Smelts are a family, Osmeridae, of small anadromous fish. They are common in the North American Great Lakes, and run in large schools along the coastline during their spring migration to their spawning streams. The family consists of some 16 species in six genera. Image File history File links Osmerus_mordax_(line_art). ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicatas Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Orders See text The Actinopterygii are the ray-finned fish. ... Families Suborder Argeninoidei   Superfamily Argentinoidea     Argentinidae (herring smelts)     Microstomatidae     Bathylagidae (deep-sea smelts)     Opisthoproctidae (barreleyes)   Superfamily Alepocephaloidea     Leptochilichthyidae     Alepocephalidae (slickheads)     Platytroctidae     (Searsiidae) Suborder Osmeroidei   Superfamily Osmeroidea     Osmeridae (smelts)     Plecoglossidae (ayu fishes)     Salangidae (noodlefishes)     Sundasalangidae (Sundaland noodlefishes)   Superfamily Galaxoidea     Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts)     Lepidogalaxiidae (salamanderfishes)     Galaxiidae Osmeriformes is an order of... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... Species Hypomesus chishimaensis Hypomesus japonicus Hypomesus nipponensis Hypomesus olidus Hypomesus pretiosus Hypomesus transpacificus Hypomesus is a genus of smelts (Osmeridae), consisting of six species found in the northern hemisphere. ... Species Mallotus apelta Mallotus barbatus Mallotus hookerianus Mallotus paniculatus Mallotus peltatus Mallotus philippensis Mallotus repandus This article is about the plant. ... Species Spirinchus lanceolatus Spirinchus starksi Spirinchus thaleichthys Spirinchus is a genus of smelts (Osmeridae), consisting of three species. ... The candlefish, also eulachon or hooligan, is a small ocean fish, Thaleichthys pacificus, a smelt found along the northern Pacific coast of North America from Oregon to Alaska. ... Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. ... Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus: one of the most abundant species of fish in the world. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes on or near the United States-Canadian border. ...

The fish usually reach only 6 inches (15 cm) and are a food source for salmon and lake trout. It is one of the few fish that sportsmen are allowed to net, using gill nets, either along the coastline or in the streams. Some sportsmen also ice fish for smelt. Smelt are often fried and eaten whole. The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow up to 58 long and 125 pounds. ... Binomial name Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792) Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. ... A gillnet is a type of fishing net, a type of which is the driftnet (which is a drifting gillnet - i. ... Ice fishing in the Finnish Miljoonapilkki fishing competition. ...

Smelt roe is bright orange in color, and is often used to garnish sushi. In Japanese cuisine, sushi (most commonly 寿司, but also 鮨 or 鮓) is a food made of vinegared rice combined with various toppings or fillings. ...

The Boy's Own Book of Outdoor Sports (early 1900s) adds:

In the United States this fish seldom exceeds ten inches in length, and the usual size is from five to eight inches. In South America they can grow to the length of two feet, are semi-transparent, and are most delicious eating. Some of them caught by American sailors at the Straits of Magellan were thirty inches long by eight inches round the body. The smelt is exceedingly plentiful in the waters around Boston, and they are also taken in the rivers of New Jersey and the ponds of Long Island. They are of a pale green color on the back, with silvery sides, and a satin band running along the sides. They may be called a sea fish, though they run up fresh water streams in the spring to spawn. They are caught in October and November, and in the winter months by breaking holes in the ice. The tackle used for the smelt is a silk, or silk and hair line, with Limerick trout hooks Nos. 2 to 5, on single gut leaders. The sinker should be pretty heavy to overcome the tide. Shrimp bait is generally used, or small pieces of minnow or frog will answer. If you wish to fish them through a hole in the ice, take a piece of small brass wire a foot and a half long, put it through a piece of lead for a sinker, and fasten your hooks at both ends. Tie on a cotton or flax line and then drop your hooks. You can use three or four of these lines at different holes, setting them, while you are either skating or running round to keep warm. In this way you will get a fine string of smelts in a short time. Smelts will live, breed and thrive when transferred to fresh water ponds; and by some people these fresh water smelt are considered the best eating. They live a long time out of water and hence are good eating after being carried long distances. The Strait of Magellan, near Punta Arenas The Strait of Magellan is a navigable route immediately south of mainland South America. ...

Smelts were traditionally an important winter catch in the salt water mouths of rivers in New England and the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Fishermen would go to customary locations over the ice using horses and sleighs. Smelt taken out of the cold salt water were much preferred to those taken in warm water. The smelt did not command a high price on the market, but provided a useful supplemental income in times when wants were much less.The smelts were "flash frozen" simply by leaving them on the ice and then sold to fish buyers who came down the rivers on horse and sleigh. They were also an excellent winter meal. They were gutted, heads and tails removed and rinsed in cold water then dipped in flour mixed with salt and pepper and fried in butter. Served with boiled potatoes and pickled beets, they were a welcome addition to winter fare.

On the Maine coast, smelts were also a sign of spring, with the run of these small fish up tiny tidal estuaries. Many of these 'rivres' were small enough that a person could straddle the water and, leaning over, dip a bucket and get a good catch of smelt. This was a nighttime operation, and people might line up to get their time over the stream. Served with head and tail removed, salt and pepper, and often a dusting of cornmeal before frying.

Smelts are also found in the waters of Puget Sound in Washington State and in certain tributaries of the Columbia River in Washington and Oregon. They are caught by means of dip nets in the rivers, smelt rakes on the salt water shorelines or by jigging from docks and boats.

External links

• "Osmeridae". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.