Smart card used for health insurance in France.

A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is defined as any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits which can process information. This implies that it can receive input which is processed - by way of the ICC applications - and delivered as an output. There are two broad categories of ICCs. Memory cards contain only non-volatile memory storage components, and perhaps some specific security logic. Microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic, generally PVC, but sometimes ABS. The card may embed a hologram to avoid counterfeiting. Download high resolution version (1001x639, 90 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1001x639, 90 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Integrated circuit of Atmel Diopsis 740 System on Chip showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips (EPROM memory) with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. ... Four major types of memory cards (from left to right: CompactFlash, Memory Stick, Secure Digital, and xD. A memory card or flash memory card is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device used with digital cameras, handheld and Mobile computers, telephones, music players, video game consoles, and other... PVC redirects here. ... Monomers in ABS polymer ABS plastic pipes in use in a wet basement of a paper mill, in Sault Ste. ... This article is about the photographic technique. ... For other uses, see Counterfeit (disambiguation). ...

Overview

A "smart card" is also characterized as follows:

• Dimensions are normally credit card size. The ID-1 of ISO/IEC 7810 standard defines them as 85.60 × 53.98 mm. Another popular size is ID-000 which is 25 x 15 mm. Both are .76 mm thick.
• Contains a security system - tamper-resistant properties (e.g. a secure cryptoprocessor, secure file system, human-readable features) and is capable of providing security services (e.g. confidentiality of information in the memory).
• Asset managed by way of a central administration system which interchanges information and configuration settings with the card through the security system. The latter includes card hotlisting, updates for application data.
• Card data is transferred to the central administration system through card reading devices, such as ticket readers, ATMs etc.

This article is about the payment system. ... Standards for financial and identity cards are set out by ISO. All credit cards and debit cards, and most ID cards, are the same shape and size ID-1 as specified by the ISO 7810 standard: ID-1 = 85. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... In the field of computer security, system hardware is said to be tamper-resistant if it is difficult to modify or subvert, even for an assailant who has physical access to the system. ... A secure cryptoprocessor is a dedicated computer for carrying out cryptographic operations, embedded in a packaging with multiple physical security measures, which give it a degree of tamper resistance. ... Cash machine redirects here. ...

Benefits

Smart cards provide a means of effecting business transactions in a flexible, secure, standard way with minimal human intervention.

History

The automated chip card was invented by German rocket scientist Helmut Gröttrup and his colleague Jürgen Dethloff in 1968; the patent was finally approved in 1982. The first mass use of the cards was for payment in French pay phones, starting in 1983 (Télécarte). Helmut Gröttrup (born 1916, died 1981) was a german rocket engineer and assistent of Wernher von Braun in the V-2 rocket-project. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... A payphone or pay phone is a public telephone, with payment by inserting money (usually coins) or a debit card (a special telephone card or a multi-purpose card) or credit card before a call is made. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... For other uses of calling card, see calling card. ...

Roland Moreno actually patented his first concept of the memory card in 1974. In 1977, Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart card. In 1978, Bull patented the SPOM (Self Programmable One-chip Microcomputer) that defines the necessary architecture to auto-program the chip. Three years later, the very first "CP8" based on this patent was produced by Motorola. Today, Bull has 1200 patents related to smart cards. Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Groupe Bull (also known as Bull Computer or, informally, as Bull) is a French computer company based in Paris. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

A Finnish smart card, combining credit card and debit card properties. The 3 by 5 mm security chip embedded in the card is shown enlarged in the inset. The gold contact pads on the card enables electronic access to the chip.

The second use was with the integration of microchips into all French debit cards (Carte Bleue) completed in 1992. When paying in France with a Carte Bleue, one inserts the card into the merchant's terminal, then types the PIN, before the transaction is accepted. Only very limited transactions (such as paying small autoroute tolls) are accepted without PIN. Image File history File links Smartcard. ... Image File history File links Smartcard. ... This article is about the payment system. ... Look up debit card in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up debit card in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Carte Bleue Visa from Société Générale Carte Bleue (or Blue Card in English) is a major debit card payment scheme operating in France. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... An autoroute. ...

Smart-card-based electronic purse systems (in which value is stored on the card chip, not in an externally recorded account, so that machines accepting the card need no network connectivity) were tried throughout Europe from the mid-1990s, most notably in Germany (Geldkarte), Austria (Quick), Belgium (Proton), France (Moneo), the Netherlands (Chipknip and Chipper), Switzerland ("Cash"), Sweden ("Cash"), Finland ("Avant"), UK ("Mondex"), Denmark ("Danmønt") and Portugal ("Porta-moedas Multibanco"). For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

The major boom in smart card use came in the 1990s, with the introduction of the smart-card-based SIM used in GSM mobile phone equipment in Europe. With the ubiquity of mobile phones in Europe, smart cards have become very common. It has been suggested that Virtual sim be merged into this article or section. ...

The international payment brands MasterCard, Visa, and Europay agreed in 1993 to work together to develop the specifications for the use of smart cards in payment cards used as either a debit or a credit card. The first version of the EMV system was released in 1994. In 1998 a stable release of the specifications was available. EMVco, the company responsible for the long-term maintenance of the system, upgraded the specification in 2000 and most recently in 2004. The goal of EMVco is to assure the various financial institutions and retailers that the specifications retain backward compatibility with the 1998 version. ATM]]s, for authenticating credit and debit card payments. ...

With the exception of countries such as the United States of America there has been significant progress in the deployment of EMV-compliant point of sale equipment and the issuance of debit and or credit cards adhering the EMV specifications. Typically, a country's national payment association, in coordination with MasterCard International, Visa International, American Express and JCB, develop detailed implementation plans assuring a coordinated effort by the various stakeholders involved. MasterCard Worldwide (NYSE: MA) is a multinational corporation based in Purchase, NY in the United States. ... Visa or VISA has several meanings: Look up visa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Visa (document) — a document required to enter a specific country. ... American Express (NYSE: AXP), sometimes known as AmEx or Amex, is a diversified global financial services company, headquartered in New York City. ... Japan Credit Bureau, usually abbreviated as JCB, is a credit card company based in Tokyo, Japan. ...

The backers of EMV claim it is a paradigm shift in the way one looks at payment systems. In countries where banks do not currently offer a single card capable of supporting multiple account types, there may be merit to this statement. Though some banks in these countries are considering issuing one card that will serve as both a debit card and as a credit card, the business justification for this is still quite elusive. Within EMV a concept called Application Selection defines how the consumer selects which means of payment to employ for that purchase at the point of sale.

For the banks interested in introducing smart cards the only quantifiable benefit is the ability to forecast a significant reduction in fraud, in particular counterfeit, lost and stolen. The current level of fraud a country is experiencing, coupled with whether that country's laws assign the risk of fraud to the consumer or the bank, determines if there is a business case for the financial institutions. Some critics claim that the savings are far less than the cost of implementing EMV, and thus many believe that the USA payments industry will opt to wait out the current EMV life cycle in order to implement new, contactless technology.

Smart cards with contactless interfaces are becoming increasingly popular for payment and ticketing applications such as mass transit. Visa and MasterCard have agreed to an easy-to-implement version currently being deployed (2004-2006) in the USA. Across the globe, contactless fare collection systems are being implemented to drive efficiencies in public transit. The various standards emerging are local in focus and are not compatible, though the MIFARE card from Philips has a considerable market share in the US and Europe.

Smart cards are also being introduced in personal identification and entitlement schemes at regional, national, and international levels. Citizen cards, drivers’ licenses, and patient card schemes are becoming more prevalent; For example in Malaysia, the compulsory national ID scheme MyKad inlcudes 8 different applications and is rolled out for 18 million users. Contactless smart cards are being integrated into ICAO biometric passports to enhance security for international travel. MyKad, or Government Multipurpose Card, (GMPC) is the official compulsory identity card of Malaysia. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Symbol for biometric passports, usually printed on the cover of passports The contactless chip found in British passports A biometric passport is a combined paper and electronic identity document that uses biometrics to authenticate the citizenship of travellers. ...

Contact smart card

Contact smart cards have a contact area, comprised of several gold-plated contact pads, that is about 1cm square. When inserted into a reader, the chip makes contact with electrical connectors that can read information from the chip and write information back. A card reader is a device used for communication with a smart card or a flash memory card. ...

The ISO/IEC 7816 and ISO/IEC 7810 series of standards define: ISO 7816 is an international standard related to electronic identification cards, especially smart cards, managed jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ... Standards for financial and identity cards are set out by ISO. All credit cards and debit cards, and most ID cards, are the same shape and size ID-1 as specified by the ISO 7810 standard: ID-1 = 85. ...

• the physical shape
• the positions and shapes of the electrical connectors
• the electrical characteristics
• the communications protocols, that includes the format of the commands sent to the card and the responses returned by the card.
• robustness of the card
• the functionality

The cards do not contain batteries; energy is supplied by the card reader. This article concerns communication between pairs of electronic devices. ... For other uses, see Battery. ...

Reader

Contact smart card readers are used as a communications medium between the smart card and a host, e.g. a computer, a point of sale terminal, or a mobile telephone.

Since the chips in the financial cards are the same as those used for mobile phone Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) cards, just programmed differently and embedded in a different shaped piece of PVC, the chip manufacturers are building to the more demanding GSM/3G standards. So, for instance, although EMV allows a chip card to draw 50mA from its terminal, cards are normally well inside the telephone industry's 6mA limit. This is allowing financial card terminals to become smaller and cheaper, and moves are afoot to equip every home PC with a card reader and software to make internet shopping more secure.^{[citation needed]} It has been suggested that Virtual sim be merged into this article or section. ...

Contactless smart card

See also: List of smart cards

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. (Discuss)

A second type is the contactless smart card, in which the chip communicates with the card reader through RFID induction technology (at data rates of 106 to 848 kbit/s). These cards require only close proximity to an antenna to complete transaction. They are often used when transactions must be processed quickly or hands-free, such as on mass transit systems, where smart cards can be used without even removing them from a wallet. Example of widely used contactless smart cards are Hong Kongs Octopus card, Paris Calypso/Navigo card and Lisbon LisboaViva card, which predate the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... An example of a wallet genuine crocodile leather wallets from Thailand A wallet, or billfold, is a small (usually pocket-sized) flat case used to carry personal items such as cash, credit cards and drivers licenses for frequent quick access. ...

The standard for contactless smart card communications is ISO/IEC 14443, dated 2001. It defines two types of contactless cards ("A" and "B"), allows for communications at distances up to 10 cm. There had been proposals for ISO 14443 types C, D, E and F that have been rejected by the International Organization for Standardization. An alternative standard for contactless smart cards is ISO 15693, which allows communications at distances up to 50 cm. ISO 14443 defines a proximity card used for identification that usually uses the standard credit card form factor defined by ISO 7810 ID-1. ... ISO 14443 defines a proximity card used for identification that usually uses the standard credit card form factor defined by ISO 7810 ID-1. ... ISO 15693 is an ISO standard for Vicinity Cards, i. ...

Example of widely used contactless smart cards are Hong Kong's Octopus card, and Japan Rail's Suica Card; which predate the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. The following tables list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic purse applications. Obverse side of a standard adult card. ... Suica ) is a rechargeable contactless smart card used as a fare card on train lines in Japan. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... Electronic money (also known as digital money, electronic currency, digital currency or internet money) refers to money which is only exchanged electronically. ...

Singapore Metro EZlink Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 320 × 426 pixelsFull resolution (320 × 426 pixel, file size: 26 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) free photo I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU...

Novosibirsk (Russia). Transport farecollection terminal CFT Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 320 × 240 pixelsFull resolution (320 × 240 pixel, file size: 12 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)photo by MikeKn full free I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms...

Smartcard used for paying for public transportation in the Helsinki area; the card is read remotely. Image File history File linksMetadata Matkakortti_ja_kortinlukija. ... A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government  - Mayor Jussi Pajunen Area  - Total 187. ...

Obverse side of a standard adult Octopus card, a contactless smart card. Download high resolution version (992x671, 95 KB)New picture of front of Octopus card. ... Obverse side of a standard adult card. ...

A related contactless technology is RFID (radio frequency identification). In certain cases, it can be used for applications similar to those of contactless smart cards, such as for electronic toll collection. RFID devices usually do not include writeable memory or microcontroller processing capability as contactless smart cards often do. An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... Many ETC systems use transponders like this one to electronically debit the accounts of registered cars without their stopping Transponder used in some Chilean expressways Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), an adaptation of military identification friend or foe technology, aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads. ...

There are dual-interface cards that implement contactless and contact interfaces on a single card with some shared storage and processing. An example is Porto's multi-application transport card, called Andante, that uses a chip in contact and contactless (ISO 14443B). Oporto redirects here. ... Andante is a public transport ticketing system used in Porto and was the first fully contactless mass transit ticketing system used in the world. ...

Like smart cards with contacts, contactless cards do not have a battery. Instead, they use a built-in inductor to capture some of the incident radio-frequency interrogation signal, rectify it, and use it to power the card's electronics. An inductor is a passive electrical device employed in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. ... A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current to rectified direct current, a process known as rectification. ...

Communication protocols

ISO 7816 is an international standard related to electronic identification cards, especially smart cards, managed jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ... ISO 7816 is an international standard related to electronic identification cards, especially smart cards, managed jointly by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ... ISO 14443 defines a proximity card used for identification that usually uses the standard credit card form factor defined by ISO 7810 ID-1. ...

Credit card contactless technology

These are the best known payment cards (classical plastic card):

• Visa: Visa Contactless, Quick VSDC - "qVSDC", Visa Wave, MSD, payWave
• MasterCard: PayPass Magstripe, PayPass MChip
• American Express: Express Pay
• Chase: Blink (credit and debit cards)

Roll-outs started in 2005 in USA (Asia and Europe - 2006). Contactless (non PIN) transactions cover a payment range of ~$5-50. There is an ISO 14443 PayPass implementation. All PayPass implementations may be separated on EMV and non EMV. ISO 14443 defines a proximity card used for identification that usually uses the standard credit card form factor defined by ISO 7810 ID-1. ...

Non-EMV cards work like magnetic stripe cards. This is a typical card technology in the USA (PayPass Magstripe and VISA MSD). The cards do not control amount remaining. All payment passes without a PIN and usually in off-line mode. The security level of such a transaction is no greater than with classical magnetic stripe card transaction.

EMV cards have two interfaces (contact and contactless) and they work as a normal EMV card via contact interface. Via contactless interface they work almost like an EMV (card command sequence adopted on contactless features as low power and short transaction time).

Cryptographic smart cards

Most advanced smart cards are equipped with specialized cryptographic hardware that let you use algorithms such as RSA and DSA on board. Today's cryptographic smart cards are also able to generate key pairs on board, to avoid the risk of having more than one copy of the key (since by design there usually isn't a way to extract private keys from a smart card). In cryptography, RSA is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. ... The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a United States Federal Government standard or FIPS for digital signatures. ...

Such smart cards are mainly used for digital signature and secure identification (see applications section). A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a type of asymmetric cryptography used to simulate the security properties of a signature in digital, rather than written, form. ...

The most common way to access cryptographic smart card functions on a computer is to use a PKCS#11 library provided by the vendor. On Microsoft Windows platforms the CSP API is also adopted. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Windows redirects here. ... In Microsoft Windows, a Cryptographic Service Provider (CSP) is a software library that implements the Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (CAPI). ...

The most widely used cryptographics in smart cards (excluding the GSM so-called "crypto algorithm") are 3DES (Triple DES) and RSA. The key set is usually loaded (DES) or generated (RSA) on the card at the personalization stage.

Applications

Financial

The applications of smart cards include their use as credit or ATM cards, in a fuel card, SIMs for mobile phones, authorization cards for pay television, pre-pay utilities in household, high-security identification and access-control cards, and public transport and public phone payment cards. Outdoor ATMs may be free-standing, like this kiosk, or built into the side of banks or other buildings An automatic teller machine, automated teller machine (ATM) or cash machine is an electronic device that allows a banks customers to make cash withdrawals and check their account balances without... A fuel card is a payment card for petrol, diesel and other fuels at filling stations. ... SIM re-directs here; for alternate uses see Sim (disambiguation) A SIM card taken from a GSM mobile phone A subscriber identity module (SIM) is a smartcard securely storing the key identifying a mobile subscriber. ... Mass transit redirects here. ...

Smart cards may also be used as electronic wallets. The smart card chip can be loaded with funds which can be spent in parking meters and vending machines or at various merchants. Cryptographic protocols protect the exchange of money between the smart card and the accepting machine. There is no connection to the issuing bank necessary, so the holder of the card can use it regardless of him being the owner. Examples are Proton, Geldkarte, Chipknip and Mon€o. The german Geldkarte is also used to validate the customers age at vending machines for cigarettes. Electronic money (also known as digital money, electronic currency, digital currency or internet money) refers to money which is only exchanged electronically. ... A cryptographic protocol is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods. ... Reverse of a French bank card including the Moneo logo. ... A typical U.S. snack vending machine A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks, beverages and other products to consumers. ...

Identification

A quickly growing application is in digital identification cards. In this application, the cards are used for authentication of identity. The most common example is in conjunction with a PKI. The smart card will store an encrypted digital certificate issued from the PKI along with any other relevant or needed information about the card holder. Examples include the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), and the use of various smart cards by many governments as identification cards for their citizens. When combined with biometrics, smart cards can provide two- or three-factor authentication. Smart cards are not always a privacy-enhancing technology, for the subject carries possibly incriminating information about him all the time. By employing contactless smart cards, that can be read without having to remove the card from the wallet or even the garment it is in, one can add even more authentication value to the human carrier of the cards. For other uses of the terms authentication, authentic and authenticity, see authenticity. ... Diagram of a public key infrastructure In cryptography, a public key infrastructure (PKI) is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective user identities by means of a certificate authority (CA). ... The United States Department of Defense (DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the military. ... Common Access Card issued to Contractor personnel The Common Access Card (CAC) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) smartcard issued as standard identification for active duty military personnel, reserve personnel, civilian employees, and eligible contractor personnel. ...

The first smart card driver's license system in the world was issued in 1995 in Mendoza, a province of Argentina. Mendoza has a high level of road accidents, driving offenses, and a poor record of recovering outstanding fines.^{[citation needed]} The smart licenses keep an up-to-date record of driving offenses and unpaid fines. They also store personal information, license type and number, and a photograph of the holder. Emergency medical information like blood type, allergies, and biometrics (fingerprints) can be stored on the chip if the cardholder wishes. The Argentina government anticipates that this new system will help to recover more than $10 million per year in fines. Mendoza is a city in the west of Argentina, and the capital of the Mendoza Province. ...

Gujarat was the first state in India to introduce the smart card license system in 1999. To date the Gujarat Government has issued 5 million smart card driving licenses to its people.^{[citation needed]} This card is basically a plastic card having ISO/IEC 7810 certification and integrated circuit, capable of storing and verifying information according to its programming. This article is for the Indian state. ... Standards for financial and identity cards are set out by ISO. All credit cards and debit cards, and most ID cards, are the same shape and size ID-1 as specified by the ISO 7810 standard: ID-1 = 85. ...

Smart cards have been advertised as suitable for personal identification tasks, because they are engineered to be tamper resistant. The embedded chip of a smart card usually implements some cryptographic algorithm. Information about the inner workings of this algorithm can be obtained if the precise time and electrical current required for certain encryption or decryption operations is measured. A number of research projects have now demonstrated the feasibility of this line of attack. Countermeasures have been proposed. In the field of computer security, system hardware is said to be tamper-resistant if it is difficult to modify or subvert, even for an assailant who has physical access to the system. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... In electricity, current is the rate of flow of charges, usually through a metal wire or some other electrical conductor. ...

By the start of 2009 the entire population of Spain and Belgium will have an eID card, that is issued by the Spanish and Belgian Governments and that is used to identify an individual. These cards contain 2 certificates: one for authentication and one for signature. This signature is legally adopted. More and more services in these countries are using the eID card as an authorisation token. More information on [1]and [2]

Other

Smart cards are widely used to protect digital television streams. See television encryption for an overview, and VideoGuard for a specific example of how smartcard security worked (and was cracked). Television encryption, often referred to as scrambling, is encryption used to control access to pay television services, usually cable or satellite television services. ... VideoGuard (sometimes referred to simply as NDS), produced by NDS, is a digital encryption system for use with conditional access television broadcasting. ...

The Malaysian government uses smart card technology in identity cards carried by all Malaysian citizens and resident non-citizens. The personal information inside the smart card (called mykad) can be read using special APDU commands.MYKAD SDK

Problems

Another problem of smart cards may be the failure rate. The plastic card in which the chip is embedded is fairly flexible, and the larger the chip, the higher the probability of breaking. Smart cards are often carried in wallets or pockets — a fairly harsh environment for a chip. However, for large banking systems, the failure-management cost can be more than offset by the fraud reduction. A card enclosure might be a good idea. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Using a smart card for mass transit presents a risk for privacy, because such a system enables the mass transit operator (and the authorities) to track the movement of individuals. In Finland, the Data Protection Ombudsman prohibited the transport operator YTV from collecting such information, in spite of YTV's argument that the owner of the card has the right to get a list of journeys paid with the card. Prior to this, such information was used in the investigation of the Myyrmanni bombing. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to control the flow of information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. ... We dont have an article called Data protection Start this article Search for Data protection in. ... For the Canadian television series, see Ombudsman (TV series). ... The Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council (Pääkaupunkiseudun yhteistyövaltuuskunta, or YTV, in Finnish, Huvudstadsregionens samarbetsdelegation in Swedish) is a co-operation agency operating in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. ... Aftermath The Myyrmanni bombing took place on October 11, 2002 in the town of Vantaa, Finland, just north of Helsinki, in the local Myyrmanni shopping mall. ...

This section does not cite any references or sources. (September 2007) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

Smart cards used for client-side identification and authentication are the most secure way for eg. internet banking applications, but the security is never 100% sure. In the example of internet banking, if the PC is infected with any kind of malware, the security model is broken. A malware can override the communication (both input via keyboard and output via application screen) between the user and the internet banking application (eg. browser). This would result in modifying transactions by the malware and unnoticed by the user. There are malwares in the wild with this capability (eg. Trojan. Silentbanker). Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...

In addition to technical hurdles is the lack of standards for smart card functionality and security. To address this problem, the ERIDANE Project was launched by The Berlin Group to develop a proposal for "a new functional and security framework for smart-card based Point of Interaction (POI) equipment", equipment that would be used, for instance, in retail environments.^[1]

See also

• Access badge
• Access control
• BasicCard
• Biometrics
• Common Access Card
• Credential
• Electronic money
• Electronic passport
• EMV credit cards
• GlobalPlatform standard
• ID Card
• Java Card
• Keycard
• Magnetic stripe card
• MULTOS
• Photo identification
• Physical Security
• Proximity card
• RFID
• Security
• Security engineering
• Snapi
• SIM
• Swipe card
• Telephone card

An access badge is the identification used to gain entry to the office or other places that have automated access controlled entry points. ... Access control is the ability to permit or deny the use of something by someone. ... BasicCard is a smart card programmable in ZC-Basic language. ... At Walt Disney World biometric measurements are taken from the fingers of guests to ensure that the persons ticket is used by the same person from day to day Biometrics (ancient Greek: bios =life, metron =measure) refers to two very different fields of study and application. ... Common Access Card issued to Contractor personnel The Common Access Card (CAC) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) smartcard issued as standard identification for active duty military personnel, reserve personnel, civilian employees, and eligible contractor personnel. ... Look up credential in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Electronic money (also known as electronic cash, electronic currency, digital money, digital cash or digital currency) refers to money or scrip which is exchanged only electronically. ... Symbol for biometric passports, usually printed on the cover of the passports A biometric passport is a combined paper and electronic identity document that uses biometrics to authenticate the citizenship of travelers. ... ATM]]s, for authenticating credit and debit card payments. ... GlobalPlatform is a fully independent, non-for-profit, democratic standardization organization. ... German identity document sample An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the person carrying it. ... Java Card refers to a technology that allows small Java-based applications (applets) to be run securely on smart cards and similar devices. ... A number of different keys A single key A key is a device which is used to open a lock. ... A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. ... MULTOS is a multi-application smart card operating system, that enables a smart card to carry a variety of applications, from chip & pin application for payment to on-card biometric matching for secure ID and ePassport. ... Photo identification is generally used to define any form of identification that includes a photograph of the holder. ... Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on physical media. ... Proximity card is a generic name for contactless integrated circuit devices used for security access or payment systems. ... An EPC RFID tag used by Wal-Mart Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... For other uses, see Security (disambiguation). ... Security engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the security and integrity of real-world systems. ... Snapi is an assistive technology that places automatic teller machine (ATM) user preferences onto a smart card. ... It has been suggested that Virtual sim be merged into this article or section. ... A swipe card is a (typically) credit card size badge incorporating a magnetic stripe, an RFID tag, a transponder device and/or a microchip mostly used for business premises access control or electronic payment. ... For other uses of calling card, see calling card. ...

Terminology

ATR

Answer to Reset

BCD

Binary-coded decimal

CHV

Card Holder Verification

COS

Card operating system

DF

Dedicated File

IC

Integrated circuit

PC/SC

Personal computer / smart card

MF

Master File

PPS

Protocol and Parameter Select

RFU

Reserved for Future Use

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is an encoding for decimal numbers in which each digit is represented by its own binary sequence. ... PC/SC is a specification for SmartCard integration in computing environment. ...

References

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Books

• W. Rankl & W. Effing, Smart Card Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, 1997, ISBN 0-471-96720-3
• Scott B. Guthery & Timothy M. Jurgensen, SmartCard Developer's Kit, Macmillan Technical Publishing, 1998, ISBN 1-57870-027-2, http://www.scdk.com

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Smart cards

• Smart card at the Open Directory Project
• Smart Card Alliance
• OpenSC (open source smart card framework)
• The Open Card Consortium
• Malaysia MYKAD SDK