The skyhook balloon launched in 1957 to photograph the sun

Skyhook ballons were balloons developed Otto C. Winzen and used by the United States Navy Office of Naval Research in the late 1940s and in the 1950s for atmospheric research, especially for constant-level meteorological observations at very high altitudes. Instruments like the Cerenkov detector were first used on skyhook balloons. 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Balloons are often used or given on special occasions, like cards or flowers. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... ONR Logo The Office of Naval Research (ONR), headquartered in Arlington, Virginia (Ballston), is an office of the U.S. Navy that carries out scientific research to support the Navy and national security. ... Atmosphere may refer to: a celestial body atmosphere, e. ... A Cherenkov (Cerenkov) detector is a particle detector utilizing the mass-dependent threshold energy of Cherenkov radiation. ...

In the late 1940s, Project Skyhook balloons provided a stable vehicle for long duration observations at altitudes in excess of 100,000 feet. Balloons, long used for collecting meteorological data, now offered the opportunity of collecting highly specialized information and photographs.

In 1948 was used to show that in addition to protons and electrons, that cosmic rays also include high energy atomic nuclei that are stripped of their electrons. Thirteen stratospheric plastic Skyhook balloons were launched in September 1953 as part of Project Churchy, an Office of Naval Research funded cosmic ray expedition at the geomagnetic equator. The balloons encountered temperatures of minus 112 degrees fahrenheit during their flights which reached altitudes of over 100,000 feet. 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Properties In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ... Properties The electron (sometimes called negatron; commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... Cosmic rays can loosely be defined as energetic particles originating outside of the Earth. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Cosmic rays can loosely be defined as energetic particles originating outside of the Earth. ... The equator is an imaginary line drawn around a planet, halfway between the poles. ...

On August 19, 1957, an unmanned Skyhook balloon lifted a cargo from the Stratoscope project, a program developed to research the sun. The main instrument was a 12-inch (30-centimeter) telescope with a special light-sensitive pointing system and a closed circuit television camera that researchers could guide—the first balloon-borne telescope. The telescope took more than 400 photographs of sunspots. These were the sharpest photographs taken of the sun up to that time. The photographs increased scientists' understanding of the motions observed in the strong magnetic fields of the sunspots. August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A Sun is the star at the center of a solar system. ... 50 cm refracting telescope at Nice Observatory. ... Closed-circuit cameras are often used to discourage crime Closed-circuit television (CCTV), as a collection surveillance cameras doing video surveillance, is the use of television cameras for surveillance. ... 400 year sunspot history A sunspot is a region on the Suns surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings, and intense magnetic activity. ...

References

• Freier, P., Lofgren, E. J., Ney, E. P. and Oppenheimer, H. L. 1948. Evidence for heavy nuclei in the primary cosmic radiation. Physial Review 74:213-17
• United States Centenial of Flight. Otto C. Winzen (http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Winzen/DI67.htm)
• Office of Naval Research (http://www.onr.navy.mil/)