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Social software (including Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0) is normally defined as a range of web-based software programs. The software allows users to interact and share data with other users. This computer-mediated communication has become very popular with social sites like MySpace and Facebook, media sites like Flickr and YouTube, and commercial sites like Amazon.com and eBay. Many of these applications share characteristics like open APIs, service oriented design, and the ability to upload data and media. Image File history File links Acap. ... This article is about computer software. ... For other uses, see CMC. Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is defined broadly as any form of human interaction across two or more networked computers. ... MySpace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. ... Facebook is a social networking website that was launched on February 4, 2004. ... Flickr is a photo sharing website and web services suite, and an online community platform, which is generally considered an early example of a Web 2. ... YouTube is a popular video sharing website where users can upload, view and share video clips. ... Amazon. ... This article is about the online auction center. ... API may refer to: In computing, application programming interface In petroleum industry, American Petroleum Institute In education, Academic Performance Index This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

The more specific term collaborative software applies to cooperative information sharing systems, and is usually narrowly applied to the software that enables collaborative work functions. Distinctions among usage of the terms "social", "trusted", and "collaborative" are in the applications or uses, not the tools themselves, although there are some tools that are only rarely used for work collaboration. Collaborative software is software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals. ...

Social technologies or Conversational technologies used in organizations, in particular a network-centric organization, are other terms used to describe knowledge creation and storage that is carried out through collaborative writing. Constructivist learning theorists such as Vygotsky; Leidner & Jarvenpaa explained that the process of expressing knowledge aids its creation and conversations benefits the refinement of knowledge. Conversational KM fulfills this purpose because conversations, e.g. questions and answers, become the source of relevant knowledge in the organization. ^[1] Conversational technologies are seen as tools to support work units and the individual knowledge worker.^[2]

Many advocates of using these tools believe (and actively argue or assume) that they create actual communities, and have adopted the term "online communities" to describe the resulting social structures. Community is a set of people (or agents in a more abstract sense) with some shared element. ... A virtual community is a group whose members are connected by means of information technologies, typically the Internet. ...

History

Christopher Allen supports this definition and traces the core ideas of this concept back through Computer Supported Cooperative or Collaborative Work (CSCW) in the 1990s, Groupware in the 1970s and 80s, to Englebart’s “augmentation” (1960s) and Bush’s “Memex” (1940s). Although he identifies a “lifecycle” to this terminology that appears to reemerge each decade in a different form, this does not necessarily mean that social software is simply old wine in new bottles.^{[citation needed]}

Early manifestations of social software in early Internet apps for communication and collaboration such as email, newsgroups, groupware, virtual communities and the like and point out its augmentation capabilities. In the next phase, influences of academic experiments, Social Constructivism, and the open source software movement. In the current phase, these collaborative tools add a capability “that aggregates the actions of networked users”. This points to a powerful dynamic that distinguishes social software from other group collaboration tools and as a component of Web 2.0 technology. Capabilities for content and behavior aggregation and redistribution present some of the more important potentials of this media.^{[citation needed]}

In 1945 Vannevar Bush describes a hypertext-like device called the "memex"^{[citation needed]} Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 30, 1974) was an American engineer and science administrator, known for his political role in the development of the atomic bomb, and the idea of the memex—seen as a pioneering concept for the World Wide Web. ... In computing, hypertext is a user interface paradigm for displaying documents which, according to an early definition (Nelson 1970), branch or perform on request. ... The memex was a theoretical analog computer described by the scientist and engineer Vannevar Bush in the 1945 The Atlantic Monthly article As We May Think. The word was a portmanteau of memory extender. Bush described the device as electronically linked to a library and able to display books and...

In 1962 Douglas Engelbart publishes his seminal work, "Augmenting Human Intellect: a conceptual framework". In this paper, he proposes using computers to augment training. With his colleagues at the Stanford Research Institute, Engelbart started to develop a computer system to augment human abilities, including learning. The system was simply called the oNLine System (NLS), and it debuted in 1968.^{[citation needed]} Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart (born January 30, 1925 in Oregon) is an American inventor of German descent. ... The NLS workstation showing the CRT display, keyboard, pushbuttons, and mouse NLS, or the oNLine System, was a revolutionary computer collaboration system designed by Douglas Engelbart and the researchers at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1960s. ...

The initial concept of a global information network should be given to J.C.R. Licklider in his series of memos entitled "On-Line Man Computer Communication”, written in August of 1962. However, the actual development of the internet must be given to Lawrence G. Roberts of MIT.^{[citation needed]} Lawrence G. Roberts has been described as one of the four persons most closely associated with the birth of the Internet, the other three being Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf. ...

In 1971 the MITRE Corporation begins a year-long demonstration of the TICCIT system among Reston, Virginia cable television subscribers. Interactive television services included informational and educational demonstrations using a touch-tone telephone. The National Science Foundation refunds the PLATO project and funds MITRE's proposal to modify its TICCIT technology as a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) system to support English and algebra at community colleges. MITRE subcontracts instructional design and courseware authoring tasks to the University of Texas at Austin and Brigham Young University. Also this year Ivan Illich describes computer-based "learning webs" in his book Deschooling Society ^[3]. This article is about the ceremonial head-dress; see also mitre (disambiguation). ... TICCIT is an acronym for Time-shared, Interactive, Computer-Controlled Information Television, first developed by the MITRE Corporation in 1968 as an interactive cable television (CATV) system. ... The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ... University of Texas redirects here. ... , Brigham Young University (BYU), located in Provo, Utah, is a private coeducational school completely owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon Church) and run under the auspices of its Church Educational System. ... This article is about the Austrian philosopher. ...

Seymour Papert at MIT publishes "Mindstorms: children, computers, and powerful ideas" in 1980. (New York: Basic Books). This book inspired a number of books and dissertations on "microworlds" and their impact on learning. BITNET, founded by a consortium of US and Canadian universities, allowed universities to connect with each other for educational communications and e-mail. At its peak in 1991, it had over 500 organizations as members and over 3000 nodes. Its use declined as the World Wide Web grew. Seymour Papert Seymour Papert (born March 1, 1928 Pretoria, South Africa) is an MIT mathematician, computer scientist, and prominent educator. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... BITNET was a cooperative U.S. university network founded in 1981 under the aegis of Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University. ... The World Wide Web and WWW redirect here. ...

In 1986 Tony Bates publishes "Computer Assisted Learning or Communications: Which Way for Information Technology in Distance Education?", Journal of Distance Education/ Revue de l'enseignement a distance, reflecting (in 1986!) on ways forward for e-learning, based on 15 years of operational use of computer networks at the Open University and nine years of systematic R&D on CAL, viewdata/videotex, audio-graphic teleconferencing and computer conferencing. Many of the systems specification issues discussed later are rehearsed here.^[4]

The first version of CSILE installed on a small network of Cemcorp ICON computers at an elementary school in Toronto, Canada. CSILE included text and graphical notes authored by several kinds of users (students, teachers, others) with attributes such as comments and thinking types which reflect the role of the note in the author's thinking. Thinking types included "my theory", "new information", and "I need to understand". CSILE later evolved into Knowledge Forum.^{[citation needed]} // Knowledge Forum is an educational software designed to help and support knowledge building communities. ...

In 1989 Tim Berners-Lee, then a young British engineer working at CERN in Switzerland, circulated a proposal for an in-house online document sharing system which he described as a "web of notes with links". After the proposal was grudgingly approved by his superiors, he called the new system the World Wide Web. Sir Tim Berners-Lee Sir Tim (Timothy John) Berners-Lee, KBE (TimBL or TBL) (b. ...

CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach) system was developed at Michigan State University was developed in 1992. It was first used in a small (92 student) physics class in the Fall of 1992. Students accessed randomized (personalized) homework problems through telnet.

• TheGlobe.com is founded in 1994. In 1998 *TheGlobe.com's initial public offering posts the largest first day gain in US history.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Ryze founded by Adrian Scott. In April of 2002 Jonathan Abrams creates his profile on Friendster. theGlobe. ... IPO redirects here. ... Ryze . ... Friendster is an Internet social network service. ...

2003 introduced the world to the launches of Hi5, LinkedIn, and MySpace. Facebook was launched in February of 2004. Hi5 or Hi-5 may be: Hi-5 (Australian kids band), an Australian childrens band and television program Hi-5 (American kids band), an American childrens band and television program, a spinoff from the Australian version Hi-5 (South-African Boy Band), Hi-5 website Hi-5 (Greek... LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site, mainly used for professional networking. ... MySpace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. ...

Levin (in Allen 2004, sec. 2000s) acknowledges that many of characteristics of social software (hyperlinks, Weblog conversation discovery, and standards-based aggregation) “build on older forms”; nevertheless, “the difference in scale, standardization, simplicity, and social incentives provided by Web access turn a difference in degree to a difference in kind.” Key technological factors underlying this difference in kind in the computer, network, and information technologies are: filtered hypertext, ubiquitous Web/computing, continuous Internet connectivity, cheap, efficient and small electronics, content syndication strategies (RSS), and others. Additionally, the convergence of several major information technology systems for voice, data, and video into a single system makes for expansive computing environments with far reaching effects.

Debates and design choices

Social software may be better understood as a set of debates or design choices than any particular list of tools. Broadly conceived, there are many older media such as mailing lists and Usenet fora that qualify as "social". Most users of this term, however, restrict its meaning to more recent software genres such as blogs and wikis. Others suggest that the term social software is best used not to refer to a single type of software, but rather to the use of two or more modes of computer-mediated communication that result in "community formation".^[5] In this view, people form online communities by combining one-to-one (e.g., email and instant messaging), one-to-many (Web pages and blogs), and many-to-many (wikis) communication modes.^[6]. Some groups schedule real life meetings and so become physically "real" communities of people that share physical lives. A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. ... Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Wiki wiki redirects here. ... E-mail, or email, is short for electronic mail and is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. ... // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... A webpage or web page is a page of the World Wide Web, usually in HTML/XHTML format (the file extensions are typically htm or html) and with hypertext links to enable navigation from one page or section to another. ... It has been suggested that Online diary be merged into this article or section. ... Wiki wiki redirects here. ... For other meanings of this phrase (book and album titles etc. ...

Common to most definitions of social software, is the observation that some types of software seem to facilitate a more egalitarian and meritocratic "bottom-up" community development, in which membership is voluntary, reputations are earned by winning the trust of other members, and the community's mission and governance are defined by the communities' members themselves^[7]. For other uses, see Reputation (disambiguation). ... Trust is the belief in the good character of one party, presumed to seek to fulfill policies, ethical codes, law and their previous promises. ...

Communities formed by "bottom-up" processes are often contrasted to the less vibrant collectivities formed by "top-down" software, in which users' roles are determined by an external authority and circumscribed by rigidly conceived software mechanisms (such as access rights). Given small differences in policies, very similar software can produce radically different social outcomes. For instance, tikiwiki supports the gACL system of detailed access control, and most services using it exploit these to divide up the visibility and editability of pages so that few people can both edit and read a randomly chosen page. By contrast, mediawiki avoids per-user controls, to keep most pages editable by most users, and puts more information about users currently editing in its recent changes pages. The result is that mediawiki is being used by community groups more often, while tikiwiki is more suited for groups which don't embrace the social paradigm of mediawiki and prefer tikiwiki having more content control. access list 2 permit 172. ... Tiki CMS/Groupware, originally and more commonly known as TikiWiki, is an open source (LGPL) Content Management System (CMS) / Geospatial Content Management System (GeoCMS) / Groupware web application enabling websites and portals on the internet and on intranets and extranets. ... This article is about the wiki software. ...

Social software, by design, reflects the traits of social networks and is designed very consciously to let social network analysis work with a very compatible database. All social software systems create links between users, as persistent as the identity those users choose. Through these persistent links, a permanent community can be formed out of a formerly epistemic community. The ownership and control of these links - who is linked, and who isn't - is in the hands of the user. Thus, these links are asymmetrical - you might link to me, but I might not link to you^[8]. Also, these links are functional, not decorative - you can choose not to receive any content from people you are not connected to, for example. Wikipedia user pages are a very good example, and often contain extremely detailed information about the person who constructed them, including everything from mother tongue to their moral purchasing preferences. Not to be confused with social network services such as MySpace, etc. ... A social network is a map of the relationships between individuals, indicating the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from casual acquaintance to close familial bonds. ... An epistemic community may consist of those who accept one version of a story, or one version of validating a story. ... First language (native language, mother tongue, or vernacular) is the language a person learns first. ... Ethical consumerism is the practice of boycotting products which a consumer believes to be associated with unnecessary exploitation or other unethical behaviour. ...

Tools for online communication

The tools used in social software applications include communication tools and interactive tools. Communication tools typically handle the capturing, storing, and presentation of communication, usually written but increasingly including audio and video also. Interactive tools handle mediated interactions between a pair or group of users. They differ from communication tools in their focus on establishing and maintaining a connection among users, facilitating the mechanics of conversation and talk. Communication tools are generally asynchronous. Interactive tools are generally synchronous, allowing users to communicate in real time (phone, Net phone, video chat) or near-synchronous (IM, text chat).

We can add to this distinction one that describes the primary user experience of each: communication involves the content of talk, speech, or writing; interaction involves the interest users establish in one another as individuals. In other words, a communication tool may want to make access and searching of text both simple and powerful. An interactive tool may want to present as much of a user's expression, performance, and presence as possible. The organization of texts, and providing access to archived contributions differs from the facilitation of interpersonal interactions between contributors enough to warrant the distinction in media.^{[citation needed]}

Instant Messaging

An instant messaging application or client allows one to communicate with another person over a network in real time, in relative privacy. Popular clients include Gtalk, Skype, Meebo, ICQ, Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger, Pidgin (formerly Gaim) and AOL Instant Messenger. One can add friends to a contact list or buddy list, by entering their email address or messenger ID. If they are online, their name will be listed as available for chat. Clicking on their name will activate a chat window with space to write to the other person, as well as read their reply. // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... In computing, a client is a system that accesses a (remote) service on another computer by some kind of network. ... Google Talk is a Windows application for Voice over IP and instant messaging, offered by Google. ... Skype (IPA: ) is a software program that allows users to make calls over the Internet to other Skype users free of charge and to landlines and cell phones for a fee. ... Meebo is an in-browser instant messaging program which supports multiple IM services, including Yahoo! Messenger, Windows Live Messenger, Google Talk, AIM, ICQ [1], and Jabber and is based on the free and open source library libpurple created by the software developers of Pidgin[2]. // Although still in its early... ICQ is an instant messaging computer program, which was first developed by the Israeli company Mirabilis, now owned by Time Warners AOL subsidiary. ... “Y!M” redirects here. ... MSN Messenger is a freeware instant messaging client that was developed and distributed by Microsoft in 1999 to 2005 and in 2007 for computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system (except Windows Vista), and aimed towards home users. ... Gaim is a popular multi-platform instant messaging client that supports many commonly used instant messaging protocols. ... AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) is a free, advertisement-supported proprietary instant messaging and presence computer program which uses the OSCAR instant messaging protocol and the TOC protocol. ...

Text chat

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and other online chat technologies allow users to join chat rooms and communicate with many people at once, publicly. Users may join a pre-existing chat room or create a chat room about any topic. Once inside, you may type messages that everyone else in the room can read, as well as respond to messages from others. Often there is a steady stream of people entering and leaving. Whether you are in another person's chat room, or one you've created yourself, you are generally free to invite others online to join you in that room. Instant messaging facilitates both one-to-one (communication) and many-to-many interaction. Synchronous conferencing is the formal term used in science, in particular in computer-mediated communication, collaboration and learning, to describe text chat technologies. ... This article is about Internet Relay Chat. ... Online chat can refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, but is primarily meant to refer to direct one-on-one chat or text-based group chat (formally also known as synchronous conferencing), using tools such as instant messaging applications—computer programs, Internet Relay Chat, talkers and possibly... A chat room or chatroom is a term used primarily by mass media to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing. ... One-to-one in communication is the act of an individual communicating with an other. ... Many-to-many is a term that describes the third major Internet computing paradigm. ...

Internet forums

Originally modeled after the real-world paradigm of electronic bulletin boards of the world before Internet was born, internet forums allow users to post a "topic" for others to review. Other users can view the topic and post their own comments in a linear fashion, one after the other. Most forums are public, allowing anybody to sign up at any time. A few are private, gated communities where new members must pay a small fee to join, like the Something Awful Forums. A typical Internet forum discussion, with common elements such as quotes and spoiler brackets A page from a forum showcasing emoticons and Internet slang An Internet forum is a web application for holding discussions and posting user generated content. ... Ward Christensen and the computer that ran the first public Bulletin Board Systems, CBBS A Bulletin board system, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to dial into the system over a phone line (or Telnet) and, using a terminal program, perform functions such as downloading... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Forums can contain many different categories in a hierarchy according to topics and subtopics. Other features include the ability to post images or files or the ability to quote another user's post with special formatting in one's own post. Forums often grow in popularity until they can boast several thousand members posting replies to tens of thousands of topics continuously.

There are various standards and claimants for the market leaders of each software category. Various add-ons may be available, including translation and spelling correction software, depending on the expertise of the operators of the bulletin board. In some industry areas, the bulletin board has its own commercially successful achievements: free and paid hardcopy magazines, professional and amateur sites.

Current successful services have combined new tools with the older newsgroup and mailing list paradigm to produce hybrids like Yahoo! Groups and Google Groups. Also as a service catches on, it tends to adopt characteristics and tools of other services that compete. Over time, for example, wiki user pages have become social portals for individual users and may be used in place of other portal applications. A newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users at different locations. ... A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. ... Yahoo! Groups Yahoo! Groups is a service from Yahoo! that provides electronic mailing lists. ... Google Groups is a free groups and mailing list service from Google. ...

Blogs

Blogs, short for web logs, are like online journals for a particular person. The owner will post a message periodically, allowing others to comment. Topics often include the owner's daily life, views on politics or a particular subject important to them. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Blogs mean many things to different people, ranging from "online journal" to "easily updated personal website". While these definitions are technically correct, they fail to capture the power of blogs as social software. Beyond being a simple homepage or an online diary, some blogs allow comments on the entries, thereby creating a discussion forum. They also have blogrolls (i.e., links to other blogs which the owner reads or admires), and indicate their social relationship to those other bloggers using the XFN social relationship standard. Pingback and trackback allow one blog to notify another blog, creating an inter-blog conversation. Blogs engage readers and can build a virtual community around a particular person or interest. Examples include Slashdot, LiveJournal, BlogSpot XHTML Friends Network (XFN) is a simple way to represent human relationships using hyperlinks developed by Global Multimedia Protocols Group. ... Pingback is a method for Web authors to request notification when somebody links to one of their documents. ... A Trackback is one of three types of Linkbacks, methods for Web authors to request notification when somebody links to one of their documents. ... Slashdot, often abbreviated as /.[1], is a science, science fiction, and technology-related news website owned by SourceForge, Inc. ... LiveJournal (often abbreviated LJ) is a virtual community where Internet users can keep a blog, journal, or diary. ... Blogger is a blog publishing system. ...

Wikis

A wiki is a web page whose content can be edited by its visitors. Examples include Wikipedia, Wiktionary, the original Portland Pattern Repository wiki, MeatballWiki, CommunityWiki, and Wikisource. For more detail on free and commercially available wiki systems see Comparison of wiki software. Wiki wiki redirects here. ... Wikipedia (IPA: , or ( ) is a multilingual, web-based, free content encyclopedia project, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ... The Portland Pattern Repository (PPR) is the subdirectory c2. ... MeatballWiki is a wiki dedicated to online communities, culture and hypermedia. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of wiki software packages. ...

Collaborative real-time editor

Simultaneous editing of a text or media file by different participants on a network was first demonstrated on research systems as early as the 1970s but is now practical on a global network. SubEthaEdit, SynchroEdit, ACE, Moonedit are examples of this type of social software. Google Docs & Spreadsheets and Zoho allow for joint editing, but other users will only see changes after saving. Quote from WP:NOT There is nothing wrong with adding a list of content-relevant links to an article; however, excessive lists can dwarf articles and detract from the purpose of Wikipedia. Therefore please link to internal articles where they exist, and only to external articles where there are not... SubEthaEdit is a collaborative real-time editor designed for Mac OS X. The name comes from the Sub-Etha communication network in The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy series. ... ACE - a collaborative editor is a platform-independent, collaborative real-time editor. ... excerpt from ting26 MoonEdit is a collaborative real-time editor. ... Google Docs & Spreadsheets, sometimes referred to as Google Docs [1], is a Web-based word processor and spreadsheet application offered by Google. ... The Zoho Office Suite is a web office suite including word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, database, note-taker, wiki, CRM and other applications. ...

Prediction markets

Many prediction market tools have become available (including some free software) that made it easy to predict and bet on future events. This a more formal version of social interaction, but it nonetheless qualifies as a robust type of social software. Prediction markets are speculative markets created for the purpose of making predictions. ... Free software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things. ...

Social network services

Social network services allow people to come together online around shared interests, hobbies, or causes. For example, some sites provide dating services where users post personal profiles, locations, ages, gender, etc, and are able to search for a partner. Other services enable business networking (Ryze, XING, and LinkedIn)and social event meetups (Meetup). A social network service focuses on the building and verifying of online social networks for communities of people who share interests and activities, or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of others, and which necessitates the use of software. ... Ryze . ... Xing Technology developed mpeg3 software and streaming media software systems in 19__. ... LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site, mainly used for professional networking. ... Meetup. ...

Some large wikis effectively become social network services by encouraging user pages and portals. Wiki wiki redirects here. ...

Social network search engines

Social network search engines are a class of search engines that use social networks to organize, prioritize, or filter search results. There are two subclasses of social network search engines: those that use explicit social networks, and those that use implicit social networks.

Explicit social network search engines allow people to find each other according to explicitly stated social relationships such as XFN social relationships. XHTML Friends Network, for example, allows people to share their relationships on their own sites, thus forming a decentralized/distributed online social network, in contrast to centralized social network services listed in the previous section. XHTML Friends Network (XFN) is a simple way to represent human relationships using hyperlinks developed by Global Multimedia Protocols Group. ... XHTML Friends Network (XFN) is a simple way to represent human relationships using hyperlinks developed by Global Multimedia Protocols Group. ...

Implicit social network search engines allow people to filter search results based upon classes of social networks they trust, such as a shared political viewpoint. This was called an epistemic filter in a United Nations University report from 1993 which predicted that this would become the dominant means of search for most users. United Nations University (UNU) is a university established on December 6, 1973 by adoption of resolution 3081 by the United Nations General Assembly, upon the suggestion of U Thant, UN Secretary-General at the time. ...

Lacking trustworthy explicit information about such viewpoints, this type of social network search engine mines the web to infer the topology of online social networks. For example, the NewsTrove search engine infers social networks from content - sites, blogs, pods, and feeds - by examining, among other things, subject matter, link relationships, and grammatical features to infer social networks.

Deliberative social networks

Deliberative social networks are webs of discussion and debate for decision-making purposes. They are built for the purpose of establishing sustained relationships between individuals and their government. They rely upon informed opinion and advice that is given with a clear expectation of outcomes.

Commercial social networks

Commercial social networks are designed to support business transaction and to build a trust between an individual and a brand, which relies on opinion of product, ideas to make the product better, enabling customers to participate with the brands in promoting development, service delivery, and a better customer experience.^{[citation needed]}. an example of these networks is Dell IdeaStorm. Dell IdeaStorm is a website launched by Dell on February 16, 2007 to allow Dell to to gauge which ideas are most important and most relevant to the public. ...

Social guides

A social guide recommending places to visit or contains information about places in the real world such as coffee shops, restaurants, and wifi hotspots, etc. One such application is WikiTravel. Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ...

Social bookmarking

Some Web sites allow users to post their list of bookmarks or favorites websites for others to search and view them. These sites can also be used to meet others sharing common interests. Examples include digg, del.icio.us, StumbleUpon, reddit, Netvouz, and furl. Social bookmarking is a way for Internet users to store, organize, share and search bookmarks of web pages. ... Digg is a community-based popularity website with an emphasis on technology and science articles, recently expanding to a broader range of categories such as politics and entertainment. ... The website del. ... Stumbling redirects here. ... reddit is a social news website where users can post links to content on the web. ... Furl (from File Uniform Resource Locators) is a free social bookmarking website (furl. ...

Social citations

Much like social bookmarking, this software is aimed towards academics, and allows the user to post a citation for an article found on the internet or a website, online database like Academic Search Premier or LexisNexis Academic University, a book found in a library catalog, and so on. These citations can be organized into predefined categories or a new category defined by the user through the use of tags. This allows academics researching or interested in similar areas to connect and share resources. Examples for those services include CiteULike, Connotea, BibSonomy and refbase. For a proposal for tagging in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats#MediaWiki issues A tag cloud with terms related to Web 2. ... CiteULike is a social bookmarking service for academics. ... The Connotea Homepage Connotea is a free online reference management service for scientists, created in December 2004 by Nature Publishing Group. ... BibSonomy is a social bookmarking and publication sharing system available at http://www. ... refbase is web-based reference management software licensed under the GPL and written in PHP and uses a MySQL backend. ...

Social libraries

This applications allows visitors to keep track of their collectibles, books, records, and DVDs. Users can share their collections. Recommendations can be generated based on user ratings, using statistical computation and network theory. Some sites offer a buddy system, as well as virtual "check outs" of items for borrowing among friends. Folksonomy or tagging is implemented on most of these sites. Examples include discogs.com, imdb.com and LibraryThing. Network theory or diktyology is a branch of applied mathematics and physics, with the same general subject matter as graph theory. ... A folksonomy is a user-generated taxonomy used to categorize and retrieve web content such as Web pages, photographs and Web links, using open-ended labels called tags. ... For a proposal for tagging in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats#MediaWiki issues A tag cloud with terms related to Web 2. ... Discogs (discogs. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), owned by Amazon. ... LibraryThing is a prominent social cataloging web application for storing and sharing personal library catalogs and book lists. ...

Virtual worlds

Virtual Worlds are services where it is possible to meet and interact with other people in a virtual environment reminiscent of the real world. Thus the term virtual reality. Typically, the user manipulates an avatar through the world, interacting with others using chat or voice chat. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the simulation technology. ... Look up chat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Voice chat is a modern form of communication used on the Internet. ...

Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs)

MMOGs are virtual worlds that add various sorts of point systems, levels, competition, and winners and losers to virtual world simulation. Commercial MMOGs (or, more accurately, massively multiplayer online role-playing games or MMORPGs,) include Everquest and World of Warcraft. The Dotsoul Cyberpark is one of the more innovative non-commercial worlds, with the look and feel of Second Life and Active Worlds, but an adamantly anti-corporate stance. Other open-source and experimental examples include Planeshift, Croquet project, VOS and Solipsis. MMO redirects here. ... An image from World of Warcraft, one of the largest commercial MMORPGs as of 2004, based on active subscriptions. ... EverQuest, often called EQ, is a 3D fantasy-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) that was released on March 16, 1999. ... World of Warcraft (commonly abbreviated as WoW) is a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Blizzard Entertainment and is the fourth game in the Warcraft series, excluding expansion packs and the cancelled Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans. ... DotSoul is an immersive 3D Virtual Reality MMORPG open to those who observe its Code. ... Second Life (abbreviated as SL) is an Internet-based virtual world launched in 2003, developed by Linden Research, Inc (commonly referred to as Linden Lab), which came to international attention via mainstream news media in late 2006 and early 2007. ... Active Worlds (AW) is a 3D virtual reality platform. ... PlaneShift is a cross-platform fantasy MMORPG in development. ... Real time, interactive, 3D map of this very same world. ... Vos, Willem, Dutch scientist Willem Vos is Professor of Physics at the University of Twente and Groupleader at the Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics AMOLF In 2004, with his his group members, Peter Lodahl et. ... Solipsis is a free and open source system for a massively multi-participant shared virtual world designed by Joaquin Keller and Gwendal Simon at France Télécom Research and Development Labs. ...

Non-game worlds

Another development are the worlds that are less game-like, or not games at all. Games have points, winners, and losers. Instead, some virtual worlds are more like social networking services like MySpace and Facebook, but with 3D simulation features. Examples include Second Life, ActiveWorlds, The Sims Online, and There. For other uses, see Game (disambiguation). ... MySpace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. ... Facebook is a social networking website that was launched on February 4, 2004. ... Second Life (abbreviated as SL) is an Internet-based virtual world launched in 2003, developed by Linden Research, Inc (commonly referred to as Linden Lab), which came to international attention via mainstream news media in late 2006 and early 2007. ... Active Worlds (AW) is an 3D Internet browser for Microsoft Windows. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... There is a 3-D online virtual world created by Will Harvey and Jeffrey Ventrella. ...

Economies

Very often a real economy emerges in these worlds, extending the non-physical service economy within the world to service providers in the real world. Experts can design dresses or hairstyles for characters, go on routine missions for them, and so on, and be paid in game money to do so. This emergence has resulted in expanding social possibility and also in increased incentives to cheat. In the case of Second Life, the in-world economy is one of the primary features of the world. Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments. ... Second Life (abbreviated as SL) is an Internet-based virtual world launched in 2003, developed by Linden Research, Inc (commonly referred to as Linden Lab), which came to international attention via mainstream news media in late 2006 and early 2007. ...

Other specialized social applications

There are many other applications with social software characteristics that facilitate human connection and collaboration in specific contexts. Project management and e-learning applications are among these. Project Management is the discipline of organizing and managing resources (e. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Emerging technologies

Emerging technological capabilities to more widely distribute hosting and support much higher bandwidth in real time are bypassing central content arbiters in some cases.

Peer-to-peer social networks

A hybrid of web-based social networks, instant messaging technologies and peer-to-peer connectivity and file sharing, peer-to-peer social networks generally allow users to share blogs, files (especially photographs) and instant messages. Some examples are imeem, SpinXpress, Bouillon, Wirehog, and Soulseek. Also, Groove, WiredReach and Kerika have similar functionality, but with more of a work-based, collaboration bias. // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ... Private P2P networks are P2P networks that only allow some mutually trusted computers to share files. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Instant messaging (IM) is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. ... imeem logo imeem is a social media service where users interact with each other by watching, posting, and sharing content of all media types, including blogs, photos, audio, and video. ... Wirehog is a peer-to-peer file sharing program, linked to Thefacebook, which allows members to share files directly between computers. ... Soulseek is a file-sharing (also called Peer to Peer or P2P) application and network used mostly to exchange music, although users are able to share a variety of files. ... Microsoft Office Groove - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Kerika is a proprietary, cross-platform, peer-to-peer software package, written in Java that works on Macs, Windows and Linux computers. ...

Virtual presence

Widely viewed, virtual presence means being present via intermediate technologies, usually radio, telephone, television, or the internet. In addition, it can denote apparent physical appearance, such as voice, face, and body language.

More narrowly, the term virtual presence denotes presence on World Wide Web locations which identified by URLs. People who are browsing a web site are considered to be virtually present at web locations. Virtual presence is a social software in the sense that people meet on the web by chance or intentionally. The ubiquitous(in the web space) communication transfers behavior patterns from the real world and virtual worlds to the web. Research ^[9] has demonstrated effects ^[10] of online indicators The World Wide Web and WWW redirect here. ... // Uniform Resource Locator (URL) formerly known as Universal Resource Locator, is a technical, Web-related term used in two distinct meanings: In popular usage and many technical documents, it is a synonym for Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); Strictly, the idea of a uniform syntax for global identifiers of network-retrievable... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

References

Professor Sheizaf Rafaeli (שיזף רפאלי), Israel (B.A., Haifa University, M.A. Ohio State University, M.A., Ph. ... Professor Sheizaf Rafaeli (שיזף רפאלי), Israel (B.A., Haifa University, M.A. Ohio State University, M.A., Ph. ...

See also

• Comparison of wiki software
• Customer engagement
• Folksonomy
• List of social software
• Motivations for contributing to online communities
• Online identity
• Online deliberation
• Participatory Media
• Pseudonymity
• Social bookmarking
• The WELL
• Usenet
• Wiki software
• Wikipedia's implied constitution
• Enterprise 2.0
• Web 2.0
• Online web community
• Commons-based peer production

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of wiki software packages. ... Customer Engagement (CE) refers to the engagement of customers with one another, with a company or a brand. ... A folksonomy is a user-generated taxonomy used to categorize and retrieve web content such as Web pages, photographs and Web links, using open-ended labels called tags. ... This is a list of notable social software: selected examples of social software products and services that facilitate a variety of forms of social human contact. ... — Kimchi. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Online deliberation is a term associated with an emerging body of practice, research, and software dedicated to fostering serious, purposive discussion over the Internet. ... Participatory Media include (but arent limited to) blogs, wikis, RSS, tagging and social bookmarking, music-photo-video sharing, mashups, podcasts, participatory video projects and videoblogs. ... Pseudonymity is a word derived from pseudonym, meaning false name, and describes a state of disguised identity resulting from the use of a pseudonym (also called nym). ... Social bookmarking is a way for Internet users to store, organize, share and search bookmarks of web pages. ... Usenet (USEr NETwork) is a global, decentralized, distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP architecture of the same name. ... Wiki software is a type of collaborative software that runs a wiki system. ... Enterprise 2. ... A Tag cloud (constructed by Markus Angermeier) [1] presenting some of the themes of Web 2. ... An online web community or online mobile community may be defined as a virtual space created by members, using appropriate social software provided and managed by the owner of the service, where all participants have at least one purpose to interact with other members or consume member generated content (definition... Commons-based peer production is a term coined by Yales Law professor Yochai Benkler to describe a new model of economic production in which the creative energy of large numbers of people is coordinated (usually with the aid of the internet) into large, meaningful projects, mostly without traditional hierarchical...

External links

• Tracing the Evolution of Social Software
• Social Bookmarks Script Generator
• Social Protocols: An Introduction
• Tom Coates' Definition of Social Software and Revised / Simplified Definition of Social Software