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Encyclopedia > Skidder
A slip tongue log skidder used in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
A slip tongue log skidder used in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

A skidder is any type of heavy vehicle used in a logging operation for pulling cut trees out of a forest in a process called "skidding", in which the logs are transported from the cutting site to a landing. Here they are loaded onto trucks, or in times past, railroad cars or flumes, & sent to the mill. One exception is that in the early days of logging, when distances to the timberline from the mill were shorter, the landing stage was omitted altogether, and the "skidder" would have been used as the main road vehicle, in place of the trucks, railroad, or flume. Modern forms of skidders can pull trees with a cable/winch, just like the old steam donkeys, or a grapple or a clam-bunk. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1045, 870 KB) Summary Description: A slip tongue log skidder Source: Image taken by Larry D. Moore (User:Nv8200p) using a Kodak EasyShare Z740 Date: January 28, 2006 Location: Institute of Texan Cultures, San Antonio, Texas, United States Permission: Released under... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1045, 870 KB) Summary Description: A slip tongue log skidder Source: Image taken by Larry D. Moore (User:Nv8200p) using a Kodak EasyShare Z740 Date: January 28, 2006 Location: Institute of Texan Cultures, San Antonio, Texas, United States Permission: Released under... Logging is the process in which trees are felled (cut down) usually as part of a timber harvest. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... A steam donkey is type of stationary steam engine historically used during logging operations to haul logs to a log-landing. ...


History

Early skidders were pulled by a team of horses or mules. The driver would straddle the cart over felled logs, where dangling tongs would be positioned to raise the end of the log off the ground. The team pulled the tongue forward, allowing the log to "skid" along between the rolling wheels. These were known as "slip-tounge wheels" Starting in the early 1920s, animals were gradually replaced by gasoline-powered crawlers, although some small operations continue to use them. In other places, steel "arches" were used behind the crawlers. Similar in function to the slip-tongue wheels, arches were used to reduce friction by raising up one end of the load, which was dangled from a cable which in turn ran down the back of the arch, & was raised or lowered by the crawler's winch. Another piece similar to the arch was the "bummer", which was simply a small trailer to be towed behind a crawler, on top of which one end of the log load would rest. Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... A barren of mules. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ...

Clyde Skidder at Marathon Logging Camp ~1921
Clyde Skidder at Marathon Logging Camp ~1921

The early mechanical skidders were steam powered. They traveled on railroads, known as "dummylines" and the felled trees were dragged or "skidded" to the railroad where they were later loaded onto rail cars. Some were just steam donkeys, others were more compilcated. One popular brand was the Clyde Skidder, built by Clyde Ironworks in DeLuth, MN. The Clyde skidder illustrated was photographed at the Marathon Lumber Company logging operations near Newton, MS in the early 1920's. Although these machines appear to be large and cumbersome, they were true workhorses of their day. The Clyde was capable of retrieving logs from four different points at the same time. Each cable, or lead, was approximately 1000 feet in length. Once the logs were attached and a clearance signal was sent for retrieval, they could be skidded at a speed of 1000 feet per minute. Working conditions around these machines were very dangerous. The largest of these was the Lidgerwood skidder, which not only brought logs to the landing from the cutting site, but loaded them onto railroad cars as well, making it both a skidder & loader. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1177x1297, 131 KB)(({{PD-user|Chunkyguy55})) Joey Murphey Murphey Family Archives File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1177x1297, 131 KB)(({{PD-user|Chunkyguy55})) Joey Murphey Murphey Family Archives File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A steam donkey is type of stationary steam engine historically used during logging operations to haul logs to a log-landing. ...


Modern equivalents

Contemporary skidders are tracked or four wheel drive tractors with a turbocharged diesel engine, winch and steel, funnel-shaped guards on the rear to protect the wheels. They have articulated steering and usually a small, adjustable, push-blade on the front. The operator/logger is protected from falling or flying debris (or parted cables, or rolling over) by a steel enclosure. U.S. M60 Patton tank. ... Four wheel drive or 4x4, is a type of four wheeled vehicle drivetrain configuration that enables all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously in order to provide maximum traction. ... Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Modern self-tailing winch on a sailing boat. ... The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ... Steering is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. ... A logger can be: A lumberjack or woodcutter A program or hardware device that records events or messages to a log file Keystroke logger A fat and hairy boy/man See also: Logbook, Logging Category: ...

Older Grapple Skidder on clearcut plot, Johnsonville, South Carolina.
Older Grapple Skidder on clearcut plot, Johnsonville, South Carolina.

On a cable skidder, the cable is reeled out and attached to a pull of cut timber, then the powerful winch pulls the load toward the skidder. The winch or grapple holds the trees while the skidder drags them to a landing area or other collection point for forwarding to a loading point near a road. logskidder on clearcut plot Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:34, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... logskidder on clearcut plot Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:34, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC) ( ) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Johnsonville is a city located in Florence County, South Carolina. ... Forwarders are a type of vehicles used in cut-to-length logging operations for transporting logs to a roadside landing. ...


Alternately, some skidders have a hydraulic grapple claw instead of a winch, and the claw (on a boom) grips and lifts the timber. Most grapple booms are fixed in place (to lift only), but some models permit the grapple boom to be swung from side to side allowing spread out trees to be grabbed easier. Furthermore, some Canadian loggers have created a hybrid by adding a grapple claw to the push-blade of their grapple skidders. This permits hauling back bark and tops when returning from a "landing" to a cut block. Excavator. ... A grapple is a hook or claw used to catch or hold something. ...


The skidder can also be used for pulling tree stumps, pushing over small trees, and preliminary grading of a logging path known as a "skid road".


One disadvantage of skidder logging in thinning operations is the damage to remaining trees as branches and trunks are dragged against them, tearing away the protective bark of living trees. Another concern is the deep furrows sometimes made by skidders in the topsoil, especially when using tires with chains, which alter surface runoff patterns and increases the costs of forest rehabilitation and reforestation. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, usually the top six to eight inches. ...


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
STAND INTERVENTIONS WWW PAGE - MECHANICAL SKIDDING (871 words)
Then the frame was made heavier and more durable as the horsepower of the first skidders as we recognize them were born.
A mechanical skidder is a self propelled machine that drags or skids trees or some portion of the tree to roadside.
The winch/grapple/clam is moved by a motor run by hydraulics, the skidder changes direction by hydraulics, the wheels spin because of hydraulics and the blade usually found in the front of the skidder is raised and lowered by hydraulics.
Wurth Skidder - Wookieepedia, the Star Wars Wiki (419 words)
Skidder studied under Luke Skywalker at the Jedi Praxeum on Yavin 4, and was one of the older Knights in the class above the Solo children.
In the early phases of the Yuuzhan Vong War, Wurth Skidder was one of Kyp Durron's protégés and supporters.
Skidder's rash actions in the Osarian-Rhommamool conflict in 25 ABY helped save Leia Organa Solo from her attackers, but only fueled hostilities between the neighboring worlds.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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