Portioned snus of the Granit label. Snus (pronounced /ˈsnʉːs/) is a moist powder tobacco product that is consumed by placing it under the upper lip for extended periods of time. It is used in a manner similar to American dipping tobacco, but typically does not result in the need for spitting. Snus is also unique in that it is steam-cured rather than fire-cured, is not fermented and contains no added sugar. Snus is manufactured and consumed primarily in Sweden and Norway. A version has recently been introduced into the United States and is being test-marketed by two major American tobacco companies as well as one Swedish company. Image File history File linksMetadata Snusgranit. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Snusgranit. ...
Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ...
Four tins of dipping tobacco: Skoal Straight, Skoal Long Cut Mint, Copenhagen Straight, and Copenhagen Long Cut. ...
Types
There are two main types of snus on the market: - originalsnus or lössnus is a loose, moist powder which can be portioned and rolled into a cylindrical or spherical shape with the fingertips or snus portioner. The end result is often referred to as a pris (pinch) or prilla or prell (slang for pris).
- portionssnus, is prepackaged powder in small bags made from the same material as teabags. It comes in smaller quantities than the loose powder but is considered easier to handle (and expectorate) than the loose powder.
Swedish snus is made from air dried tobacco from various parts of the world. In earlier times tobacco for making snus used to be laid out for drying in Scania and Mälardalen. Later Kentucky tobaccos were used. The ground tobacco is mixed with water, salt, sodium carbonate and aroma and is prepared through heating, generally via steam. Moist snus contain more than 50% water, and the average use of snus in Sweden is approximately 800 grams (16 units) per person each year. 12% (1,1 million people) of the population in Sweden uses snus[1] Like American-sold oral tobacco, snus goes through a fermentation process. Scania (SkÃ¥ne in Swedish ) is a geographical region of Sweden on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a historical province (landskap)[1] of the Kingdom of Sweden, since 1997 a county (Län) of Sweden, before 1658 part of the Kingdom of Denmark. ...
Mälardalen (Swedish, literally the Lake Mälaren Valley) is the easternmost part of Svealand. ...
Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area Ranked 37th - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²) - Width 140 miles (225 km) - Length 379 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ...
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ...
For other uses, see Fermentation. ...
Snus is sold mainly in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, and is being trialed in South Africa and the United States. It can be found in various places frequented by Scandinavian tourists like Murmansk in Russia (with the notable exception of countries in the EU; see below). It is sold in small tins, which in the earlier years were made of porcelain, wood, silver or gold. At the time of writing, portioned snus usually comes in plastic tins of 24g, while loose snus is mostly sold in compressed paper tins with plastic lids, at 50g. For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ...
Murmansk coin Murmansk (Russian: ; Finnish: (archaic); Northern Sami: ; Skolt Sami: ) is a city in the extreme northwest part of Russia with a seaport on the Kola Bay, 12 km from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russias borders with Norway and...
“Fine China†redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the chemical element. ...
GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...
Portioned snus is most commonly sold in three different variants, namely mini, normal and maxi/large. The weights may vary, but the most sold snus labels share their weight. Mini portions weigh 0.5g, with 20 pieces per tin. Normal - or standard - portions weigh 1g, with 24 portions per tin, and maxi portions weigh 1.7g, with 17 pieces per tin.
The price for the 50g product is approximately €3-€4 in Sweden and €7.50 in Norway as Norwegian taxes are higher.
The total production of Swedish snus, mainly for the Scandinavian market, has been reported to be in excess of 300 million units per year.[citation needed] After the Norwegian government in June 2004 implemented a strict indoor smoking ban in public places, sales of snus sky-rocketed and several new variants of the product were put on the Norwegian market.[citation needed] When the Swedish government did the same thing in June 2005, sales of snus also increased dramatically. This product is classified as a legal drug in Sweden.[citation needed]
Usage and storage The most usual way to consume snus is to place it beneath the upper lip, and keep it there for a time varying from a few minutes to several hours, which varies greatly from person to person. Snus should be stored refrigerated to minimize the formation of nitrosamines. Many users report that cold snus is subjectively better than warm snus. Structure of the nitrosamino group Nitrosamines are chemical compounds of the chemical structure R1N(-R2)-N=O, some of which are carcinogenic. ...
Health consequences Since snus is not intended nor recommended for inhalation, it does not affect the lungs as cigarettes do, although it does contain more nicotine than cigarettes. Because it is steam-cured, rather than fire-cured like smoking tobacco or other chewing tobacco, it contains lower concentrations of nitrosamines and other carcinogens that form from the partially anaerobic heating of proteins; 2.8 parts per mil for Ettan brand compared to as high as 127.9 parts per mil in American brands, according to a study by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Health. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges that Swedish men have the lowest rate of lung cancer in Europe, partly due to the low tobacco smoking rate, but does not argue for substituting snus for smoking, citing that the effects of snus still remain unclear. Since the level of carcinogens in snus is not zero, however, it still poses some increased risk for oral cancer. Human respiratory system The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ...
Two unlit filtered cigarettes. ...
This article is about the chemical compound. ...
Structure of the nitrosamino group Nitrosamines are chemical compounds of the chemical structure R1N(-R2)-N=O, some of which are carcinogenic. ...
WHO redirects here. ...
Lung cancer is the malignant transformation and expansion of lung tissue, and is the most lethal of all cancers worldwide, responsible for 1. ...
The cigarette is the most common method of smoking tobacco. ...
Oral cancer is any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. ...
The European Union banned the sale of snus in 1992, after a 1985 WHO study concluded that "oral use of snuffs of the types used in North America and western Europe is carcinogenic to humans", but a WHO committee on tobacco has also acknowledged that evidence is inconclusive regarding health consequences for snus consumers. Only Sweden and EFTA-member Norway are exempt from this ban. A popular movement during the run-up to the 1994 referendum for Sweden's EU membership made exemption from the EU criminalization of snus a condition of the membership treaty. This may be due to taxation reasons. The hazard symbol for carcinogenic chemicals in the Globally Harmonized System. ...
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ...
Recent actions by many European governments to limit the use of cigarettes has led to calls to lift the ban on snus, as it is generally considered to be less harmful than cigarette smoke, both to the user and to others.
Debate among public health researchers There is some debate among public health researchers over the use of "safer" tobacco or nicotine delivery systems, generally dividing along two lines of thought. Most researchers presently are of the "abstinence" belief, believing that no form of tobacco or nicotine use is acceptable or safe, and should be minimized among the population. A minority (primarily in the European Union and Canada) believes in "harm reduction," where the belief is generally that, while it should remain a goal to reduce addiction to nicotine in the population as a whole, the reduction of harm to the health of those who choose to use nicotine should override the need to reduce overall nicotine addiction. For example, some research[2] available today shows that snus use reduces or eliminates the risk of cancers that afflict other users of tobacco products such as "chewing tobacco" (the type primarily used in the United States and Canada, created in a process similar to cigarette tobacco) and cigarettes. It is hypothesized that the widespread use of snus by Swedish men (estimated at 30% of Swedish male ex-smokers, possibly because it is much cheaper than cigarettes), displacing tobacco smoking and other varieties of snuff, is responsible for the incidence of tobacco-related mortality in men being significantly lower in Sweden than any other European country; in contrast, since women are much less likely to use snus, their rate of tobacco-related deaths in Sweden is similar to that in other European countries. There is an increase in the prevalence of hypertension in snus users, so the health effects are not all positive, however.[citation needed] Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ...
Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. ...
Harm reduction is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices. ...
Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product. ...
For other forms of hypertension, see Hypertension (disambiguation). ...
Snus may be less harmful than other tobacco products; according to Kenneth Warner, director of the University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network,
- "The Swedish government has studied this stuff to death, and to date, there is no compelling evidence that it has any adverse health consequences. ... Whatever they eventually find out, it is dramatically less dangerous than smoking." [3]
Opponents of snus sales maintain that, nevertheless, even the low nitrosamine levels in snus cannot be completely risk free, but snus proponents point out that inasmuch as snus is used as a substitute for smoking or a means to quit smoking, the net overall effect is positive, similar to the effect of nicotine patches, for instance.
In addition, rather obviously, this eliminates any exposure to second-hand smoke, further reducing possible harm to other non-tobacco users. This is seen by public health advocates who believe in "harm reduction" as a reason for recommending snus in addition to other nicotine replacement therapies rather than continued use of cancer-causing nicotine delivery systems. Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. ...
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the use of various forms of nicotine delivery methods intended to replace nicotine obtained from smoking or other tobacco usage. ...
This does not, however, eliminate any harm to health caused by the nicotine itself. Current research focuses on possible long-term effects on blood pressure, and possible risk of cancer of the pancreas due to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNAs are the only component of tobacco shown to induce pancreatic cancer in laboratory animals (Rivenson et al. 1988). Nicotine may also exacerbate pancreatic illness, because nicotine stimulates the gastrointestinal tract's production of cholecystokinin, which stimulates pancreatic growth and may be implicated in pancreatic cancer. Thus far the evidence specifically implicating snus in pancreatic cancer is only suggestive. [4]. It should also be noted that the probability of developing pancreatic cancer from cigarettes is higher than the suggested chance of developing pancreatic cancer from snus.[citation needed] A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring arterial pressure. ...
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine systems of vertebrates. ...
Gut redirects here. ...
Cholecystokinin (from Greek chole, bile; cysto, sac; kinin, move; hence, move the bile-sac (gall bladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. ...
Published peer-reviewed studies
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes - Influence of smoking and snus on the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes amongst men: the northern Sweden MONICA study, August 2004 (abstract - full text by subscription only)
Cancer - Juhua Luo MSc, Weimin Ye MD, Kazem Zendehdel MD, Johanna Adami MD, Prof Hans-Olov Adami MD, Prof Paolo Boffetta MD and Prof Olof Nyrén MD Oral use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) and risk for cancer of the mouth, lung, and pancreas in male construction workers: a retrospective cohort study The Lancet, Volume 369, Issue 9578, Pages 2015-2020 (abstract - full text by subscription only)
Tobacco control - Role of snus (oral moist snuff) in smoking cessation and smoking reduction in Sweden Hans Gilljam & M. Rosaria Galanti, September 2003 (abstract - full text by subscription only)
- Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers, Brad Rodu & William T. Godshall, December 2006 Harm Reduction Journal
Medical community discussions and reports - Kjell Asplund. Snuffing, Smoking and the risk for heart disease and other vascular diseases. 3rd revised version. ASH Britain; 2002 (full text)
- The 3rd (2002) International Conference on Smokeless Tobacco - Daily Media Summaries from the U.S. National Cancer Institute
- Discussion of Declining smoking in Sweden: is Swedish Match getting the credit for Swedish tobacco control’s efforts?; Tobacco control (BMJ). 2003.
- Some practical points on harm reduction: what to tell your lawmaker and what to tell your brother about Swedish snus, Tobacco Control Online, December, 2003
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the United States Federal governments National Institutes of Health. ...
General media articles
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Discussion Eudoxa AB is a Swedish think tank, formed in 2000. ...
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