Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs
Leader	Dr. Alfred Gusenbauer
Founded	December 30, 1888
Headquarters	Löwelstraße 18 A-1014 Vienna
Political Ideology	Social Democracy and Democratic Socialism [1]
Political position	Centre-left
International Affiliation	Socialist International
European Affiliation	Party of European Socialists
European Parliament Group	PES
Colours	Red
Website	http://www.spoe.at
See also	Politics of Austria Political parties Elections Image File history File links Sp-bundKopie. ... Alfred Gusenbauer (born February 8, 1960) has been the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) since 2000. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... Democratic socialism advocates socialism as a basis for the economy and democracy as a governing principle. ... In politics, the term centre-left is commonly used to describe and denote political parties or organisations that stretch from the centre to the left or are moderately left-wing, as opposed to extreme left wing beliefs such as communism. ... The official symbol of Socialist International. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Politics of Austria takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Chancellor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Elections in Austria gives information on election and election results in Austria. ...

The Social Democratic Party of Austria (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is one of the oldest parties in Austria. The SPÖ is one of the major parties in Austria and has particularly strong ties to labor unions and the Austrian Chamber of Labour (Arbeiterkammer). The SPÖ is among the few mainstream European social democratic parties that have preserved their strongly leftist roots and reject neoliberalism. A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... The Chamber of Labour (de: Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte, shortform Arbeiterkammer or AK), is an organisation that represents the interests of 3 million Austrian employees and consumers. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... “Leftism” redirects here. ... For the school of international relations, see Neoliberalism (international relations). ...

History

From the beginnings until 1918

Socialist worker movements and associations had already started to form in Austria by the mid-19th century. The party's first meeting took place in 1874 in Neudörfl in Burgenland. In the following years there was factional infighting and the party split into moderate and anarchistic factions. It was united in 1889 as Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ), especially through the work of Doctor Victor Adler. At the party congress in Hainfeld, the party decided to accept Adler's “Prinzipienerklärung” (Declaration of Principles). December 30, 1888 to January 1, 1889 is therefore considered the founding date. On July 12, 1889 the first issue of the party newspaper the Arbeiter-Zeitung was printed. The party was initially close to Marxism and continued to grow especially in Vienna, the industrial areas of Bohemia, Moravia, Styria, Lower- and Upper Austria. Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Neudörfl is a town in the district of Mattersburg in Burgenland in Austria. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. ... “Moderates” redirects here. ... Anarchist redirects here. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Memorial to Victor Adler, Vienna Victor Adler (June 24, 1852 Prague – November 11, 1918 Vienna) was an Austrian Social Democratic leader. ... Hainfeld is a town in the district of Lilienfeld in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Arbeiter Zeitung was the official news organ of the National Socialist German Workers Party. ... Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Flag of Moravia Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava; German: ; Hungarian: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in the east of the Czech RepublicCzechia. ... “Styria” redirects here. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

The party participated in the founding of the Second International in Paris on July 14, 1889. The party campaigned for more rights for workers including their right to vote. In the Brünner Programm of September 1899, the Socialists demanded that the Austro-Hungarian Empire be reformed into a democratic, federal state. The phrase Second International has two meanings: For the international association of socialist parties of the late 19th century, see Second International (politics) and a successor organization, the Socialist International For one of the Merriam-Webster dictionaries of American English, see Websters New International Dictionary, Second Edition This is... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Suffrage is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ...

The Socialists were allowed to run in the City Council (Gemeinderat) elections of Vienna on May 30, 1890. However suffrage was only granted after a general strike in 1907. In the elections to the House of Deputies in the Reichsrat, the Socialists were able to win many votes. Out of a total of 516 seats, the party won 87 seats, becoming second strongest fraction in parliament after the Christian Social Party. Eventually by 1911 the Socialists became the strongest party in parliament. A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Between 1867 and 1918, the Reichsrat was the parliament of Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, which was officially known as the kingdoms and lands represented in the Reichsrat (German die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder). ... The Christian Social Party (CS) was an Austrian political party from 1893 to 1933 and a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian Peoples Party. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The party initially supported the declaration of war against Serbia after the Assassination in Sarajevo of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg in 1914, but soon realized that the disastrous war was untenable. After the death of Emperor Franz Joseph, the first peace-meeting was held in December 1916. By January 1918, strikes were breaking out, calling for an end of the war and the terrible suffering of the people, especially the worker's families, had to endure. Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... A plaque commemorating the exact location of the Sarajevo Assassination On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg were shot to death in Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young... For the Scottish rock band, see Franz Ferdinand (band). ... Sophie, the Duchess of Hohenberg Her Highness Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, born Sophie Maria Josephine Albina Chotek, Countess of Chotkova and Wognin (March 1, 1868 - June 28, 1914) was the morganatic wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Franz Joseph I (in Hungarian I. Ferenc József, in English Francis Joseph I) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and a German prince (Deutscher Fürst). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

By October, a provisional national assembly (“Provisorische Nationalversammlung”) was convened under the social-democrat Karl Renner, which tried to work out a provisional constitution (Provisorische Verfassung) under the leadership of a new state council led by the new state chancellor Renner. The social-democrats wanted a new form of government and on November 12, 1918, the republic was proclaimed by Renner. Karl Renner Monument to Karl Renner next to the Austrian Parliament, Ringstraße, Vienna, Austria Karl Renner (December 14, 1870 - December 31, 1950) was an Austrian politician. ... For other uses, see Chancellor (disambiguation). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

First Republic

The party was fairly successful in the 1920s, but its members were persecuted by right-wingers in the early 1930s. Both under the Austro-fascist dictatorship (1934–1938) and during the German occupation of Austria between 1938 and 1945, the SDAPÖ was banned and persecuted heavily, but after liberation, the Social Democrats became a major political force in post-war Austria. Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ...

The party clearly wanted to steer Austria towards political union with Germany, calling the new Austrian republic “Deutsch-Österreich” (German-Austria). But the Treaty of St. Germain clearly forbade any unification between Austria and Germany. The SDAPÖ nevertheless still advocated such a union during the existence of the First Republic, as they hoped for a strengthening of their position and the socialist cause within a Greater Germany. A Political Union is a type of state which is composed of smaller states. ... The Treaty of Saint-Germain, was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new republic of Austria on the other. ... Around the world there have been a number of First Republics: French First Republic - 1792 First Spanish Republic First Philippine Republic In Italy the term First Republic is used informally to refer to the period up to 1991, when a series of scandals (mainly bribery) hit many politicians. ...

In the first elections for the constitutional national assembly on February 16, 1919, women were allowed to vote for the first time. The SDAPÖ became the strongest party and formed a grand coalition with the Christian Social Party. In May, elections for the city council of Vienna followed: out of 165 mandates the social-democrats won 100 seats. Jakob Reumann became the first social-democratic mayor of Vienna. Vienna was going to continue to be the stronghold of the socialists in a largely conservative governed country. The socialist-led city government build the first Gemeindebau for the working-class, such as the Karl-Marx-Hof, Sandleiten and at the Gürtel causeway, and instituted social, healthcare and educational reforms. These measures indeed ameliorated the living conditions for workers and raised their standard of living, coining the term “Rotes Wien” (“Red Vienna”) of the 1920’s. The measures also deepened the ties of the workers towards the party, creating a large pool of loyalists on which the party could always depend on. is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Image of a woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ... A grand coalition is a coalition government in a parliamentary system where political parties representing a vast majority of the parliament unite in a coalition. ... The Christian Social Party (CS) was an Austrian political party from 1893 to 1933 and a predecessor of the contemporary Austrian Peoples Party. ... A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Mandate can mean: An obligation handed down by an inter-governmental body; see mandate (international law) The power granted by an electorate; see mandate (politics) A League of Nations mandate To some Christians, an order from God; see mandate (theology) The decision of an appeals court; see mandate (law) The... Memorial to Jakob Reumann, Vienna Jakob Reumann was an Austrian Socialist politician. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... 12. ... The Währinger Gürtel quite close to Viennas General Hospital, Allgemeines Krankenhaus. ... Karl-Marx-Hof - build between 1927 and 1930 Red Vienna (German: ) was the nickname of the capital of Austria between 1918 and 1934, when the social democrats had the majority and the city was democratically directed for the first time. ...

Within the grand coalition, the parties were able to agree on a package of reforms such as the 8-hour-day (8-Stunden-Tag), the worker’s council law (Betriebsrätegesetz) and negotiations for a new republican constitution, which came into force on November 10, 1920. After the parliamentary elections in October 1920, the SDAPÖ left the grand coalition after the CS won the majority of votes. The social-democrats would remain in opposition during the First Republic. is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

But the SDAPÖ continued to be internally divided in roughly two wings: on the one side were the moderates under the leadership of former chancellor Karl Renner, who advocated a parliamentary, liberal democracy and the welfare state; on the other side were the more radical Austromarxists under the leadership of Otto Bauer. Especially the latter part did not wish any further cooperation with the CS, which led to an increase in political instability over time as political views became grew more extreme and fractious. “Moderates” redirects here. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ... Liberal democracy is a form of government. ... The Welfare State of the United Kingdom was prefigured in the William Beveridge Report in 1942, which identified five Giant Evils in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness and disease. ... Austromarxism was the left-socialist movement, led by Victor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Renner and Max Adler, members of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria during the late decades of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the Austrian First Republic (1918-1934). ... Otto Bauer (1881 - July 4, 1938) was an Austrian Social Democrat who is considered one of the leading thinkers of the Austro-Marxist movement. ...

Feeling increasingly under threat, most political parties formed their own military wing. In May 1924, the SDAPÖ founded its own paramilitary wing, the Republikanischer Schutzbund (roughly translatable as “Republican Protection Militia”). The communist party KPÖ formed their Red Brigades, the conservative CS also followed suit, founding their own “Heimwehr” (“Homeland Protection Force” or "Homeguard"). The mere existence of armed political militias and vigilante groups, existing next to the regular police and army forces, did not bode well for the further stability of the young republic. The founding of these militias were in response to raised political tension, as well as aggravating it, increasing the chances of an open, violent clash, as political parties within parliament continued their fighting. On November 3, 1926, the so-called “Linzer Programm” was agreed upon on the SDAPÖ party convention, which was heavily influenced by Otto Bauer’s wing and reinforced the differences between the opposition Christian-socialists (CS) and the social-democrats. For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Paramilitary designates forces whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force, but which are not regarded as having the same status. ... The Communist Party of Austria (German: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs) is a communist party from Austria. ... The Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse in Italian, often abbreviated as the BR) were a terrorist group[1] located in Italy and active during the Years of Lead. Formed in 1970, the Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the... The Heimwehr (German Home Guard) were a Nationalist, initially paramilitary grouping, operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germanys Freikorp. ... For other uses, see Vigilante (disambiguation). ... In 1955, Austria declared her Everlasting Neutrality and made neutrality a constitutional law. ... is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Logo of the SDAPÖ

On January 30, 1927, an incident occurred in Schattendorf in Burgenland, when members of the Republikanischer Schutzbund got shot at by members of the conservative Heimwehr. Two people died. In the trial that followed, the accused were spoken free by the jury in the so-called “Schattendorfer Urteil” in July of that year. Members of the Republikanischer Schutzbund, the SDAPÖ and workers were outraged by this verdict and formed demonstrations on July 15 to protest. The mob vented their frustration, eventually moved towards the Palace of Justice (Justizpalast) and set the whole building on fire. Clashes with the police left 85 workers and four policemen dead, up to 600 people were injured. The burning of the Justizpalast and the bloodshed surrounding it symbolised a break within the republic, marking the coming end of democracy. Image File history File links SDAPÖ_logo. ... Image File history File links SDAPÖ_logo. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Schattendorf is a town in the district of Mattersburg in Burgenland in Austria. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. ... For jury meaning makeshift, see jury rig. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Palace of Justice is the main Federal Court in Putrajaya. ...

The political atmosphere became increasingly poisoned and untenable. The conservatives shored their position against the socialists, on May 18, 1930, the Heimwehr of the CS declared their Korneuburger Eid (Oath of Korneuburg), in which they openly called for the overthrow of the parliamentary democracy (“Wir verwerfen den westlichen demokratischen Parlamentarismus und den Parteienstaat!”) ^[2] is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Korneuburg is a town in Austria. ...

During Austrofascism

On March 7, 1933, parliament in effect shut itself down due to a minor technicality in the parliamentary procedures. During a vote impasse, the collective presidency of the lower house stepped down from office and in effect left the house without a speaker or chair. Federal Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß seized the opportunity to circumvent parliament and govern with a number of emergency decrees. Pressure was increased on the SDAPÖ, political activities were increasingly curtailed, press censorship increased. The socialists protested and rallied their forces in the worker’s strongholds in Vienna, Linz, and other industrial areas and towns. Tension openly erupted on February 12, 1934, when the police entered the local party headquarters in Linz for a search. The socialist militia resisted the police force, during the course of the week armed fighting broke out in Vienna and other SDAPÖ strongholds such as industrial areas. The army was called in to crush the uprising in Vienna, shelling the Karl-Marx-Hof where militias were holed up. The civil war lasted until February 16, in the end the social-democratic movement was completely outlawed, most of the leadership arrested. The end of the civil war marked the definite end of the First Republic and the start of the Austro-fascist state under the leadership of Dollfuß is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bargaining impasse occurs when the two sides negotiating an agreement are unable to reach agreement and become deadlocked. ... Engelbert Dollfuss Engelbert Dollfuss (German: Dollfuß) (October 4, 1892 - July 25, 1934) was an Austrian politician and dictator. ... For other uses, see Censor. ... The Poestlingberg church in Linz. ... is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ...

The crushing of the social-democratic opposition by the conservatives however meant a further weakening of Austria, as infighting within the Heimwehr and the conservatives continued. Chancellor Dollfuß himself was assassinated 10 weeks after the end of the civil war by National socialists. Adolf Hitler was increasingly influencing things in Austria. Nazi Germany was increasing the pressure by scheming and manipulating political events, as well as planning and carrying out terrorist attacks on infrastructure within Austria. The successor of Dollfuß, the conservative chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg tried a new round of talks with the outlawed social-democrats and even the monarchists, in order to stabilise the situation again. The social-democrats favoured democracy, but were lukewarm to the concept of an independent Austria. The majority of conservatives wanted to keep an independent Austria, however in the form of an Austro-fascist regime. The extreme fighting and enmity between the two parties resulted in both the abolition of democracy and the end of Austria as an independent entity. On March 12, 1938, the weakened Austrian government under Chancellor Schuschnigg was forced to step down by Hitler under the threat of war, and Austria was annexed to Nazi Germany. Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal         Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Kurt von Schuschnigg (14 December 1897 - 18 November 1977) was an Austrian politician who in 1934 succeeded the assassinated Engelbert Dollfuss as dictator of Austria, as leader of the regime often called Austrofascism. ... Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ...

The Anschluss was initially enthusiastically greeted by many social democrats, such as the ex-chancellor Karl Renner who pledged to vote “yes” in a referendum on the Anschluss (“Ich stimme mit ‘Ja’”) ^[3] and finally realise the old dream of a union with Germany. Although democracy was not in sight, at least Hitler’s policies promised more work and equality for many workers and labourers, as well as further socialist reforms and political stability. The socialist enthusiasm that greeted Hitler however soon gave way to the sobering reality of war and the Nazi occupation.

See also: History of Austria, Austrofascism This is the history of Austria. ... Supporters of the Austrian Christian Social Party in 1934 Austrofascism is a term which is frequently used to describe the authoritarian rule installed in Austria between 1934 and 1938. ...

During the beginning of the Second Republic

The battle of Vienna between Soviet and Nazi forces was over on April 13, 1945. Immediately the party was refounded as the "Socialist Party of Austria" (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ). First party chairman became Adolf Schärf. After tyranny, war and destruction, the country had to be reconstructed while enduring hunger and depravation. The traumatic experience under German rule brought a swing in domestic opinion about Pan-Germanism and the idea of Austria as an independent, sovereign and democratic country. The two former enemies, the conservatives and the socialists, put aside their differences in order to work towards the prosperity and renewed sovereignty of the country. Both sides entered into a grand coalition government that would last for the next 21 years until 1966. is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Adolf Schärf (April 20, 1890, Mikulov — February 28, 1965, Vienna) was from 1957 to his death the president of the Republic of Austria. ... Pan-Germanism, one of the ethnically-charged political movements of the 19th century for unity of the German-speaking peoples of Europe. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ...

The Soviet Union had the most influence as an occupying allied power in the immediate post-war years. Stalin was interested in integrating the newly liberated Austria into the Soviet bloc. The Austrian Communists were the only who could claim to have consistently fought against the Nazi regime, and they largely lay under the protection and guidance from Moscow. Any new Austrian government would therefore have to integrate them as well. Karl Renner tried to position himself as the man of the hour who could act as a bridge between the conservatives and the communists. The Soviets and the other allied powers had large reservations about Renner, whom they viewed as an opportunist. Renner tried to convince a sceptical Stalin in a letter, where he expressed his mea culpa for his previous support of the Anschluss, at the same presenting himself as the only credible socialist politician left able to reach an agreement with the Communists^[4]. Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314... The Communist Party of Austria (de: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs, or KPÖ) is a communist party based in Austria. ... Opportunism is a term mainly used in politics and political science. ... Mea culpa is a Latin phrase that translates into English as my fault, or my own fault. In order to emphasize the message, the adjective maxima may be inserted, resulting in mea maxima culpa, which would translate as my most [grievous] fault. ...

If Renner convinced Stalin, or if it was out of pure necessity, is not entirely clear, but the Soviets tentatively decided to support Renner, maybe in order to win more influence over the government in time. With Soviet support Karl Renner and Leopold Kunschak proclaimed a provisional Austrian state government on April 27, 1945 in the parliament building in Vienna. The proclamation aimed to re-establish an independent Austria. Historic photographs show Renner reading out the proclamation in the old imperial Chamber of the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus), with Soviet officers sitting in the back benches. This alarmed the western allies, who feared a plot by the Soviets to establish a people’s republic, a tactic that worked in Hungary and East Germany, where the socialists there were forcibly integrated with the communist party. However for the moment, the Austrian socialists were allowed to re-established their party and operate relatively freely. The new party also established their own newspaper, the “Arbeiter-Zeitung” on August 4 of the same year. April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Parliament at the Ringstraße The Austrian Parliament Building, (German: Parlament or Hohes Haus, formerly the Reichsratsgebäude), is where the two Houses of the Parliament of Austria conduct their sittings. ... This article is about the state which existed from 1949 to 1990. ... For the Chicago anarchist newspaper, see Arbeiter-Zeitung (Chicago) The Arbeiter-Zeitung was started as a Socialist newspaper on July 12, 1889 by Victor Adler. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Ex-chancellor Karl Renner was elected as the new Federal President of Austria by the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) on October 20, 1945. He would hold this office until his death on December 31, 1950. The party held its first congress since 1933 in December 1945. The SPÖ decided to make its peace with the conservatives, since their fighting was partly responsible for the failure of the First Republic. The party entered an all encompassing grand coalition with the ÖVP, the successor party of the old CS. This form of a grand coalition would last for the next 21 years until 1966.
After the death of Karl Renner in 1950, Theodor Körner was elected as Federal President on May 26, 1951. In Frankfurt in Germany, the Socialist International was founded, of which the SPÖ was one of the charter members. The Leopoldine Wing of Hofburg Imperial Palace in Vienna: home to the offices of the Federal President. ... The Federal Assembly of Austria or Österreichische Bundesversammlung is a federal-level deliberative body consisting of the members of the two houses of the Austrian parliament, the National Council and the Federal Council, in joint session. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Theodor Körner (April 23, 1873 - January 4, 1957) served as President of Austria between 1951 and 1957. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... The official symbol of Socialist International. ...

In May 1957 Bruno Pittermann became party chairman. Former chairman Adolf Schärf was elected as Federal President in April 1957 and re-elected for a second term in 1963. He was succeeded in May 1965 by Franz Jonas, who also hailed from the socialist party. Franz Jonas Franz Jonas (October 4, 1899 - April 24, 1974) was an Austrian political figure. ...

The grand coalition governments of SPÖ and ÖVP were marked by a desire to stabilise the political and social situation and concentrate on economic growth and social equality. One of the first acts of the grand coalition was able to agree on a new law about worker’s vacation regulations on July 25, 1946. The party followed a rather moderate line and tried to cooperate with its coalition partner. Many state enterprises were nationalised and the situation of the worker ameliorated with work incentives and social benefits. The neutrality that was required by Austria meant that the country had little to worry about military spending and obligations to any military block. Instead it tried to act as a mediator between two sides in any international conflict, concentrating on tasks within the United Nations framework. Nevertheless on January1 1960, foreign minister Bruno Kreisky was able to sign the accession treaty of Austria into the EFTA. is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky (January 22, 1911—July 29, 1990) was a jewish -Austrian politician. ... The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ...

The Bruno Kreisky Era

In the parliamentary elections of April 1966, the ÖVP won the majority of seats and was thus able to rule alone. The socialists left the grand coalition government, going into opposition. On January 30, 1967 Bruno Kreisky was elected as party chairman. In the National Council elections of March 1970, the SPÖ won with a relative majority, but was only able to build a minority government that counted on support from the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). This government was short-lived, new snap-elections had to be held in October 1971. This time the SPÖ was able to win the absolute majority in parliament. This ushered in a period of socialist-led governments for the next 13 years, led by the charismatic Bruno Kreisky who would become one of the most important statesmen of the Second Republic.
In June 1974, the socialist candidate Rudolf Kirchschläger won the presidential elections. On the economic side, the 40-hour working week, a project by the SPÖ, was passed in parliament and became law. is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky (January 22, 1911—July 29, 1990) was a jewish -Austrian politician. ... Year 1970 ([[Rf 1970 == January 1 - The Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC January 2 - The last studio performance of The Beatles oman numerals|MCMLXX]]) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, abbreviated to FPÖ) is a far-right political party in Austria. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Rudolf Kirchschläger Rudolf Kirchschläger (born March 20, 1915, death March 30, 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician, judge and from 1974 to 1986 Austrian president. ...

The success of the economy and the international high profile Austria was enjoying due to its neutrality ushered in another victory for Kreisky and the SPÖ in the election of May 1979, where the party won 51% of all votes. Nevertheless the party failed to win in the following elections in April 1983, Kreisky stepped down and Fred Sinowatz became the new chancellor and formed a coalition government with the liberal FPÖ. Sinowatz later took over as party chairman from Kreisky in October of the same year. Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... Fred Sinowatz (born February 5, 1929 in Neufeld an der Leitha, Burgenland) is a former Austrian politician of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ). He was Chancellor of Austria from 1983 to 1986. ...

Sinowatz tried to rely on the liberal wing of the FPÖ, however political infighting and the rise of the nationalist Jörg Haider made a further coalition with its junior partner for the SPÖ impossible. Franz Vranitzky, who replaced Sinowatz in June 1986, ended the so-called “small coalition” and called for fresh elections. In the November elections of 1986, the SPÖ became strongest party again and entered into a grand coalition with the ÖVP. Vranitzky himself was elected as party chairman in May 1988. Jörg Haider Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ... Franz Vranitzky ~1990, Austrian Chancellor 1986-96. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

Second Grand Coalition phase with ÖVP

SPÖ party headquarters in Vienna

The government grand coalition with the conservative ÖVP as the junior partner would last from 1988 until 2000. In July 1990, Bruno Kreisky, who was the grand doyen of the party, died. The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Iron Curtain confronted Austria and the SPÖ with changing realities. In October of the same year, the party won and remained strongest party in parliament. In June 1995, the party congress decided to change its name from “Socialist Party of Austria” (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs) into “Social Democratic Party of Austria” (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs), thus shifting the emphasis from socialism to a reaffirmation to its commitment to democracy.
On issues of gender equality, the party congress decided in June 1993 to introduce a quota for women. The new regulation required that at least 40% of SPÖ candidates are female. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 863 KB) Summary Description: SPÖ party headquarter in Vienna. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1920x2560, 863 KB) Summary Description: SPÖ party headquarter in Vienna. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it — blue. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Look up quota in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image of a woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ...

Chancellor Vranitzky tried to repair the damage to Austria’s international image caused by the presidential election of the controversial Kurt Waldheim. He was the first chancellor who, in a speech in front of parliament, clearly spoke of the guilt Austrians carried during the Second World War, something that was until then a topic that was taboo at home. He undertook a number of steps towards reconciliation with victims, his state visit to Israel in 1983 was highly regarded. The SPÖ also endorsed an entry of the country into the European Union during negotiations with Brussels. In the national referendum of June 12, 1994, over 66% percent of all voters voted “yes”, Austria duly became a member on January 1, 1995. Kurt Josef Waldheim (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... This article is about cultural prohibitions in general, for other uses, see Taboo (disambiguation). ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ...

Although the SPÖ supported Austria’s entry to the EU, the party fared badly in the elections of October 1994, but remained the strongest party in parliament. It was able to retain that position in the December elections of 1995 where it gained votes back. In 1997, Chancellor Vranitzky stepped back from office after more than 10 years in office to make way for the new generation, being replaced by his former finance minister Viktor Klima, who was sworn in in January. In April 1997 he also took over the position as party chairman. Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Viktor Klima Viktor Klima (born 4 June 1947), a Social Democratic Austrian politician, was Federal Chancellor of Austria (Bundeskanzler) from 1997 till his resignation in 2000. ...

The party congress decided on a reformed party programme in October 1998. The basic values of social democracy, freedom, equality, justice and solidarity were reaffirmed. But the party also committed itself to modernisation and a willingness to take risks and welcome change. A new, more open party statute was passed. In order to reflect the new reforms, a new party logo was also introduced. Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Social equality is a social state of affairs in which certain different people have the same status in a certain respect, minimally at least in voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, and property rights. ... This article is about the concept of justice. ... Solidarity (Polish: ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union Solidarity — Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Solidarność) is a Polish trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the then Lenin Shipyards, and originally led by Lech Wałęsa. ... Modernization is the process of changing the conditions of a society, an organisation or another group of people in ways that change the privileges of that group according to modern technology or modern knowledge. ... The Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ... For other uses, see Logo (disambiguation). ...

Problems with Proporz

The problem of the grand coalition in Austria was the continuation of the old Proporz system, where basically any political position as well as the civil service, trade unions and even positions in the economy and state businesses were occupied by either members of the two big parties. This system worked well in the post-war period, however with the end of the Cold War and Austria’s entry to the EU, people’s perceptions and opinions changed strongly. The old Proporz system, where basically the SPÖ and the ÖVP would divide everything up between them, was increasingly seen as outdated and even undemocratic. Because both parties always had an absolute majority in parliament, no effective opposition could ever exist. The long period of grand coalitions lasted for over a decade, a period that was very unusual for any western, parliamentary democracy. // Overview Proporz is a long standing doctrine within the politics of the second Austrian republic. ... The Roman civil service in action. ... A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers. ...

As voters’ frustration with the old system grew, the FPÖ under the young and dynamic party chairman Jörg Haider was able to ride the wave of discontent and win votes in every parliamentary election. The FPÖ had its core support with the right wing, but was increasingly able to attract voters from the conservative ÖVP and even made inroads with traditional SPÖ voters who grew fed up with the grand coalitions and the old Proporz system.

The parliamentary elections of 1999 were a great shock to the country’s system. Although the SPÖ lost votes, it was still able to retain its position as the strongest party, but the FPÖ became the second strongest party by a very small edge before the ÖVP. Although federal president Thomas Klestil gave the social democrats the order to form a new government, no coalition partner could be found. The ÖVP under their leader Wolfgang Schüssel, who was vice-chancellor and foreign minister, entered into negotiations with the FPÖ instead. In February 2000, the new centre-right government between the ÖVP and the FPÖ was formed with Schüssel as the new chancellor. This prompted a huge outcry at home as well as abroad, leading even to sanctions by the EU and Israel pulling out its ambassador in protest to the right-wing FPÖ. For the first time in 30 years, the SPÖ had to sit in opposition. This article is about the year. ... Thomas Klestil (4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. ... Wolfgang Schüssel Wolfgang Schüssel (born on June 7, 1945 in Vienna, Austria) is a Christian Democratic Austrian politician. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally. ...

New role as opposition party and return to power

SPÖ poster for the 2006 general elections; "The country needs a new fairness."

The end of the grand coalition left many within the party embittered with the ÖVP and what was perceived as a sell-out. Alfred Gusenbauer became new party chairman and started restructuring the party politically, organisationally and financially. In the snap elections of November 2002 the party’s lost its position as strongest party to the conservative ÖVP, which was able to win a resounding victory at the expense of the social democrats and the FPÖ. The SPÖ got 36.5% of all votes, ending up with 69 seats in the National Council. It had 23 seats in the Federal Council. Nevertheless in a number of state elections, the SPÖ was able to win votes back and even made inroads in traditionally conservatively-ruled states. Outside its traditional strongholds of Vienna and Burgenland, the party surprisingly won state elections in Styria and Salzburg, forming the new state governments there. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 525 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Social Democratic Party of Austria Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 525 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Social Democratic Party of Austria Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Alfred Gusenbauer (born February 8, 1960) has been the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) since 2000. ... A snap election is an election called earlier than scheduled. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. ... “Styria” redirects here. ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ...

The SPÖ candidate Heinz Fischer won the presidential elections in April 2004 against his conservative contender Benita Ferrero-Waldner. Thus a conservative-led government stood opposite a social democratic president. President Fischer repeatedly made statements that stood in contrast to the official stance of the government, such as the speaking out for the equality of homosexuals as well as calling for better treatment of immigrants. Heinz Fischer (born 9 October 1938) is the federal president of Austria. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Benita Ferrero-Waldner (born September 5, 1948) is the European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy and an Austrian diplomat and politician. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ...

The party is a member of the Party of European Socialists in the European Parliament. In June 2004 the SPÖ fared well in the elections to the European Parliament, winning 33.5% of the Austrian votes cast, thus receiving nine seats (out of a total of 18 Austrian seats) and becoming strongest Austrian party. This was seen as a welcome sign for upcoming national elections in 2006. Due to the banking scandal of the BAWAG, which was close to the unions, confidence has been greatly shaken how the party will in future separate financial dealings from politics. In the 2006 National Elections the SPÖ to the surprise of many became Austria's largest party with 68 seats (67 if you count the chairman of the LIF party who was allowed to run on the SPÖ list) to the ÖVP's 66. In the long protracted coalition negotiations that followed a grand coalition was formed with Gusenbauer as Chancellor in a Grand Coalition with the ÖVP which was finally sworn in January 2007, 3 months after the elections. The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... Election posters of the BZÖ and the ÖVP parties The 2006 general election for the National Council in Austria was held on 1 October 2006. ... BAWAG P.S.K. is the fourth largest bank in Austria. ... In Norse mythology, Lif (life) and Lifthrasir (eager for life) will be the only two to survive Ragnarok, the end of the world. ...

Confronting the past of 1938–1945

Concerning the role of Austrian socialists during Nazi rule from 1938–1945, the party started opening its archives and set in a commission to investigate its past conduct. The fact that many socialists actually welcomed the Anschluss of Austria into Germany back then could not be denied, as well as the fact that many socialists became members of the Nazi party. Alfred Gusenbauer issued a declaration promising and supporting a full and open investigation ("Klarheit in der Vergangenheit - Basis für die Zukunft"). In 2005 the report about the so-called “brown spots” (braune Flecken) was completed and published. The report talks about SPÖ members and leaders who became members of the Nazi party during German rule after the Anschluss. One example given in the report is the case of Dr. Heinrich Gross, who received many honours from the SPÖ and even the government in the post-war period. This was despite the fact that he worked as a Nazi doctor in the euthanasia ward “Am Spiegelgrund” in Vienna, where human experiments on children were performed. Those children with presumptive mental defects were eventually killed, often by lethal injection. Dr. Gross was probably himself involved in the experimentations and killings. The Austrian judicial system protected him for a very long time from any kind of prosecution, something that was very typical in the post-war period. He enjoyed wide support from the SPÖ party and party leaders for a very long time. Heinrich Gross (1914 – Dec. ... For mercy killings not performed on humans, see animal euthanasia. ... Human experimentation involves medical experiments performed on human beings. ... For other uses, see Child (disambiguation). ... An injection is a method of putting liquid into the body with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin long enough for the material to be forced into the body. ...

Reflecting the change in attitude towards the past, Federal President Fischer in an interview with the liberal newspaper Der Standard strongly criticised Austria’s view on its historical role during Nazi rule. He called the traditional view that Austria was the first victim of Nazi aggression as false. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 by émigrés, which called for the independence of Austria from Nazi Germany, was a problem since it stated that the war was neither started nor wanted by any Austrian (“Und das ist nicht richtig.”) Also the fact that Austrian Jewish victims were not mentioned in the declaration (“.. kein Wort für die jüdischen Opfer”) as well as that it took decades for them to receive any kind of compensation and justice from the government was very regrettable and inexcusable. His statements were direct criticism of the centre-right wing government of the coalition ÖVP/FPÖ, which usually dragged its feet concerning compensation to victims, and the admission of the (co-)guilt Austrians carried for crimes committed by them during the Second World War. (Interview given on April 10, 2006, full text available online at http://derstandard.at/) Der Standard is a liberal Austrian newspaper based in Vienna, Austria. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Émigré is a French term that shows how Martin B. loves stephanie. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Election results by states

Burgenland

Burgenland is a state that is a traditional stronghold of the social democrats. Since 1964 the governors of this eastern-most state have come from the SPÖ. Burgenland is one of the few states that are ruled by a social democratic majority in the state assembly (‘’Landtag’’). In the state assembly elections of 2000, the SPÖ received 46.6%, in 2005 it received 5.2% more votes and ended up with an absolute majority of 51.8%. Governor (Landeshauptmann) of the Burgenland is Hans Niessl. Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... Hans Niessl Hans Niessl (born June 12, 1951 in Zurndorf, Austria) is an Austrian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and governor of the Burgenland. ...

Carinthia

The Carinthian SPÖ used to be very strong in this most southern Austrian state. It regularly won the most seats in state elections and the governors used to be a social democrat until 1989. Since the rise of Jörg Haider and his FPÖ, he successfully pushed the SPÖ out of their leading position. In state elections in 1999 the SPÖ received 32.9%, it was however able to raise its share in the 2004 elections to 38.4%. In a strange twist, the social democrats were in a coalition with the right-wing FPÖ in Carinthia, where Jörg Haider was governor, until 2005. This constellation is in question after the chairlady of the Carinthian SPÖ, Gabi Schauning, decided to resign from her post as vice-governess of Carinthia after a fall-out with Haider. Carinthia has a mandatory concentration government, where each party with a certain amount of seats in the state parliament automatically participates in the state government. The term coalition therefore refers to the cooperation between parties and not to the participation in the state cabinet. Carinthia (German: Kärnten, Slovenian: KoroÅ¡ka) is the southernmost Austrian state or Land; it is chiefly famous for its mountains and lakes. ... Jörg Haider Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ... The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, abbreviated to FPÖ) is an Austrian political party usually associated with the name of Jörg Haider. ... Carinthia (Kärnten in German, Koroška in Slovenian) can refer to: Carinthia - a federal state of Austria Carinthia - an informal province in Slovenia Carinthia - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria_Hungary Karantania - the first Slovenian state This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... Jörg Haider Jörg Haider (born 26 January 1950) is an Austrian politician. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Lower Austria

In Lower Austria, the SPÖ received 29.2% in the 1998 state assembly elections. It increased its shares by 3.2% in the elections of 2003 and ended up with 32.4%. Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ...

Salzburg

The SPÖ won a surprising victory in the state elections in Salzburg in 2004. It was able to increase its share of votes from 32.2% (1999) to 45.3%. For the first time the conservative ÖVP lost their traditional dominant position. Gabi Burgstaller became the first social democratic governess (Landeshauptfrau) in the state’s history. Gabi Burgstaller is the current governor (Landeshauptfrau) of the State of Salzburg. ... Landeshauptmann (German for country head man or state captain) is the governor of an Austrian state or of the Italian province of Südtirol. ...

Styria

Styria was traditionally ruled by the ÖVP. In the state assembly elections of 2000, the Styrian SPÖ ended up with 32.3%. In the elections of 2005, the voters shifted surprisingly towards the left, something that also benefited the local communist KPÖ. The SPÖ won 8.4% more and ended up with 40.7%, being able to form a coalition government with the Greens, but without the communists. Franz Voves, Styrian SPÖ chairman, became state governor. “Styria” redirects here. ... The Communist Party of Austria (German: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs) is a communist party from Austria. ... The Austrian Green Party (de: Die Grünen - Die Grüne Alternative, or Die Grünen) is a political party in the Austrian parliament. ... Franv Voves (born February, 28th 1953 in Graz, Styria) is an Austrian politician of the SPÖ and a former player in the Austrian national ice hockey national team. ...

Tyrol

In the Tyrol the social democrats receive few votes since the state is a traditional conservative stronghold. In the 1999 elections, the Tyrolean SPÖ received 22.8% of all votes, in the next elections of 2003 it increased its share by 3.1% to 25.9%. Tyrol (German: , Czech: ) is a state or Bundesland, located in the west of Austria. ...

Upper Austria

In the 2003 state elections to the Upper Austrian Landtag, the SPÖ was able to raise its voters share from 27% (1997) by 11.3% to 38.3%. It was in a grand coalition with the ÖVP in the state government as the junior partner, with four out of nine of the state government ministers coming from the SPÖ. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

Vienna

Vienna was always traditionally the stronghold of the social democrats. In the city council (Gemeinderat) elections of 1996, the SPÖ lost many votes to the FPÖ. It received around 39% of all votes, the FPÖ around 27.9% and the ÖVP 15.2%. This changed in 2001, when the SPÖ jumped to 46.9% and the FPÖ shrank to 20.1% and again in 2005 when the SPÖ gained to 49% and the FPÖ shrank further to 14.8%. The 2005 results meant that the SPÖ was able to hold the majority of seats in the Vienna city council and rule by itself without coalition partners. The current governor-mayor of Vienna is Michael Häupl. A city council is the most common style of legislative government in a city or town. ... Michael Häupl Michael Häupl (Born 14 September 1949 in Altlengbach, Lower Austria) is the mayor of Vienna. ...

Vorarlberg

Vorarlberg is a traditional stronghold of the conservatives. Of all the Austrian states, the SPÖ receives the least votes in this western-most state. In state assembly elections of 1999, the SPÖ received 12.9%, but was able to raise its share of votes in the elections of 2004 by 3.9% and ended up with 16.8%. Vorarlberg is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria. ...

Party chairpersons since 1945

The chart below shows a timeline of the social democratic chairpersons and the Chancellors of Austria. The left bar shows all the chairpersons (Bundesparteivorsitzende, abbreviated as "CP") of the SPÖ, and the right bar shows the corresponding make-up of the Austrian government at that time. The red (SPÖ) and black (ÖVP) colours correspond to which party led the federal government (Bundesregierung, abbreviated as "Govern."). The last names of the respective chancellors are shown, the Roman numeral stands for the cabinets. The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... The Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a political party in Austria. ... The Austrian Peoples Party or Österreichische Volkspartei is an Austrian political party. ... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ...

Select list of other SPÖ politicians

• Josef Cap, Head of the parliamentary club (Klubobmann)
• Barbara Prammer, 1st female National Council President of Austria
• Christoph Matznetter, Budget- and Financial matters spokesman in the National Council
• Josef Broukal, journalist and MP

During the government of Kreisky, Johanna Dohnal became the first minister for women’s affairs Christoph Matznetter (born 8 June 1959 in Vienna) is an Austrian politician, currently State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Finance. ... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ...

Minority factions

Some groups within the SPÖ like Die Funke, a socialist faction, and SJ Austria, the party's youth organization are democratic socialist.^{[citation needed]} The SJ Austria (SJÖ) is a socialist youth organistion. ... Democratic socialism is a political movement propagating the ideals of socialism within the framework of a parliamentary democracy. ...

See also

• Socialist Students of Austria

The Socialist Students of Austria (German: Verband Sozialistischer StudentInnen Österreichs, VSStÖ) is a socialist and social democratic student organization at Austrian universities. ...

References

“PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to...

Literature

• Gordon Brook-Shepherd. The Austrians. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. London, 1995. ISBN 3-552-04876-6
• Caspar Einem, Wolfgang Neugebauer, Andreas Schwarz. Der Wille zum aufrechten Gang. Czernin Verlag, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-7076-0196-X (Discussion on book is available online on hagalil.com
• Maria Mesner (Ed.). Entnazifizierung zwischen politischem Anspruch, Parteienkonkurrenz und Kaltem Krieg: Das Beispiel der SPÖ. Oldenbourg Verlag, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-486-57815-4
• Bruno Kreisky, Matthew Paul Berg (Translator), Jill Lewis (Ed.).The Struggle for a Democratic Austria: Bruno Kreisky on Peace and Social Justice. Berghahn Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 1-57181-155-9
• Barbara Kaindl-Widhalm. Demokraten wider Willen? Autoritäre Tendenzen und Antisemitismus in der 2. Republik. Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, Vienna, 1990.
• Norbert Leser: Zwischen Reformismus und Bolschewismus. Der Austromarxismus in Theorie und Praxis, 1968.
• Wolfgang Neugebauer. Widerstand und Opposition, in: NS-Herrschaft in Österreich. öbv und hpt, Vienna, 2000. ISBN 3-209-03179-7
• Peter Pelinka. Eine kurze Geschichte der SPÖ. Ereignisse, Persönlichkeiten, Jahreszahlen. Ueberreuter, Vienna, 2005. ISBN 3-8000-7113-4

Caspar Einem (*May 6, 1948) was from 1995 until 1997 Interior Minister of Austria, and later, until 2000 Federal Minister for Science and Traffic. ... Norbert Leser. ...

External links

• (German) Official Website
• (English) The Social Democratic Party of Austria
• (English) AEIOU | Austrian Social Democratic Party
• (German) Encyclopedia of the Viennese SPÖ
• (German) Linzer Programm (November 3, 1926)
• (German) Otto Bauer - Austromarxism

v • d • e Political parties in Austria
National Council (2006):	Social Democratic Party (67)1 • People's Party (66) • Greens (21) • Freedom Party (20) • Alliance for the Future of Austria (7) • Liberal Forum (1)1 • independent (1)2
Federal Council (indirect election):	Social Democratic Party (29) • People's Party (26) • Greens (4) • Alliance for the Future of Austria (2) • Freedom Party (1)
European Parliament (2004):	Social Democratic Party (7) • People's Party (6) • Greens (2) • Hans-Peter Martin's List (1) • Liberal Forum (1)3 • Freedom Party (1)
Landtag(e) only:	Communist Party (Styria, 2005)
Minor parties:	Socialist Left Party • Christian Electoral Community • Neutral Free Austria • The Christians • Social Liberals • Enotna Lista (Unity List) (Carinthia)
1. Alexander Zach, the chairman of the Liberal Forum, was elected on the Social Democratic Party's electoral list and sits in their caucus. 2. On 7 March 2007, Ewald Stadler left the Freedom Party; he continues to sit in their caucus, however. 3. Karin Resetarits was initially elected as an MEP on the List Hans-Peter Martin, but she later broke ties with him, then joined the ALDE group, and finally joined the Liberal Forum.
Portal:Politics - List of political parties - Politics of Austria