Slovenians/Slovenes
Jurij Vega, Ivana Kobilca, Jože Plečnik, Ivan Cankar
Total population
2.2 million (est.) Image File history File links Sln. ... Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega (also correct Veha; official Latin Georgius Bartholomaei Vecha; German Georg Freiherr von Vega) (March 23, 1754 – September 26, 1802) was a Slovenian mathematician, physicist and artillery officer. ... Ivana Kobilca (December 20, 1861 - December 4, 1926) was a Slovene realist painter who lived, worked and studied in various European cities including Vienna, Sarajevo, Berlin, Paris and Munich. ... Jože Plečnik, (born January 23, 1872 in Ljubljana, Austro-Hungary (now Slovenia), died January 7, 1957 in Ljubljana) was a famous Slovene architect who practiced in Vienna, Belgrade, Prague and Ljubljana. ... Ivan Cankar (Vrhnika, 10 May 1876- Ljubljana, 11 December 1918) was a famous Slovenian writer, playwright and poet. ...
Regions with significant populations
Slovenia:    1,631,363 (2002) [1] Italy:    83,000-100,000 (est.)[1] [2] Austria:    24,855 [3] Croatia:    13,173 (2001) [4] Hungary:    3,180 [5] Serbia:    5,104 (2002) [6] Republic of Macedonia:    403 (1994)[2] Germany:    21,759 (2003) [7] Sweden:    4,000 (est.)[2] Switzerland:    1,601 [8] France:    4,000 (est.)[2] Netherlands:    1,000-2,000 (est.) [9] Belgium:    1,500 (est.)[2] USA:    176,691 (2000) [10] Canada:    29,000 [11] Australia:    20,000 (1999) [12] Argentina:    30,000 (est.)[1] [13] Brazil:    1,500 (est.)[2] Chile:    200 (est.)[2] Uruguay:    2,000-3,000 (est.)[2] Venezuela:    1,000 (est.)[2] South Africa:    100 (est.)[2] Anthem: Bože pravde (English: God of Justice) Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Republic  - President Boris Tadić  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment    - Formation 8th century   - Independence c. ... For an explanation of terms related to Macedonia, see Macedonia (terminology). ...
Languages
Slovenian
Religions
Predominantly Roman Catholic, but also protestant, Orthodox and Muslim minorities. Many people are atheists.
Related ethnic groups
other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs

Slovenians or Slovenes (Slovenian Slovenci, singular Slovenec, feminine Slovenka) are a South Slavic people primarily associated with Slovenia and the Slovenian language. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples. ... Slovenian or Slovene (slovenski jezik or shortly slovenščina) belongs to the family of South Slavic languages. ...

Most Slovenians today live within the borders of the independent Slovenia (1,631,363). There are autochthonous Slovenian minorities in northeastern parts of Italy (estimated at 83,000 - 100,000), southern Austria (18,000), Croatia (13,200) and Hungary (3,180). The states of Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia officially recognize Slovenians as national minorities. The definition of a minority group can vary, depending on specific context, but generally refers to either a sociological sub-group that does not form either a majority or a plurality of the total population, or a group that, while not necessarily a numerical minority, is disadvantaged or otherwise has...

In the Slovenian national census of 2002, 1,631,363 people ethnically declared themselves as Slovenians ([14]), while 1,723,434 people claimed Slovenian as their mother tongue ([15]).

The total number of Slovenians in Austria is 24,855, of whom 17,953 are representatives of the Slovenian national minority, while 6,902 are foreign nationals ([16]).

Early Alpine Slavs

In 6th century, Slavic peoples settled the region between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea in two consecutive migration waves: the first wave took place around 550 and came from the Moravian lands, while the second wave, coming from the southeast, took place after the retreat of Langobards to Italy in 568. This Buddhist stela from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples. ... The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ... Events By Place Byzantine Empire Silk reaches Constantinople (approximate date). ... Flag of Moravia Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava; German: ; Hungarian: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Scandinavia that entered the late Roman Empire. ... Events April 1 - King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy; refugees fleeing from them go on to found Venice. ...

From 623 to 658, Slavic peoples between the upper Elbe River and the Karavanke mountain range were united under the leadership of king Samo (kralj Samo) in the so called Samo's Tribal Union. The tribal union collapsed after Samo's death, but a smaller Slavic tribal principality Karantania (Slovenian Karantanija) remained, with its center in the present-day region of Carinthia. Events Clotaire II, king of the Franks, makes his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia Samo, reputedly a Frankish merchant, governs in Moravia, Slovakia and Lower Austria. ... Events The union of Slavic tribes falls apart after Samos death Births Deaths King Samo of the Slavs Categories: 658 ... This article is about a river in Central Europe. ... Karawanken (German) or Karavanke (Slovenian) is a mountain range on the border between Slovenia and Austria. ... King Samo (? – 658) was a merchant born in the Senonian country (Senonago) (probably todays Sens in France). ... Karantania sometimes Carantania, Carentania, Carinthia (in old Slovenian onomastics Korotan, or Karantanija) was a Slavic principality that developed in the 6th century and was centered on the territory of contemporary Carinthia. ...

Alpine Slavs during the Frankish Empire

Due to pressing danger of Avar tribes from the east, Karantanians accepted union with Bavarians in 745 and later recognized Frankish rule and accepted Christianity in the 8th century. The last Slavic state formation in the region, the principality of Prince Kocelj, lost its independence in 874. Slovenian ethnic territory subsequently shrunk due to pressing of Germans from the west and the arrival of Hungarians in the Pannonian plain, and stabilized in the present form in the 15th century. Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... Caranthanians (Latin Quarantani, Slovenian Karantanci) were the Alpine Slavs of the early middle ages (Latin Sclavi qui dicuntur Quarantani, Slavs called Caranthanians). ... Geography Bavaria shares international borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. ... Events Births November 10 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. ... For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... Events March 13 - The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople. ... The Pannonian Plain is a large plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

The earliest documents written in a Slovenian dialect are the Freising manuscripts (Brižinski spomeniki, Freisinger Denkmäler), dated between 972 and 1022, found in 1803 in Freising, Germany. The first book printed in Slovenian is Cattechismus and Abecedarium, written by the Protestant reformer Primož Trubar in 1550 and printed in Tübingen, Germany. Jurij Dalmatin translated the Bible into Slovenian in 1584. In the half of the 16th century the Slovenian came known to other European languages with the multilingual dictionary, compiled by Hieronymus Megisar. The Freising Manuscripts (also Freising Monuments; Slovene Brižinski spomeniki, German Freisinger Denkmäler, Latin Monumenta Frisingensia, Slovak Frizinské pamiatky) are the first Roman-script record of any Slavic language. ... Events Otto II marries Theophanu, Byzantine princess. ... Events Several Catharist heretics are killed in Toulouse. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Freising is a city in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the district Freising. ... Protestantism is one of three main groups within Christianity, whose beliefs are centered on Jesus. ... Primož Trubar (June 9, 1508 – June 28, 1586) was a Slovenian Protestant reformer, the founder and the first superintendent of the Protestant Church of Slovenia, a consolidator of the Slovenian language and the author of the first printed book in Slovenian. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Tübingen, Neckar front Tübingen, a traditional university town of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 20 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the River Neckar and the Ammer. ... Jurij Dalmatin was a Slovene protestant priest, writer and translator. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... 1584 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Slovenians between the 18th century and the Second World War

Slovenian lands were part of the Illyrian provinces, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania). Illyrian Provinces (French Provinces illyriennes) were formed in 1809 when Austria ceded with the Treaty of Schoenbrunn its lands Carinthia, Carniola, Croatia southwest of the river Sava, Gorizia and Trieste to France after the defeat at the Battle of Wagram. ... Anthem: Volkshymne (Peoples Anthem) Capital Vienna Language(s) German Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy History  - Established 1804  - Disestablished 1867 Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown of the Austrian Emperor The Austrian Empire (German: ) was an empire centred on what is modern day Austria that officially lasted from 1804... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Cisleithania (German: Cisleithanien) was the name of the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual monarchy created in 1867 and dissolved in 1918. ...

Many Slovenians emigrated to the United States at the turn of the 20th century, mostly due to economic reasons. Those that settled in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania came to be called Windish. The largest group of Slovenians eventually ended up settling in Cleveland, Ohio and the surrounding area. The second largest group settled in Chicago principally on the Lower West Side, Chicago. Freethinkers were centered around 18th and Racine Ave. in Chicago where where they founded the Slovene National Benefit Society, other Slovenian immigrants went to southwestern Pennsylvania, southeastern Ohio and the state of West Virginia to work in the coal mines and lumber industry. Some Slovenians also went to the Pittsburgh or Youngstown, Ohio areas to work in the steel mills. Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania Counties Lehigh and Northampton Founded 1741 Mayor John B. Callahan Area    - City 50. ... Nickname: The Forest City Motto: Progress and Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1836 Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area    - City 82. ... Lower West Side is a community area located on the west side of Chicago, Illinois. ... Slovenska Narodna Podporna Jednota, the Slovene National Benefit Society, is an ethnic fraternal benefit and social organization for Slovene immigrants and their descendants in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... Location within the state of Ohio Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio Counties Mahoning Mayor Jay Williams (I) Area    - City 34. ...

Following the 1st World War (1914-1918), they joined other South Slavs in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, followed by Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and finally Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the new system of banovinas (since 1929), Slovenians formed a majority in the Drava Banovina. Flag Capital Zagreb Language(s) Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian Government Republic President¹ Anton KoroÅ¡ec Vice presidents¹ Ante Pavelić Svetozar Pribićević Historical era World War I  - Independence 29 October, 1918  - Joined Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1 December, 1918 ¹ President and vice presidents of the National Council. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ... Motto: One nation, one king, one country Anthem: Medley of Bože pravde, Lijepa naÅ¡a domovino, and Naprej zastava slave Capital Belgrade Language(s) Serbo-Croato-Slovenian (see: Serbo-Croat and Slovenian) [1] Government Value specified for government_type does not comply King  - 1918-1921 Peter I  - 1921-1934 Alexander... Ban was a title used in some states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 9th century and the 20th century. ... Map showing Yugoslav banovinas in 1929 (The Drava Banovina is coloured yellow, on the top left part of the map) The Drava Banovina or Drava Banate (Slovenian and Croatian: Dravska banovina) was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. ...

In 1920 people in the bilingual regions of Carinthia decided in a referendum that most of Carinthia should accede to Austria. Between the two world wars the westernmost areas inhabited by Slovenians were occupied by Italy. Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state coat The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... The Carinthian Plebiscite (Slovene Koroški plebiscit, German: Kärntner Volksabstimmung) on October 10, 1920 determined the border between Austria and the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) after World War I. In particular it divided Carinthia, formerly a province of Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, in...

Slovenian volunteers also participated in the Spanish Civil War, and the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Combatants Spanish Republic Soviet Union Nationalist Spain Italy Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939, was a conflict in which the Francoists or Nationalists, led by... Combatants Italy Ethiopia Commanders Emilio De Bono Pietro Badoglio Rodolfo Graziani Haile Selassie Strength 130,000 Italian and Eritrean soldiers 350,000 (some ill-equipped) Casualties 8,000 250,000 (most of them civilians) The Second Italo–Abyssinian War lasted seven months in 1935–1936. ...

Slovenians during and after World War II

Yugoslavia was invaded by Axis Powers on April 6, 1941 after a coup d'état in the Yugoslav government ended Yugoslavia's participation in the Tripartite Pact and enraged Adolf Hitler. Territory in Yugoslavia was quickly divided between German, Italian, and Hungarian control, and the Nazis soon annexed Lower Styria (Untersteiermark) to the "Greater Reich". About 46,000 Slovenians in the Rann Triangle region were forcibly deported to eastern Germany for potential Germanization or forced labor beginning in November 1941. Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A coup d’état (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... Hitler redirects here. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Lower Styria (Slovenian Spodnja Å tajerska, German Untersteiermark, Latin Styria) is made up of the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria and is a region in northeastern Slovenia. ...

The deported Slovenians were taken to several camps in Saxony, where they were forced to work on German farms or in factories run by German industries from 1941-1945. The forced labourers were not always kept in formal concentration camps, but often just vacant buildings where they slept until the next day's labour took them outside these quarters. Toward the close of the war, these camps were liberated by American and Soviet Army troops, and later repatriated refugees returned to Yugoslavia to find their homes in shambles.

In 1945, Yugoslavia liberated itself and shortly thereafter became a nominally federal Communist state, with Slovenia a socialist republic. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist state. ...

Most of Carinthia remained part of Austria and 14,000 Slovenians ([17]) in the Austrian state of Carinthia were recognized as a minority and have enjoyed special rights following the Austrian State Treaty (Staatsvertrag) of 1955. The Slovenians in the Austrian state of Styria (4,250 [18]) are not recognized as a minority and do not enjoy special rights, although the State Treaty of July 27, 1955 states otherwise. Coat of arms of the Dukes of Carinthia, today state coat The Duchy of Carinthia (German language: Kärnten, Slovenian: Koroška) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, and a crownland of Austria-Hungary until it dissolved in 1918. ... Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... Occupation zones in Austria, 1945-1955 The Austrian Independence Treaty (complete form: Treaty for the re-establishment of an independent and democratic Austria, signed in Vienna on the 15 May 1955), more commonly referred to as the Austrian State Treaty (German Staatsvertrag), was signed on May 15, 1955 in Vienna... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Styria redirects here. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ...

Many of the rights required by the 1955 State Treaty are still to be fully implemented. There is also an undercurrent of thinking amongst parts of the population that the Slovenian involvement in the partisan war against the Nazi occupation force was a bad thing, and indeed "Tito partisan" is a not an infrequent insult hurled against members of the minority. Many Carinthians are (quite irrationally) afraid of Slovenian territorial claims, pointing to the fact that Yugoslav troops entered the state after each of the two World Wars. The current governor, Jörg Haider, regularly plays the Slovenian card when his popularity starts to dwindle, and indeed relies on the strong anti-Slovenian attitudes in many parts of the province for his power base. Another interesting phenomenon is for some German speakers to refuse to accept the minority as Slovenians at all, referring to them as so-called Windische, an ethnicity distinct from Slovenians (a claim which linguists reject on the basis that the dialect spoken is by all standards a variant of the Slovenian language). Since Austria is a federal republic according to the constitutional framework of Austrian politics, Austrias nine provinces are customarily referred to as States of Austria or Bundesländer, singular Bundesland. ... Landeshauptmann (literally country captain or state captain) is the German title of the governor of a state of Austria or of the Italian province of Bolzano (South Tyrol). ... Jörg Haider in Carinthia (promotional photo) Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ...

Yugoslavia acquired some territory from Italy after WWII but some 100,000 Slovenians remained behind the Italian border, notably around Trieste and Gorizia. Trieste (Italian: Trieste; Slovenian and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest; Hungarian: Trieszt; Latin: Tergeste; Serbian: Трст or Trst) is a city and port in northeastern Italy right on the border with Slovenia. ... Gorizia (Slovenian: Gorica, German: Görz, Friulian: Gurize) is a small town at the foot of the Alps, in northeastern Italy, on the border with Slovenia. ...

In 1991, Slovenia became an independent nation state after a brief ten day war. 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article may contain original research or unverified claims. ...

See also

• List of Slovenians
• Slavic peoples
• History of Slovenia
• Timeline of Slovenian history
• Karantanians
• History of Yugoslavia
• Gottschee
• History of Croatia
• Demographics of Slovenia
• Demographics of Austria
• Demographics of Italy
• Demographics of Croatia
• Demographics of Hungary

This is a list of Slovenians and people from Slovenia that are famous or notable. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples. ... // Ancient times Slovenia under the Roman Empire In ancient times Celts and Illyrians inhabited the territory of present-day Slovenia. ... Some factual claims in this article need to be verified. ... Caranthanians (Latin Quarantani, Slovenian Karantanci) were the only Alpine Slavs in the early middle ages and the first ethnic name of an old Slovenian people as a separate part of the Slavs (Latin Sclavi qui dicuntur Quarantani, Slavs called Caranthanians). ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Area: 563. ... This is the history of Croatia. ... The majority of Slovenias population is Slovenian (over 88%). Hungarians and Italians have the status of indigenous minorities under the Constitution of Slovenia, which guarantees them seats in the National Assembly. ... Austrians are a homogeneous people, although four decades of strong immigration have significantly altered the composition of the population of Austria. ... Demography of Italy. ... Croatia is inhabited mostly by Croats, while minority groups include Serbs, Bosniaks, Hungarians, Italians, Germans, Czechs, Roma people and others. ... Population change 1961-2003, as reported by FAO, 2005. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Zupančič, Jernej (author), Orožen Adamič, Milan (photographer), Filipič, Hanzi (photographer): Slovenci po svetu. In publication: Nacionalni atlas Slovenije (Kartografsko gradivo) / Inštitut za geografijo, Geografski inštitut Antona Melika. Ljubljana: Rokus, 2001.(COBISS)
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Trebše-Štolfa, Milica, ed., Klemenčič, Matjaž, resp. ed.: Slovensko izseljenstvo: zbornik ob 50-letnici Slovenske izseljenske matice. Ljubljana: Združenje Slovenska izseljenska matica, 2001.(COBISS)

External links

History

• A Brief History of Slovenia, by Stane Granda
• Brestanica Museum of Political Prisoners, Internees and Deportees
• National Museum of Contemporary History - Brestanica
• Gottschee History, Culture, and Archives
• Association of Victims of the Occupying Powers 1941-45 (in Slovenian)
• Slovenian Law on Reparation of Injustices

The origin of Slovenians

• History of Slovenians
• Slovenians in the USA
• Slovenians between 1918 and 1941
• Slovenians living abroad