Smolensk War — Polish–Russian War of 1632–1634
Smolensk Voivodeship, the territory the war was waged for.
Date fall 1632–spring 1634 Location Smolensk Voivodeship, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Result Polish victory, Treaty of Polanów
Combatants
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth	Tsardom of Russia
Commanders
Władysław IV Waza, Krzysztof Radziwiłł, Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski, Marcin Kazanowski, Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński	Mikhail Borisovich Shein
Strength
~25,000-30,000	~25,000-35,000
Casualties
unknown	~15,000

The Smolensk War (Polish-Russian 1632-1634) was a conflict fought in the years 1632-1634 between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia. A Russian force invaded the Commonwealth in an attempt to recover the city of Smolensk, but was beaten back. The resulting Treaty of Polanów confirmed Polish control over the disputed territory. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 765 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 1568 pixel, file size: 609 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) województwo smoleÅ„skie I Rzeczypospolitej A modified copy of Image:Rzeczpospolita voivodships. ... SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo SmoleÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795. ... SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo SmoleÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Treaty of Polanów (Polyanov, Eternal Treaty of Polanov) was signed in Polanów nad WiaźmÄ…, between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy on 14 June 1634 as a consequence of the Smolensk War (Polish-Muscovy War of 1632-1634) The peace treaty confirmed the pre-war status quo... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (364x601, 250 KB) Summary Herb Obojga Narodów Coat of arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth see also Image:PB PLC CoA.png Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (532x631, 153 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Московское царство or Царство Русское) was the official name for the Russian state between Ivan IVs assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 and Peter the Greats foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721. ... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt... For his father of the same name, see Krzysztof MikoÅ‚aj Piorun RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Krzysztof Piorun RadziwÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna TÄ™czyÅ„ska Consorts Anna Kiszka Children with Anna Kiszka Janusz RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth March 22, 1585 Place of Birth  ? Date... Noble Family Gosiewski Coat of Arms Korwin Parents Jan Gosiewski ? Consorts Ewa Pac Children Krzysztof Gosiewski, Mikolaj Gosiewski, Wincenty Gosiewski, Helena, Anna, Date of Birth  ? Place of Birth  ? Date of Death April, 1639 Place of Death  ? Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski (?-1639) was a Polish szlachcic. ... For other Marcin Kazanowski, see Marcin Kazanowski (?-1587) Noble Family Kazanowski Coat of Arms Grzymała Parents Mikołaj Kazanowski Katarzyna N. Consorts Katarzyna Starzycka Children Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski Date of Birth 1563/66 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death October 19, 1636 Place of Death  ? Marcin Kazanowski... Mikhail Borisovich Shein was a national hero of Muscovite Russia who was paradoxically executed for treason. ... Wars fought between Poland and Russia include: Kiev Expedition of 1018 Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars of the 16th century Livonian War (1558-1583) Polish-Muscovite War (1605–1618) Smolensk War (1632-1634) Polish-Muscovite War (1654-1667) Bar Confederation (1768–1776), Polish factional rebellion against Russia Polish-Russian War of 1792... Polish-Russian Wars Kiev Expedition â€“ Muscovite-Lithuanian â€“ Livonian â€“ 1605–18 â€“ Smolensk â€“ 1654–67 â€“ Bar Confederation â€“ 1792 â€“ KoÅ›ciuszko Uprising â€“ November Uprising â€“ January Uprising â€“ Polish-Soviet â€“ 1939 The Polish invasion of Kievan Rus (1018) known in Polish literature as Kiev Expedition (Polish: ) and in Russian as Киевский поход, was an episode in the... The Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars (Russian: , Polish: , also known as Russo-Lithuanian Wars, or just either Muscovite Wars or Lithuanian Wars) [1] were a series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, allied with the Kingdom of Poland, and Muscovite Russia. ... The Reformation reached Livonia in the 1520s. ... Combatants Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia The Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618 (also known as Polish-Russian War, although that name is also applied to several other conflicts) is the name of the series of wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia, in the background... The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the War for Ukraine, was the last major conflict between Muscovite Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The Confederation of Bar (1768–1776), a grouping of Polish szlachta, formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of Poland against the aggressions of the Russian government as represented by her representative at Warsaw, Prince Nikolai Repnin. ... War in Defense of the Constitution or Polish-Russian War of 1792 took place in 1792 between Polish-Luthuanian Commonwealth on one side, and the Russian Empire on the other. ... KoÅ›ciuszko Uprising 1794 The KoÅ›ciuszko Uprising took place in Poland in 1794. ... Coat-of-arms of the November Uprising. ... Polonia (Poland), 1863, by Jan Matejko, 1864, oil on canvas, 156 × 232 cm, National Museum, Kraków. ... Combatants Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Republic of Poland Ukrainian Peoples Republic Commanders Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Józef PiÅ‚sudski Edward Rydz-ÅšmigÅ‚y Strength 950,000 combatants 5,000,000 reserves 360,000 combatants 738,000 reserves Casualties Dead estimated at 100,000... Red Army invades Poland: 17th September 1939. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Московское царство or Царство Русское) was the official name for the Russian state between Ivan IVs assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 and Peter the Greats foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721. ... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ... Treaty of Polanów (Polyanov, Eternal Treaty of Polanov) was signed in Polanów nad WiaźmÄ…, between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy on 14 June 1634 as a consequence of the Smolensk War (Polish-Muscovy War of 1632-1634) The peace treaty confirmed the pre-war status quo...

Background

In 1632 the king of Poland, Zygmunt III Waza, died. Although the Commonwealth nobility had quickly elected a new king, Władysław IV Waza (son of Zygmunt) to the throne, Polish neighbours, expecting it to be weakened (and the election to take longer), decided to take advantage of the situation. Swedish king Gustav II Adolph sent envoys to Polish common enemies, Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire, proposing an alliance and a war against the Commonwealth.^[1] At the same time, Commonwealth was not ready for war. In 1631 the royal army was barely 3,000 strong; the Smolensk garrison was about 500 strong; most garrisons in that area were composed not of the regular or mercenary army, but of local volunteers and numbered 100-200 soldiers.^[2] Because there were signs that Muscovy was preparing for war, in the spring of 1632 Sejm decided to increase the army by recruiting an additional 4,500 soldiers, but by mid-1632 the deputy voivode (podwojewoda) of Smoleńsk, Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński, had about 500 volunteers from pospolite ruszenie and 2,500 regular army soldiers and Cossacks.^[2] In May the Senate agreed to increase the size of the army, but Grand Lithuanian Hetman Lew Sapieha objected, arguing that the current forces were enough and that war was not that likely; the Field Lithuanian Hetman Krzysztof Radziwiłł nonetheless recruited 2,000 soldiers.^[3] Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland... StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669). ... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt... This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union up until the present time. ... Gustav II Adolph Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... Wojsko kwarciane (quarter army) was the term used for regular army units of Poland (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with levée en masse. ... The Polish Senate The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament. ... The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. ... Lew Sapieha (1557-1633) (Lithuanian: Leu Sapega). ... The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. ... For his father of the same name, see Krzysztof MikoÅ‚aj Piorun RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Krzysztof Piorun RadziwÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna TÄ™czyÅ„ska Consorts Anna Kiszka Children with Anna Kiszka Janusz RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth March 22, 1585 Place of Birth  ? Date...

After recovering to a certain extent from the Time of Troubles, Russia, also expecting the Commonwealth to be weakened by the death of its king, launched the war without waiting for an alliance with Sweden or the Ottomans. The aim was to gain control of the key city of Smolensk which it ceded to the Commonwealth in 1618 at the Truce of Deulino, ending the Polish-Muscovite War war.^[1] Smolensk was often contested and changed hands many times in the course of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, since the days of the Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars; in the 1630s it was the capital of the Smoleńsk Voivodeship in the Commonwealth. A major supporter of the war was Tsar's father, Patriarch Filaret^[4], who had a passionate hatred for the Poles.^[5] Inspired by the Zemsky Sobor call for vengeance and reclamation of lost lands, the Russian army sallied west.^[6] The Time of Troubles (Russian: Смутное время, Smutnoye Vremya) was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last of the Moscow Rurikids, Tsar Feodor Ivanovich in 1598 and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. ... A view of Smolensk in 1912. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Truce of Deulino (also known as Peace or Treaty of Dywilino), was signed in December 1618 and concluded the Dymitriad wars (also known as Polish-Muscovy War of 1605-1618) between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy. ... Combatants Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia The Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618 (also known as Polish-Russian War, although that name is also applied to several other conflicts) is the name of the series of wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia, in the background... The Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars (Russian: , Polish: , also known as Russo-Lithuanian Wars, or just either Muscovite Wars or Lithuanian Wars) [1] were a series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, allied with the Kingdom of Poland, and Muscovite Russia. ... Coat of Arms SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo SmoleÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795. ... Feodor Nikitich Romanov (1553-1633) was a Russian boyar who after temporary disgrace raised to become patriarch of Moscow and de-facto ruler of Russia during the reign of his son, Mikhail Feodorovich. ... The zemsky sobor (Russian: зе́мский собо́р) was the first Russian parliament of the feudal Estates type, in the 16th and 17th centuries. ...

The war

A large Russian army was carefully prepared under Mikhail Borisovich Shein, who had previously defended the fortress during the 1609-1611 siege. His army took several towns and castles on the Lithuanian-Russian border, beginning the hostilities in early October 1632; then moved to begin the siege of Smolensk itself on 28 October;^[3][4][1][7] the same day Dorogobuzh was taken.^[3] In July 1633 the Russians took Polatsk, later Wieliź, Uświat and Ozierzyszcze.^[7] Mikhail Borisovich Shein was a national hero of Muscovite Russia who was paradoxically executed for treason. ... Combatants Poland Lithuania Russia Commanders King Sigismund III Vasa Mikhail Borisovich Shein Strength 22,000 soldiers 30 heavy guns 5,000 soldiers 200 heavy guns Casualties  ?  ? The Siege of Smolensk, known as the Smolensk Defense in Russia (Смоленская оборона in Russian) lasted 20 months between September of 1609 and June of 1611... Combatants Poland Lithuania Russia Commanders Samuel Drucki-SokoliÅ„ski Mikhail Borisovich Shein Strength ~3,000 soldiers 170 artillery pieces ~25,000-35,000 soldiers 160 artillery pieces Casualties Unknown ~15,000 The Siege of Smolensk lasted almost a year between 28 October of 1609 and 4 October of 1611, when... Dorogobuzh (Russian: Дорогобуж) is a historic town straddling the Dnieper River in the Smolensk Oblast of Russia, 125 km to the east of Smolensk and 71 km west of Vyazma. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк, also spelt as Polacak; Polish: PoÅ‚ock; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river. ...

Estimates of the Russian army range from 25,000^[1], 30,000^[8] to 34,500^[4][9] and 160 artillery pieces.^[1] The Commonwealth forces were composed of the Smolensk garrison, about 1,600 men with 170 artillery pieces, under command of Voivode of Smolensk, Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski.^[1] The garrison was also strengthened by the local nobility,^[1] which formed a pospolite ruszenie force of about 1,500. The Smolensk fortifications had also been recently improved^[1] with Italian-style bastions.^[9] Coat of Arms SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship SmoleÅ„sk Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo SmoleÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795. ... Noble Family Gosiewski Coat of Arms Korwin Parents Jan Gosiewski ? Consorts Ewa Pac Children Krzysztof Gosiewski, Mikolaj Gosiewski, Wincenty Gosiewski, Helena, Anna, Date of Birth  ? Place of Birth  ? Date of Death April, 1639 Place of Death  ? Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski (?-1639) was a Polish szlachcic. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with levée en masse. ... Categories: Stub | Fortification ...

Shein's army represented a significantly changed formation compared to the older traditional Russian armies.^[9] Dissatisfied with the streltsy formation, the handgun equipped infantry, the Russians decided to form more Western formations, with foreign officers who oversaw their equipment and training.^[9] Black notes that eight such regiments, with 14,000-17,000 men - at least half of the Russian army - formed part of the Shein's army.^[9] Shein constructed field fortications around the fortress to help the siege.^[1] Using tunnels and mines, he managed to damage one of the towers and long section of the wall.^[7] The Russian heavy artillery, mostly of foreign (Western) production^[7], reached Smolensk in December 1632, with even heavier guns arriving in March 1633.^[4] After an artillery bombardment ordered an assault, which was however repulsed by the Polish defenders.^[1] Nonetheless the siege was progressing, fortifications were damaged, defenders suffered heavy casualties and were running out of supplies.^[10] In June some soldiers started to desert, and others talked of surrender.^[11] It has been suggested that Streltsy Department be merged into this article or section. ... A Browning 9 millimeter Hi-Power Ordnance pistol of the French Navy, 19th century, using a Percussion cap mechanism Derringers were small and easily hidden. ...

The city, commanded by deputy voivode Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński,^[12] held out for the following year while the Commonwealth, under its newly elected king Wladislaus IV, organised a relief force. The Sejm has been informed about the invasion by 30 October the previous year.^[13] and the Senate and the King had discussed organizing the relief force since November; but they had to wait until the Polish parliament - the Sejm - in spring 1633 officially sanctioned declaration of the war and provided for a very generous taxes for the army (6,5 million zlotys, the highest ever contribution during the entire Władysław's reign).^[14] The recruited army would have the effective strengh of about 21,500 and included: 24 chorągiews of Winged Hussars (~3200 horses), 27 chorągiews of light cavalry (also known as cossack cavalry, but not composed of Cossacks - 3,600 horses), 10 squadrons of raitars (~1,700 horses), 7 Lithuanian petyhor regiments (~780 horses), 7 large regiments of dragoons (~2250 horses), ~20 regiments of infantry (~12,000 men)^[10] Over 10,000 of the infantry would be organized based on the Western formations, previously not commonly used in Commonwealth army.^[8] Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 16351 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Cecylia Renata Ludwika Maria Gonzaga Children with Cecylia Renata Zygmunt... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... Złoty. ... ChorÄ…giew pancerna of rotmistrz Józef Hulewicz painted by Wojciech Kossak. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ... Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Ottoman Empire. ... It appears that a raitar is a type of cavalry. ... A light dragoon from the American Revolution A dragoon is a soldier trained to fight on foot, but transport himself on horseback. ...

In the meantime, Field Hetman of Lithuania and Voivode of Vilnius, Krzysztof Radziwiłł and voivode Gosiewski set up a camp about 30 kilometers from Smolensk (moving from Orsha to Bajów and later, Krasne). By February 1633 they had about 4,500 soldiers (including over 2,000 infantry) and constantly raided the rear of the Muscovite army, disrupting its logistics.^[12] Hetman Radziwiłł also managed to breake through the Muscovite lines on several occasions, breaking through Russian lines, bringing about 1,000 soldiers and supplies to reinforce the fortress, raising the defenders morale.^[1][7][10] The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. ... Map showing voivodeships of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... For his father of the same name, see Krzysztof MikoÅ‚aj Piorun RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Noble Family RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Coat of Arms TrÄ…by Parents Krzysztof Piorun RadziwÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna TÄ™czyÅ„ska Consorts Anna Kiszka Children with Anna Kiszka Janusz RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Katarzyna RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Date of Birth March 22, 1585 Place of Birth  ? Date... Orsha (Belarusian: Во́рша; Russian: О́рша; Polish: Orsza) is a city in Belarus, an important railway node along the Minsk–Moscow line. ... Krásné is name of several locations in the Czech Republic: Krásné, a village in Pardubice Region (Chrudim District) Category: ...

Finally, the relief force, numbering about 25,000,^[1][8] (Jasienica gives 20,000 Polish-Lithuanian army and 20,000 Cossacks^[7]) led personally by the king, finally arrived near Smolensk; they reached Orsha on 17 August 1633.^[15] By first days of September the relief forces, approaching Smolensk, numbered around 14,000; the Muscovy army, recently reinforced, numbered 25,000.^[16] It would be only when the Cossack reinforcements, numbering between 10,000 to 20,000, arrived on 17 September, led by Tymosz (Timofiy) Orendarenko, that the Commonwealth army would gain numerical superiority.^[16][17] The Cossacks under Orendarenko and Marcin Kazanowski would take over raiding the Muscovy rear lines, which freed all elements of the Polish-Lithuanian army to engage the Muscovy force and break the siege.^[18] Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Ottoman Empire. ... For other Marcin Kazanowski, see Marcin Kazanowski (?-1587) Noble Family Kazanowski Coat of Arms Grzymała Parents Mikołaj Kazanowski Katarzyna N. Consorts Katarzyna Starzycka Children Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski Date of Birth 1563/66 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death October 19, 1636 Place of Death  ? Marcin Kazanowski...

Surrender of Mikhail Shein at Smolensk. Author unknown.

Władysław's brother, Jan Kazimierz, commanded one of the regiments in the relief army.^[8] Another notable commander was the Field Crown Hetman, Marcin Kazanowski.^[19] Polish king Władysław IV, a great supporter of modernization of Commonwealth army, proved to be a good tactician, and his innovative tactics in use of artillery and fortifications - based also on the Western ideas - greatly contributed to the Polish-Lithuanian victory.^[1][8] He replaced the old arquebusiers with musketeers, and standarized the Commonwealth artillery (introducing 3 to 6 pounder regimental guns), both to great effect.^[9] Polish cavalry, including the Winged Hussars, significantly restricted the Russian mobility, forcing them to stay within their trenches.^[4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna Teresa... Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... For other Marcin Kazanowski, see Marcin Kazanowski (?-1587) Noble Family Kazanowski Coat of Arms Grzymała Parents Mikołaj Kazanowski Katarzyna N. Consorts Katarzyna Starzycka Children Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski Date of Birth 1563/66 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death October 19, 1636 Place of Death  ? Marcin Kazanowski... Japanese arquebus of the Edo era (teppō) Example of an arquebus The arquebus (sometimes spelled harquebus, harkbus[1] or hackbut; from Dutch haakbus, meaning hook gun[2]) was a primitive firearm used in the 15th to 17th centuries. ... A musket is a muzzle-loaded, smooth-bore long gun. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ...

In the meantime, several other towns and fortresses in the region were the site of smaller battles. The Muscovy forces managed to take several important points in 1632, but they paid the price of having delayed the arrival of their main forces and artillery to Smolensk, a delay which might have cost them the siege - and the war.^[20] In 1633, the Polish forces repulsed attacks on Vitebsk and Mstsislaw; heavy fights took place in Polotsk where Muscovites managed to take the city and part of the fortress.^[21] The Polish forces lied siege to Putyvl, but due to desertion of Cossack forces they were forced to withdraw.^[22] In fall, the Commonwealth forces retook Dorogobuzh, talking another Muscovite supply magazine and wrecking Muscovite plans to sent reinforcements to Shein's army;^[23] although in any case Muscovites would begun to form an army - 5,000 strong - for that purpose only in January 1634.^[24] Coat of arms of Vitebsk. ... Mstsislaw (pronounce: ; Belarusian: ,  ; Russian: ; Polish: ) is a town in Mahilyow Voblast, Eastern Belarus. ... Polatsk (Belarusian: По́лацак, По́лацк; Polish: Połock, also spelt as Polacak; Russian: По́лоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock) is the most historic city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina... Putyvl or Putivl (Russian: ; Ukrainian: ) is an ancient town in north-east Ukraine, in Sumy Oblast. ... Dorogobuzh (Russian: Дорогобуж) is a historic town straddling the Dnieper River in the Smolensk Oblast of Russia, 125 km to the east of Smolensk and 71 km west of Vyazma. ...

At Smolensk, in a series of fierce engagements, with Commonwealth forces slowly taking over Muscovite field fortifications, the Muscovites were first forced to break their siege of Smolensk by late September;^[8] on 28 September the Commonwealth forces took the Muscovites main supply magazines.^[25] By 4 October the siege of Smolensk was lifted, with Muscovites retreating to their main camp, which was in turn surrounded by forces of the Commonwealth in mid-October.^[1][25] The surrounded Russians waited for relief but none arrived, as Commonwealth and Cossack cavalry was sent to disrupt Russian rear and logistics.^[8] Some historians also note dissent and internal conflicts in the Russian camp, as responsible for their inaction and ineffectiveness (Jasienica blames the Russian warlords,^[7]; Parker - foreign mercenaries^[26]). Due to the Tatar invasion threatening south Russian borderlands, many soldiers and boyars fromthat regions deserted the Russian camp, choosing to protect their homeland instead of besieging Smolensk.^[7] Foreign mercenaries in turn deserted to the Polish camp.^[27] Shein started negotiations about surrender in January; by February the were in full swing.^[28] Finally the Muscovites signed the capitulation treaty on 25 February 1634^[8][1][28]; on 1 March they left their camp^[28] (some schoolars, ex. Rickard and Black, simplify that and give the date 1 March for Steins capitulation).^[4][9] The Muscovites had to leave most of their artillery, but were allowed to take their banners (after a ceremony in which they were laid before king Władysław; they had to promise not to engage Commonwealth forces for the next three months.^[28] The Muscovite army numbered 12,000 at the capitulation, but over 4,000 - including most foreign troops - decided to immediately defect to the Commonwealth.^[29] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A boyar (also spelled bojar) or bolyarin was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Russian, Romanian and Bulgarian aristocracy, second only to the ruling princes, from the tenth through the seventeenth century. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement...

After the fall of Smolensk, the Commonwealth army moved towards Biała, arriving in its vicinity in late March, but the siege was not successful.^[30] However the Polish forces took Vyazma.^[31] BiaÅ‚y is a Polish word for white. ... Vyazma (Russian: ) is a town in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyazma River, about halfway between Smolensk and Mozhaysk, at , . Throughout its turbulent history, the city defended western approaches to the city of Moscow. ...

Also in fall, Grand Crown Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski defeated an Ottoman incursion in the south of the Commonwealth; his force would then be free to lie siege to Muscovy's Sevsk; his force failed to take the fortress but tied large Muscovy forces, preventing them from moving north towards Smolensk.^[32] Hetman StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Koniecpolski Coat of Arms Pobóg Parents Aleksander Koniecpolski Anna Sroczycka Consorts Katarzyna Żółkiewska (1615) Krystyna Lubomirska (1619) Zofia OpaliÅ„ska (1656) Children Aleksander Koniecpolski Date of Birth 1590/1594 Place of Birth Koniecpol Date of Death March 11, 1646 Place of Death Brody StanisÅ‚aw Koniecpolski, (1590... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sevsk (Севск in Russian) is a small town in the Bryansk Oblast in Russia, located on the Sev River (Dnieper basin) 142 km away from Bryansk. ...

Aftermath

King Władysław IV on Horseback Near Smoleńsk after Seizing the Smolensk Fortress. Painting by Jan Matejko, lost during the Second World War.

Both sides used new tactics, units and equipment, based on the Western models; albeit Polish forces proved more experienced and organised than the Russian ones.^[9] However the main factors preventing Russians from taking Smolensk was the delay in bringing siege artillery, and superiority and mobility of Polish cavalry disrupting Russian logistics.^[9] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

The Russians had not only lost Shein's army, but were now threatened by the Tatar raids, which ravaged south Russia.^[7][9] Patriarch Filaret died in 1633, and without him, fervor for the war lessened;^[4] as early as in late 1633 tsar Michael of Russia was considering how to end the conflict.^[7] King Władysław wanted either to continue the war and reclaim the Russian throne (he was once elected tsar of Russia) or ally with the Russians and strike against the Swedes (Polish-Swedish Treaty of Altmark would be soon expiring), but the Sejm - representative of the Polish nobility - was not interested in further warfare.^[7] As bishop of Płock, Stanisław Łubieński, wrote two weeks after Shein's capitulation: "Our happiness is in remaining within our borders, guaranteeing health and well-being".^[7] Hence, both sides began negotiations not for an armistice, but for "eternal peace".^[7] Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... “Michael Romanov” redirects here. ... The six-year Truce of Altmark (or Treaty of Stary Targ) was signed on September 25, 1629 at the Altmarkt (Stary Targ), near Danzig (GdaÅ„sk) by Sweden and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during Thirty Years War. ... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... StanisÅ‚aw ŁubieÅ„ski (1573-16 April 1640) of Pomian Coat of Arms was a Polish noble, politician and bishop. ... A white flag is traditionally used to represent a truce. ...

The negotiations begun on 30 April^[33] and the war ended soon afterwards with the Treaty of Polanów signed in May of 1634. The peace treaty confirmed the pre-war status quo, with Russia paying a large war indemnity (20,000 rubles in gold), while Władysław IV agreed to surrender his claim to the Russian throne and return the royal insignia to Moscow.^[1][8][7] Jasienica notes that likely for the Russian Empire, the Władysław's rejection of the claim was more important - in terms of great increase of stability within the Russian realm - than the loss of some disputed border territory, and as such, despite not being able to score a military victory, Russians might have managed to score a diplomatic one.^[7] Other authors, such as Hellie, agree on the importance of the Polish rejections of claims to the Muscovite throne.^[5] Władysław, despite holding an upper hand, was trying to bring the Muscovites into an anti-Sweden alliance; hence in a gesture of goodwill he agreed to give the Muscovites the border town of Serpeysk and nearby territories; however that alliance never came through, due to later objections from the Polish Sejm (not willing to fight Sweden after the Treaty of Sztumska Wieś, and neither the Muscovites saw no benefit in such an alliance).^[34] Treaty of Polanów (Polyanov, Eternal Treaty of Polanov) was signed in Polanów nad WiaźmÄ…, between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy on 14 June 1634 as a consequence of the Smolensk War (Polish-Muscovy War of 1632-1634) The peace treaty confirmed the pre-war status quo... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... The term status quo ante bellum comes from Latin meaning literally, as things were before the war. ... War reparations refer to the monetary compensation intended to cover damage or injury during a war. ... ISO 4217 Code RUB User(s) Russia and self-proclaimed Abkhazia and South Ossetia Inflation 7% Source Rosstat, 2007 Subunit 1/100 kopek (копейка) Symbol руб kopek (копейка) к Plural The language(s) of this currency is of the Slavic languages. ... Serpeysk (Russian: Серпейск) is a village on the Serpeyka River in Meshchovsk District, Kaluga Oblast, Russia. ... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... Treaty of Sztumska WieÅ›, wall painting from Kielce castle. ...

Mikhail Shein was unjustly accused of treason, made a scapegoat of the campaign and together with his second-in-command executed in Moscow on April 28, 1634.^[6][4][5] Mikhail Borisovich Shein was a national hero of Muscovite Russia who was paradoxically executed for treason. ...

At the same time the Commonwealth scored a victory in the south ending a war against the Ottomans.^[31] Those victories ended the almost unbroken series of wars between the Commonwealth and its neighbours which took place since the start of the 17th century. The 14 years of peace that followed were arguably the most prosperous in Commonwealth's history. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

See also

• Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)
• Russo-Polish War 1654-1667

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Russo-Polish War of 1654-1667, also called the War for Ukraine, was the last major conflict between Muscovite Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...

External links

• Rickard, J (26 July 2007), Smolensk War, 1632-1634
• (Russian) Волков В.А. "Смоленская война (1632-1634 гг.)"

References

Józef Andrzej Gierowski (1922-2006), was a Polish historian, professor and rector of the Jagiellonian University. ... Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, until 1991 Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951. ... Norman Davies, Warsaw (Poland), October 7, 2004 Norman Davies (born June 8, 1939 in Bolton, Lancashire) is an English historian of Welsh descent, noted for his publications on the history of Poland, Europe and the British Isles. ... Gods Playground is a book about history of Poland written by Norman Davies. ... Paweł Jasienica was the pen-name of Leon Lech Beynar (November 10, 1909 – August 19, 1970), a Polish amateur historian, journalist, writer, soldier. ... A cover of Rzeczpospolita Rzeczpospolita ( ) is one of Polands large nationwide daily newspapers, with a circulation of 260-270,000 and an estimated readership of 1. ... Antoni Czubiński (b. ... Jerzy Topolski (1928-1998) was a Polish historian. ...

Further reading

• Mirosław Nagielski, Diariusz kampanii smoleńskiej Władysława IV 1633-1634, DiG, 2006, ISBN 8371814100
• Dariusz Kupisz, Smoleńsk 1632-1634, Bellona, 2001, ISBN 8311092826