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Encyclopedia > Siwalik Hills

The Siwalik Hills (also spelled Shiwalik, Shivalik, or Sivalik) are the southernmost and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas. The Siwalik is a relatively low-altitude mountain range cresting at 900 to 1,200 meters. They extend 1,600 km from the Teesta River in Sikkim, westward through Nepal and Uttarakhand, continuing into Jammu and Kashmir. The Mohan Pass is the principal pass accessing the Siwalik Hills from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh to Dehra and the hill station of Mussoorie in Uttarakhand. Perspective view of the Himalayas and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Lyskamm in the Pennine Alps (4,527 m) A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... The Teesta River is one of the most scenic rivers in Eastern India. ... Sikkim (also Sikhim) (DevanāgarÄ«: सिक्किम  ) is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... Uttarakhand presently called Uttaranchal is the ancient name for the stretch of Indian Himalayas that borders the Himachal ranges in the west, and Nepal in the east. ... Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri:ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر, Hindi:जम्मू और कश्मीर, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... Mohan Pass is a principal pass in the Siwalik Hills, the southern most and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas in Sikkim. ... Saharanpur is a town in Uttar Pradesh state of northern India, famous for its woodworking industry. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P., is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... Dehra was a town of British India, currently a tehsil in Kangra district in Himachal state, India. ... Kalimpong town as viewed from a distant hill. ... Mussoorie is a city and a municipal board, about 30 km from and in Dehradun district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. ... Uttarakhand presently called Uttaranchal is the ancient name for the stretch of Indian Himalayas that borders the Himachal ranges in the west, and Nepal in the east. ...


The Siwalik Hills are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate formations which are the solidified and upheaved detritus of the great range in their rear, but often poorly consolidated. Sivapithecus (a kind of ape, formerly known as Ramapithecus) is among many fossil finds in the region. Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... Species Sivapithecus indicus Sivapithecus ramapithecus Sivapithecus kenyapithecus Sivapithecus ouranopithecus Sivapithecus is the genus of extinct primates, any one of its species may have been the ancestor to the modern orangutans. ... Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, which includes humans. ... Binomial name Sivapithecus ramapithecus Ramapithecus is an extinct primate erected from a two inch piece of a jawbone, with four teeth. ... Three small ammonite fossils, each approximately 1. ...


Immediately south of these low mountains is an alluvial belt called the Terai, which apparently means "marshland" in Persian. This zone has many springs fed by monsoon rains falling on the uplands and absorbed into interspaces of the sedimentary rocks. This moist area was heavily malarial before DDT was used to suppress mosquitos, The Terai, or Tarai (i. ...


North of the Siwalik belt lies another range of foothills, the somewhat higher (1,500-3,000 meter) Mahabharat Lekh(Range) (in Nepal) also known as the Lesser Himalaya or the Middle Himalaya, although in many places valleys 10-20 km wide separate the Siwalik and Middle Himalaya ranges. These valleys are called Duns or Doons in India (for example the Doon Valley) which includes Dehradun, as also Patli Dun and Kothri Dun, both in Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, and also Pinjore Dun in Himachal Pradesh. In Nepal, they are part of the Inner Terai (for example Chitwan, Dang, Deukhuri and Surkhet). The Mahabharat Lekh is a hill range in Nepal it runs parallel to the Himalayan range. ... Jim Corbett National Park is Indias first national park, located near Nainital in the state of Uttaranchal. ... Uttarakhand presently called Uttaranchal is the ancient name for the stretch of Indian Himalayas that borders the Himachal ranges in the west, and Nepal in the east. ...


The permeable sediments and poorly-developed soils of the Siwalik hills do not retain water between storms and are unsuited to agriculture. They are lightly populated by a few tribal groups, especially the Van Gujjars, or Gujjars, that follow a quasi-pastoral livestock-dependent lifestlyle and are responsible for heavy deforestation and denudation in many parts, given that the size of their herds has dramatically outgrown the ecosystems' capacity to sustain them. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gujar. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as arable land, urban use, logged area or wasteland. ... Denudation is the geological process which involves the erosion and weathering of landscapes, resulting in the physical lowering of the landscape, by such processes as wind, rain, the sun, etc. ...


References

  • This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
     Geography of South Asia     
Himalaya | Western Ghats | Eastern Ghats | Aravalli Range | The Nilgiris | Vindhya Range | Satpura Range | Garo Hills | Shivalik Hills | Khasi Hills | Annamalai Hills | Cardamom Hills | Sulaiman Mountains | Karakoram | Hindu Kush | Chittagong Hill Tracts | Deccan Plateau | Thar Desert | Makran | Chota Nagpur | Naga Hills | Mysore Plateau | Ladakh Plateau
Indo-Gangetic plain | Indus River Delta | Ganga basin | Ganges Delta | Atolls of Maldives | Coromandel Coast | Konkan | Lakshadweep | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Sundarbans | Rann of Kutch | Protected areas of Tamil Nadu |
Main India | Pakistan | Nepal | Bhutan | Sri Lanka | Bangladesh | The Maldives | Portal:Himalaya region

  Results from FactBites:
 
Siwalik Hills - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (377 words)
The Siwalik Hills (also spelled Shiwalik, Shivalik, or Sivalik) are the southernmost and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas.
The Siwalik is a relatively low-altitude mountain range cresting at 900 to 1,200 meters.
The Siwalik Hills are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate formations which are the solidified and upheaved detritus of the great range in their rear, but often poorly consolidated.
Dehra Dun - LoveToKnow 1911 (560 words)
The district is bounded on the N. by the native state of Tehri or Garhwal, on the E. by British Garhwal, on the S. by the Siwalik hills, which separate it from Saharanpur district, and on the W. by the hill states of Sirmur, Jubbal and Taroch.
On the N.E. the horizon is bounded by the Mussoorie or lower range of the Himalayas, and on the S. by the Siwalik hills.
The principal passes through the Siwalik hills are the Timli pass, leading to the military station of Chakrata, and the Mohand pass leading to the sanatoriums of Mussoorie and Landaur.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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