NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Society of St. Pius X

The Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) is an international society of Traditionalist Roman Catholic priests. Its official Latin name is Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X, which means "Priestly Fraternity of St. Pius X". It was founded in 1970 by the French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, and since 1975 it has existed in a state of dispute with the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Shortcut: WP:NPOVD Articles that have been linked to this page are the subject of an NPOV dispute (NPOV stands for Neutral Point Of View; see below). ... A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic... Priesthood in the Catholic Church is the second of the three orders of ordained ministry, Bishop, Priest and Deacon. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Pope St. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... The Most Reverend Dr. Marcel-FranÃ§ois Lefebvre (November 29, 1905â€“March 25, 1991), better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French Roman Catholic bishop. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Foundation and early history

Like the Traditionalist Catholic movement in general, the SSPX was born out of conservative opposition to the actual or perceived changes in Catholic teaching and practice that followed the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). The founder and central figure of the Society was the French prelate Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Lefebvre had spent much of his career as a missionary bishop in Africa, and served as Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers from 1962 to 1968. He retired in 1968 when his order began to revise its constitutions in a manner that Lefebvre considered to be un-Catholic and Modernist. Shortly after his retirement, Lefebvre was approached by seminarians from the French Seminary in Rome. They told him that they were being persecuted for their adherence to traditional doctrines, and sought his advice on a conservative seminary where they could complete their studies. He directed them to the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Congregation of the Holy Spirit and Immaculate Heart of Mary (known more simply as the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, or in Latin, Congregatio Sancti Spiriti (CSSp) is a Roman Catholic congregation of priests. ... Modernism describes a broad body of theological views, including the belief that the Church and Catholic dogma are mere human institutions and as such their nature may radically change over time. ... For the Ecuadorian artist, see Manuel RendÃ³n Seminario. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5... The University of Fribourg (French: UniversitÃ© de Fribourg; German: UniversitÃ¤t Freiburg) is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. ...

In 1970, urged by the Abbot of Hauterive and the Dominican theologian Fr. Marie-Dominique Philippe to teach the seminarians personally, Lefebvre approached Monsignor François Charrière, Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, with a request to set up a religious society for priests and seminarians. Charrière granted Lefebvre's request, and, with a document predated by six days to November 1, 1970, he established the Society of St. Pius X as a "pia unio" on a provisional (ad experimentum) basis for 6 years. Pia unio status represented the first stage through which a Catholic organization would pass prior to gaining official recognition as a religious institute or a society of apostolic life. (Since 1983, the term "association of the faithful" has replaced "pia unio".) Some Swiss laymen offered the seminary at Ecône to the newly formed group, and in 1971 the first 24 candidates entered the seminary, followed by a further 32 in October 1972.[6] Abbots coat of arms The word abbot, meaning father, has been used as a Christian clerical title in various, mainly monastic, meanings. ... Monsignor is an ecclesiastical honorific title for clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Lausanne (pronounced ) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac LÃ©man), and facing Ã‰vian-les-Bains (France) and with the Jura mountains to its north. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: GenÃ¨ve //, German: //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after ZÃ¼rich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... Fribourg (French), (German: or , often Fribourg) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and the district of Sarine. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Society of Apostolic Life is a kind of religious order within the Roman Catholic Church, whose members do not profess religious vows, unlike members of an Institute of Consecrated Life. ... The International Seminary of Saint Pius X is the premier seminary of the Society of Saint Pius X. It is situated at EcÃ´ne in the Valais Canton of Switzerland and is one of the six houses for formation for the future priests of The Society of Saint Pius X...

Normally, after a suitable period of concrete experience and after asking the advice of the Holy See, a bishop would raise a pia unio to official status at diocesan level. Lefebvre attempted to bypass this stage, and contacted three different Vatican departments in order to secure early recognition for his society at papal level. He succeeded in obtaining a letter of encouragement from Cardinal John Joseph Wright, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Clergy, but no approval from the Congregation competent for raising the association to the level desired by Lefebvre. Cardinal Wright's letter, dated February 18, 1971, was worded carefully, speaking of the association "as Your Excellency presents it", and saying, with regard to the field of competence of Cardinal Wright's own Congregation, that the association "will be able to contribute much to accomplishing the plan drawn up by this Congregation for worldwide sharing of clergy". It has been claimed that Wright was still recommending propspective seminarians to apply to Ecône as late as 1973. [7] John Joseph Cardinal Wright (July 18, 1909â€”August 10, 1979) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ... Prefect Cardinal Hummes The Congregation for the Clergy (Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding priests and deacons not belonging to religious orders. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

The establishment of the SSPX was unwelcome to a number of churchmen — most notably, to the French bishops, whose theological outlook was quite different from Lefebvre's and who had important connections with the Vatican Secretary of State, the Frenchman Cardinal Jean Villot. Indeed, much of the tension between Lefebvre and his critics must be seen in the context of long-term theological, cultural and political divisions between the Right and the Left in French society. At the meeting of the French episcopal conference at Lourdes in 1972, the seminary at Ecône acquired the nickname "le séminaire sauvage" — the "wildcat seminary"^[1] — and by November 1974 the French episcopate had indicated that they would not incardinate any of Lefebvre's priests in their dioceses. They also publicly criticised Catholics who remained attached to the Tridentine Mass.[8] By this time, the SSPX had opened additional seminaries in Armada, Michigan (1973) and in Rome (1974). Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot (October 11, 1905â€”March 9, 1979) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Tridentine Mass (Pontifical High Mass) being celebrated at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Wyandotte, Michigan - 1949. ... Armada is a village located in Macomb County, Michigan. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5...

The first sign of intervention by the Roman authorities was a meeting held in the Vatican on 26 March 1974. By June 1974, a commission of cardinals had been formed to enquire into the SSPX. The cardinals decided that a canonical visitation of the seminary should be undertaken, and, from 11–13 November 1974, two Belgian priests carried out a rigorous inspection. Their report was said to have been favourable.^[2] However, while at Ecône, they expressed a number of theological opinions which were judged to be excessively liberal, and which greatly shocked the seminarians and staff. In what he later described as a mood of "doubtlessly excessive indignation", the Archbishop wrote a "Declaration" in which he strongly attacked the liberal trends apparent in the contemporary Church, which (he said) were "clearly evident" in the Council and in the reforms that had followed it.^[3] This document was leaked and published in January 1975, in the French Traditionalist journal Itinéraires. It would provide important ammunition to his opponents. March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ...

By now, Lefebvre was in serious difficulties. There was an ominous atmosphere at Ecône, with the seminary subjected to graffiti, nuisance phone calls, gunshots through the windows and trespassers at night.[9] In January 1975, Mgr. Pierre Mamie, the incumbent Bishop of Fribourg, wrote to Rome stating his intention to withdraw the pia unio status that his predecessor had granted the SSPX. It has been speculated, without definite evidence, that this action was undertaken at the instigation of the commission of cardinals. In the same month, Lefebvre was asked by the cardinals to come to Rome. He met with them twice, on 13 February and 3 March; to Lefebvre's declared surprise, the meetings were hostile in tone: at one point, the French prelate Cardinal Garrone reportedly called him a "fool".[10] On 6 May 1975, with the approval of the cardinals, Bishop Mamie withdrew the SSPX's pia unio status. Lefebvre instructed his lawyer to lodge appeals against this move, and he ultimately petitioned the Apostolic Signatura, the highest court of the Catholic Church, but Cardinal Staffa, the tribunal's chief judge, turned down on the instructions of Cardinal Villot. From this point onwards, the SSPX was no longer an official organization of the Catholic Church. is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... His Most Reverend Eminence Gabriel-Marie Cardinal Garrone (12 October 1901 - 15 January 1994) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura is the administrative appellate tribunal of the Holy See and, consequently, the highest judicial authority of the Roman Catholic Church outside of the Pope himself. ... Dino Cardinal Staffa (August 14, 1906â€”August 7, 1977) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Lefebvre and his supporters have always maintained that he was treated unfairly by Rome, that the suppression of the SSPX was unjustified, and that the procedures followed in its suppression violated the provisions of the Code of Canon Law. In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ...

The SSPX continued to operate in spite of its official dissolution. In the consistory of 24 May 1976, Pope Paul VI rebuked Archbishop Lefebvre by name – reportedly the first time in 200 years that a Pope had publicly reprimanded a Catholic bishop – and appealed to him and his followers to change their minds.^[4] Archbishop (later Cardinal) Giovanni Benelli, the deputy Vatican Secretary of State, sent Lefebvre two letters ordering him not to proceed with scheduled priestly ordinations for the SSPX. Lefebvre ignored the warning, and went ahead with the ordinations on June 29, 1976. Lefebvre was immediately suspended "a collatione ordinum": he could no longer legally ordain priests. A week later, Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent him an official communication requiring him to ask the Pope's pardon. Lefebvre responded with a letter claiming that there was "a secret agreement between high dignitaries in the Church and those in Masonic lodges before the Council". On July 22, Baggio notified Lefebvre that, since he had not apologized to the Pope, he was suspended "a divinis". He was now legally forbidden to celebrate any of the sacraments. // Antiquity Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply sitting together, just as the Greek syn(h)edrion (from which the Biblical sanhedrin was a corruption). ... is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Giovanni Cardinal Benelli (b. ... The Secretariat of State is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sebastiano Cardinal Baggio was born May 16, 1913 at RosÃ , in the Diocese of Vicenza, Italy. ... The Congregation for Bishops (Congregatio pro Episcopis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new bishops pending papal approval. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The 1988 consecrations

A central controversy surrounding the SSPX concerns the consecration by Archbishop Lefebvre (and the Brazilian Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer) of four SSPX priests as bishops in 1988, in violation of the orders of Pope John Paul II. The EcÃ´ne Consecrations are those by which Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated four Catholic bishops on 30 June 1988, notwithstanding the express prohibition of the Pope. ... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ... Bishop AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer (Â° 1904 Campinas, SÃ£o Paulo â€“ â€ April 25, 1991 Campos, Rio de Janeiro) was a Roman Catholic bishop and bishop of the diocese of Campos, Brazil. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as...

By 1987, Archbishop Lefebvre was 81. In Catholic doctrine, only a bishop can ordain men to the priesthood. At that point, if Lefebvre died, the SSPX would have become dependent upon non-SSPX bishops to ordain future priests - and Lefebvre did not regard them as properly reliable and orthodox. In June 1987, Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate a successor to the episcopacy. He implied that he intended to do this with or without the approval of the Holy See.^[5] Under canons 1013 and 1382 of the Catholic Code of Canon Law, the consecration of a bishop requires papal approval. Consecrating a bishop without papal approval was strongly condemned by Pope Pius XII, who described the sacramental activity of bishops who had been consecrated without such approval as "gravely illicit, that is, criminal and sacrilegious".^[6] The Roman authorities were unhappy with Lefebvre's plan, but they began discussions with Lefebvre and the SSPX which led to the signing, on 5 May 1988, of a skeleton agreement between the Archbishop and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the future Pope Benedict XVI. Canon Law is the ecclesiastical law of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 â€“ October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City, from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

This "protocol"^[7] is divided into in two parts. In the first part, which is of doctrinal character, Archbishop Lefebvre, in his own name and on behalf of the SSPX:

The second (legal) part of the document envisaged, apart from the canonical reconciliation of the persons concerned, that: Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council. ...

This document was to be submitted to the Pope for his approval. However, Archbishop Lefebvre quickly developed misgivings. The very next day, he declared he was obliged in conscience to proceed, with or without papal approval, to consecrate a bishop to succeed him on 30 June. A Society of Apostolic Life is a kind of religious order within the Roman Catholic Church, whose members do not profess religious vows, unlike members of an Institute of Consecrated Life. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

A further meeting took place in Rome on 24 May. Archbishop Lefebvre was now promised that the Pope would appoint a bishop from among the members of the SSPX, chosen according to the normal procedures, and that the consecration would take place on 15 August. In return, Lefebvre would have to request reconciliation with the Pope on the basis of the protocol of 5 May. Lefebvre, for his part, presented three written requests: is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On Pope John Paul II's instructions, Cardinal Ratzinger replied to Archbishop Lefebvre on 30 May, insisting on observance of the agreement of 5 May, and adding that, if Lefebvre carried out unauthorized consecrations on 30 June, the promised authorization for the consecration of a bishop would not be granted. is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 3 June, Lefebvre wrote from Ecône, stating that he intended to proceed with the consecrations. On 9 June, the Pope replied to him with a personal letter, appealing to him not to proceed with a design that "would be seen as nothing other than a schismatic act, the theological and canonical consequences of which are known to you". Lefebvre did not reply, and the letter was made public on 16 June. For the first time, the Holy See stated publicly that Lefebvre was in danger of becoming a schismatic. is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Seminary of Saint Pius X is the premier seminary of the Society of Saint Pius X. It is situated at EcÃ´ne in the Valais Canton of Switzerland and is one of the six houses for formation for the future priests of The Society of Saint Pius X... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¯ÏƒÎ¼Î±, skhÃsma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¯Î¶Ï‰, skhÃzÅ, to tear, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 30 June 1988, Archbishop Lefebvre proceeded to consecrate four priests of the SSPX to the episcopacy: Frs. Richard Williamson, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Alfonso de Galarreta and Bernard Fellay. Mgr. Antônio de Castro Mayer, the retired Bishop of Campos, Brazil, assisted Lefebvre in the consecrations. is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Bishop Richard Williamson, SSPX. Here seen in the streets of Rome during the Holy Year of 2000. ... Bernard Tissier de Mallerais is a Roman Catholic bishop of the controversial traditionalist Society of St. ... Alfonso de Galarreta is a bishop of the Society of St. ... Bernard Fellay (born April 12, 1958 in Sierre, Switzerland) is a bishop and the current Superior General of the Society of St. ... Campos dos Goytacazes is a municipality and city located in the northern area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with a population of approximately 390,000 inhabitants, being the largest municipality of the state. ...

The day after the consecrations, the Congregation for Bishops issued a decree declaring that Archbishop Lefebvre had incurred automatic excommunication.^[8] On the following day, 2 July, Pope John Paul II issued an apostolic letter known as Ecclesia Dei in which he condemned the Archbishop's action.^[9] The Pope stated that, since schism is defined in the Code of Canon Law as "withdrawal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or from communion with the members of the Church subject to him" (canon 751),^[10] the consecration "constitute[d] a schismatic act", and that, by virtue of canon 1382 of the Code,^[11] it entailed automatic excommunication for all the bishops involved. is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ...

Lefebvre argued that the consecrations were necessary because the traditional form of the Catholic faith and sacraments would become extinct without Traditionalist bishops and priests to pass them down to the next generation. He called the consecrations "opération survie" - "Operation Survival". He cited in his defense canons 1323 and 1324 of the Code of Canon Law.^[12] Canon 1323 provides that a canonical penalty is not binding when a person has acted "by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience, unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls". Canon 1324 states that, if the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls, the penalty must be diminished or replaced by a penance if the offense was committed by a person who was coerced by grave fear, even if only relative, or by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience. It also states that the penalty is to be reduced or replaced if the perpetrator erroneously, but culpably, thought that necessity or grave inconvenience existed (this would exclude, therefore, acts intrinsically evil or tending to the harm of souls). In all these circumstances, canon 1324 concludes, automatic penalties do not apply. A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ...

Non-SSPX canonists counter this argument by quoting canon 1325 ("Ignorance which is crass or supine or affected can never be taken into account when applying the provisions of canons 1323 and 1224") and stating that, in view of the clear formal canonical warnings given to Lefebvre, he could not claim to benefit from what the previous canons stated about action taken in error.^[13]

Some members and supporters of the SSPX resigned or disassociated themselves from the Society as a result of the consecrations. A number of them, with the approval of the Holy See, formed a separate society called the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter. Father Josef Bisig, one of the founding members of the FSSP, with Pope John Paul II in Vatican City. ...

Present canonical status of the SSPX

On the question of whether Archbishop Lefebvre committed a schismatic act in consecrating four bishop in 1988, see Controversy over the consecration. The EcÃ´ne Consecrations are those by which Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated four Catholic bishops on 30 June 1988, notwithstanding the express prohibition of the Pope. ...

Though the Holy See speaks of the bishops involved in the Ecône Consecrations as having committed a "schismatic act", it does not regard the Society as such as being in formal schism, as for example, the Old Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy. Nor does it necessarily regard all of the SSPX's members and supporters as formally schismatic. The EcÃ´ne Consecrations are those by which Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated four Catholic bishops on 30 June 1988, notwithstanding the express prohibition of the Pope. ... The Old Catholic Church is a community of Christian churches. ... ...

On the question of the Society as a whole: The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church aiming to bring back traditionalist Catholics into communion with Rome, primarily the Society of Saint Pius X. It is headed by DarÃo Cardinal CastrillÃ³n Hoyos. ... A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¹ÏƒÎ¼Î±, schisma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¹Î¶Ï‰, schizo, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization. ...

The Holy See views the four SSPX bishops as validly consecrated but excommunicated. It regards the priests ordained by them as ordained validly but illicitly, with the result that they are by law suspended from exercising their priestly functions.^[21]^[22] No decree of excommunication has been issued against the priests or other religious of the Society (which does have lay members in the "[11] Third Order"), and an attempt by a Bishop Ferrario, diocesan bishop in Hawaii, to excommunicate, on 1 May 1991, some followers of the SSPX, for supporting the SSPX and attending its Masses. Cardinal Ratzinger,now Pope Benedict XVI, declared that the decision "lacks foundation and hence validity." Bishop Ferrario's attempted excommunication of SSPX followers was overturned by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, on June 28, 1993, he said: is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

The SSPX considers itself faithful to the Catholic Church and all its infallible teachings, while rejecting what it sees as novelties in the teaching of the Second Vatican Council. It has officially recognised Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul II, and Pope Benedict XVI as Popes. Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic... The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 â€“ June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Pope John Paul I (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo I), born Albino Luciani, (October 17, 1912â€”September 28, 1978) reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 until his death. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as... This article is becoming very long. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Wycliffe Tyndale Â· Luther Â· Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Pope (from Latin...

One of the Society's four bishops, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, has declared that Pope Benedict XVI "has professed heresies in the past! He...has never retracted his errors. When he was a theologian, he professed heresies, he published a book full of heresies."^[24] In the same interview Bishop Mallerais said of the Second Vatican Council: "You cannot read Vatican II as a Catholic work. It is based on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. ...I will say, one day the Church should erase this Council. She will not speak of it anymore. She must forget it. The Church will be wise if she forgets this council."^[24] â€œKantâ€ redirects here. ...

Similarly, Bishop Richard Williamson has said of Pope Benedict XVI: "His past writings are full of Modernist errors. Now, Modernism is the synthesis of all heresies (Pascendi, Saint Pius X). So Ratzinger as a heretic goes far beyond Luther's Protestant errors, as Bishop Tissier de Mallerais well said." Williamson added that the documents of the Second Vatican Council "are much too subtly and deeply poisoned to be reinterpreted. The whole of a partly poisoned cake goes to the trash can!"^[25] This article is becoming very long. ...

The four SSPX bishops do not claim ordinary jurisdiction over those who receive sacraments from SSPX priests and bishops. An appeal is made to canon 144 §1 ("In common error, whether of fact or of law, and in positive and probable doubt, whether of law or of fact, the Church supplies executive power of governance for both the external and the internal forum") and canon 844 §2 ("Whenever necessity requires or a genuine spiritual advantage commends it, and provided the danger of error or indifferentism is avoided, Christ's faithful for whom it is physically or morally impossible to approach a Catholic minister, may lawfully receive the sacraments of penance, the Eucharist and anointing of the sick from non-Catholic ministers in whose Churches these sacraments are valid") of the Code of Canon Law in regard to the sacraments of penance and matrimony, for whose validity ordinary jurisdiction is normally required, to justify their actual exercise of a jurisdiction alleged to be supplied extraordinarily, not only for these sacraments,^[26] but even for marriage dispensations and annulments.^[27] In the theology of the Roman Catholic Church, indifferentism is condemned as a heresy that holds that one religion is as good as another, and that all religions are equally valid paths to salvation. ... Penance is repentance of sins, as well as the name of the Catholic Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession. ...

Since it is agreed that SSPX priests are not "non-Catholic ministers", canon 844 does not apply to their situation. But canon 144 clearly does apply in some cases of sacramental absolution, so that someone who confesses to an SSPX priest without knowing that he lacks the faculty to exercise the power of order (cf. canon 966 §1) will be validly absolved by him.^[21] Its application to a marriage contracted before an SSPX priest who clearly has no link with the local Ordinary or parish priest (cf. canon 1108 §1) is much less certain, and is still more difficult to uphold with regard to dispensations from marriage impediments and especially to marriage annulments, a reason which has induced some priests to abandon the Society.^[28]^[29]

The SSPX today

On 1 January 2007, the Society had, according to one of its websites,^[30] 473 member priests established in 31 countries, 68 brothers, 157 religious sisters, 74 oblates, 190 seminarians in six international seminaries, 3 minor seminaries, 159 priories, more than 720 Mass centers regularly-served, nine retreat houses, 14 major schools, and at least 70 connected to priories or chapels, along with 2 university institutes. The priests based in its priories also travel to many other centres to offer Tridentine Mass. The SSPX main seminary is in Ecône, Switzerland; others are located in the United States (Winona), France (Flavigny-sur-Ozerain), Germany (Zaitzkofen), Australia (Goulburn), and Argentina (La Reja). is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... A seminary is a specialized university-like institution for the purpose of instructing students (seminarians) in theology, often in order to prepare them to become members of the clergy. ... A Minor Seminary is a secondary boarding school created for the specific purpose of enrolling teenage boys who have expressed interest in becoming priests. ... A priory is an ecclesiastical circumscription run by a prior. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The Tridentine Mass (Pontifical High Mass) being celebrated at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Wyandotte, Michigan - 1949. ... The International Seminary of Saint Pius X is the premier seminary of the Society of Saint Pius X. It is situated at EcÃ´ne in the Valais Canton of Switzerland and is one of the six houses for formation for the future priests of The Society of Saint Pius X... Winona is the county seat of Winona County6. ... Flavigny-sur-Ozerain is a small village on a hilltop in the département of Côte dOr, région of Burgundy in France. ...

It was closely associated with the Priestly Union of St Jean-Marie Vianney, founded by Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer, until this group reconciled with the Holy See in 2001 under the direction of Bishop Licínio Rangel. Bishop AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer (Â° 1904 Campinas, SÃ£o Paulo â€“ â€ April 25, 1991 Campos, Rio de Janeiro) was a Roman Catholic bishop and bishop of the diocese of Campos, Brazil. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: This article is about a title... John Bosco Chuabsamai Manat (born October 31, 1935) was the bishop of Ratchaburi from 1986–2003. ... The (Roman Catholic) Diocese of Ratchaburi (Dioecesis Ratchaburensis, Thai: à¸ªà¸±à¸‡à¸†à¸¡à¸“à¸‘à¸¥à¸£à¸²à¸Šà¸šà¸¸à¸£à¸µ) is located in western central Thailand. ... AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer, who was born on 20 June 1904 and ordained a priest on 30 October 1927, was Bishop of the Diocese of Campos in Brazil from 3 January 1949 until his resignation on 29 August 1981. ... Licinio Rangel (b. ...

It now has close links with the Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat, led by Father Basil Kovpak, a priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church whom Cardinal Lubomyr Husar, Major Archbishop of that Eastern Catholic Church, declared to have "ceased to belong to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and the Catholic Church in general",^[31] an excommunication that the Sacra Rota Romana, to which Fr. Kovpak appealed, declared null on procedural grounds. The SSPX has links also with various other "unattached" priests and religious who say they share its Traditionalist Catholic emphasis on law, liturgy and catechism. Saint Josaphat Kuncevyc of Polotsk. ... Father Basil Kovpak, an excommunicated priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, is the founder and current head of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of Saint Josaphat, which rejects some of the decisions of the Second Vatican Council, as well as the Catholic Churchs position on ecumenism and interreligious dialogue. ... The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... His Eminence Lubomyr Cardinal Husar (born 26 February 1933) is a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, Major Archbishop of Lviv of the Ukrainians, and is the primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the second largest church of the Catholic Communion. ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a major archbishop is an Eastern Rite hierarch who has the same jurisdiction in his sui juris particular church that an Eastern rite patriarch does, but whose episcopal see is less prestigious than a patriarchal see. ... The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous particular Churches in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... The Tribunal of the Rota Romana or Roman Rota is the normal appellate tribunal of the Holy See and the second highest ecclesiastical court in the Roman Catholic Church. ... A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... A liturgy is the customary public worship of a religious group, according to their particular traditions. ... Codex Manesse, fol. ...

Archbishop Lefebvre, who as superior general had been unable to impose his will on the representatives of the Holy Ghost Fathers at their September 1968 general chapter,^[32] gave the Society a statute that excludes elected representatives from SSPX general chapters, in which the only participants are office-holders (appointed personally by the superior general) together with (in a more limited number) the most senior members. There are similar restrictions within the Districts into which the Society is divided.

Negotiations with the Holy See

For a number of years after the 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the SSPX and the Holy See. This state of affairs ended when the Society led a large pilgrimage to Rome for the year 2000 Jubilee. Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos of the Ecclesia Dei Commission approached the SSPX bishops during the pilgrimage and told them that the Pope was prepared to grant them a personal prelature without territorial limits — the same canonical structure as that enjoyed by Opus Dei.^[33] The SSPX leadership responded with distrust,^[34] saying that Castrillón was vague on how this structure would be implemented and supported,^{[citation needed]} and considering what they regarded as objectionable conduct on the Vatican's part at the time of the 1988 consecrations^{[citation needed]} and in relation to the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter.^[35] They required two preliminary "signs" before continuing negotiations: that the Holy See grant permission for all priests to celebrate the Tridentine Mass, and declare null its earlier declarations that the 1988 consecrations had resulted in excommunication.^[36] The concept of the Jubilee is a special year of remission of sins and universal pardon. ... DarÃo Cardinal CastrillÃ³n Hoyos (born July 4, 1929) is a Colombian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The Ecclesia Dei Commission is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church aiming to bring back traditionalist catholics into communion with Rome, primarily the Society of Saint Pius X. It is headed by Cardinal DarÃo CastrillÃ³n Hoyos. ... A prelate is a member of the clergy having a special canonical jurisdiction over a territory or a group of people; usually, a prelate is a bishop. ... JosemarÃa EscrivÃ¡, the founder of Opus Dei Opus Dei, formally known as The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, is an organization of the Catholic Church that emphasizes the Catholic belief that everyone is called to holiness and that ordinary life is a path to sanctity. ... Father Josef Bisig, one of the founding members of the FSSP, with Pope John Paul II in Vatican City. ... The Tridentine Mass (Pontifical High Mass) being celebrated at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church in Wyandotte, Michigan - 1949. ...

Cardinal Castrillón refused to grant interviews on the matter, in order, as he said, "to maintain the privacy of the details of our dialogue". This silence was broken when his letter of 5 April 2002 to Bishop Bernard Fellay, Superior General of the SSPX, was later published.^[37] The letter contained the text of a protocol summarizing the meeting between the two men held on 29 December 2000, a document that Bishop Fellay accepted at a further meeting the next day. The protocol envisaged a reconciliation on the basis of the protocol of 5 May 1988; the excommunications of 1988 would be lifted, rather than declared null. In his letter, the Cardinal proposed continuing negotiations with Bishop Fellay by means of personal meetings. is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

In keeping with Cardinal Castrillón's desire to avoid counterproductive publicity, the reports of the Ecclesia Dei Commission appearing in the annual publication L'Attività della Santa Sede (Libreria Editrice Vaticana) for the years 2000 and those immediately following make no mention of these negotiations. The 2000 report merely says that the commission continued its patient work of reconciling with the Catholic Church priests, seminarians and religious communities previously belonging to the Fraternity of St Pius X. The SSPX name does not appear at all in the reports for 2001 and 2002, which do speak of the discussions that early in the latter year brought about the admission to full communion of the Priestly Union of St Jean-Marie Vianney in Campos, Brazil, which was granted the status of a Personal Apostolic Administration within that diocese. Full communion is completeness of that relationship between Christian individuals and groups which is known as communion. ... Communion, more widely known as the Eucharist, is the rite that Christians perform in fulfillment of Jesuss instruction, as recounted in the New Testament (Luke 22:19; 1 Corinthians 11:24-25), to do in memory of him what at his Last Supper he did when he gave his... AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer, who was born on 20 June 1904 and ordained a priest on 30 October 1927, was Bishop of the Diocese of Campos in Brazil from 3 January 1949 until his resignation on 29 August 1981. ...

The 2003 report of the Ecclesia Dei Commission is thus the first of its 21st-century reports to speak of serious dialogue between SSPX and the Holy See:

The 2004 report had less to say about SSPX: "Again this year, dialogue at various levels continued, though slowly, with the Saint Pius X Fraternity. The Cardinal President had meetings, some at a high level, in this regard. On the Holy See's side, the effective proposals for regularizing the situation remain unaltered."^[39]

The 2005 report states: "During the year, the Cardinal President intensified dialogue with the Fraternity of St Pius X, finding that it had somewhat improved, with more concrete prospects of reaching more perfect communion. The Cardinal President had some meetings in this regard with His Excellency Bishop B. Fellay and other members in leadership positions, and kept up an exchange of correspondence."^[40]

Without having the meeting listed as one of his official audiences of the day, Pope Benedict XVI, the former Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger who in 1988 had in vain negotiated on behalf of Pope John Paul II with Archbishop Lefebvre, received for 35 minutes on 29 August 2005 Bishop Bernard Fellay, who had requested the meeting.^[41] There was no breakthrough, but statements from both sides spoke of the atmosphere as positive. It was unofficially reported that the SSPX question was among the topics for discussion at a meeting of the Pope with Roman Curia officials on 13 February 2006^[42] and one with cardinals on 23 March of the same year.^[43] This article is becoming very long. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Roman Curia â€” usually called the Vatican â€” is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See, coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Summorum Pontificum‎

On July 7, 2007 the Pope issued the Apostolic Letter "motu proprio" Summorum Pontificum‎. This document loosens the requirements on the use of the traditional Latin Mass by the Catholic community as a whole. The move is seen as an effort to reconcile with the SSPX. In a letter issued alongside Summorum Pontificum, the Pope wrote that he issued the motu proprio to aid in "interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church" and to "it possible for all those who truly desire unity to remain in that unity or to attain it anew."^[44] One of the expectations that the SSPX had in normalizing relations with Rome was the universal availability of all priests to celebrate the traditional mass. In Summorum Pontificum, the Pope declares, "It is, therefore, permissible to celebrate the Sacrifice of the Mass following the typical edition of the Roman Missal promulgated by Bl. John XXIII in 1962 and never abrogated."^[45] A motu proprio is a papal rescript in which the clause motu proprio (Latin, of his own motion) is used, signifying that the provisions of the rescript were decided by the Pope personally and not by a cardinal or other advisors. ... The recitation of the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar at the start of a Tridentine Mass Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs) is the Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI issued motu proprio which grants greater freedom for the celebration of Mass according to the Missal promulgated by...

However, in a letter accompanying Summorum Pontificum, Pope Benedict XVI wrote, "Needless to say, in order to experience full communion, the priests of the communities adhering to the former usage cannot, as a matter of principle, exclude celebrating according to the new books. The total exclusion of the new rite would not in fact be consistent with the recognition of its value and holiness."^[44] Thus, while opening the door to the Latin Mass, the Pope expects the SSPX to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Mass of Paul VI. SSPX Superior General, Bishop Fellay wrote, "The letter which accompanies the Motu Proprio does not hide however the difficulties that still remain." Fellay goes on to indicate that the Society is eager "after the decree of excommunication which still affects its bishops has been withdrawn – to consider more serenely the disputed doctrinal issues."^[46] The Mass of Pope Paul VI is the liturgy of the Catholic Mass of the Roman Rite as revised after the Second Vatican Council (1962â€“1965). ... Bernard Fellay (born April 12, 1958 in Sierre, Switzerland) is a bishop and the current Superior General of the Society of St. ...

Controversies and criticism

Alleged political extremism

In French society, there is a significant overlap between traditional Roman Catholicism and support for very conservative political positions. French supporters of the SSPX are claimed to denounce the French Revolution, which overthrew the absolutist Catholic House of Bourbon, and the secular French Republic which emerged from it. There is a perception that there is a significant overlap between support for the SSPX and support for the Front National, a controversial French political party which is generally regarded as being on the extreme right of the political spectrum. In 1985, the French periodical Présent quoted Archbishop Lefebvre as endorsing the FN's leader, Jean-Marie le Pen, on the basis that he was the only major French politician who unambiguously condemned abortion. In 1991, the then SSPX priest Fr. Philippe Laguérie made similar comments.^[47] On the other hand, the SSPX as an organization takes no official political stance, and it has French adherents who support the mainstream conservative Gaullist parties rather than the NF. A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... The French Revolution (1789â€“1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Also see: Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... This article is about the French political party, not the WWII French resistance movement Front national. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La TrinitÃ©-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... Charles de Gaulle, in his generals uniform Gaullism (French: Gaullisme) is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ...

The SSPX college and parish at St Mary's, Kansas was criticised in 1992 for allegedly promoting fascistic, un-American political ideas and undermining American patriotism:

It was also claimed that the then ranking priest at St Mary's, Fr. Ramon Angles, had a fondness for Nazi memorabilia - an allegation that Fr. Angles strongly denied. Critics of the SSPX also claimed that the college bookstore stocked The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and The Talmud Unmasked. 1992 Russian language imprint, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet image The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Russian: , see also other titles) is an antisemitic text that purports to describe a Jewish and Masonic plot to achieve world domination. ...

St Nicolas du Chardonnet

In 1977, a group of SSPX priests and laypeople led by Monsignor François Ducaud-Bourget entered the parish church of St Nicolas du Chardonnet in central Paris and celebrated Mass. They subsequently refused to leave, and the church remains in the possession of the SSPX to this day. Monsignor is an ecclesiastical honorific title for clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. ... St. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

The older churches in France entered the ownership of the State following the 1905 Law on the Separation of Church and State, but are permitted to be used by the appropriate religious denominations. Ducaud-Bourget maintained that the SSPX were the true heirs of the Catholics of 1905 to whom use of the church had been granted. The occupation was, however, declared illegal by the French secular courts,^[48] though the authorities reached the conclusion that, by comparison with forcibly evicting the SSPX, tolerating the continuing occupation would be the lesser of the two evils. It is claimed that Mass attendance at the church has consistently been very high.

An SSPX attempt in 1993 to occupy another church in Paris, that of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, was unssuccessful.

Alleged anti-Semitism

It has been claimed that anti-Semitism exists within some circles in the Society - an allegation which supporters of the SSPX consider offensive and incorrect, noting that the Society has members and adherents who themselves have Jewish backgrounds.^[49] The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...

The views of Bishop Richard Williamson, one of the four bishops consecrated by Archbishop Lefebvre in 1988, have been a particular source of controversy (and embarrassment to some SSPX supporters) in the United States. For example, Bishop Wiliamson has written: Bishop Richard Williamson, SSPX. Here seen in the streets of Rome during the Holy Year of 2000. ...

Bishop Williamson's supporters counter that he has never advocated racist hatred of Jews, and that he hopes for the Jews' conversion and salvation. Williamson is, moreover, perceived as being a somewhat atypical figure whose views are not necessarily representative of those of his brother bishops and priests. This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antichrist. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: , ; Aramaic: ; the Anointed One) at first meant any person who was anointed with oil on rising to a certain position among the ancient Israelites, at first that of High priest, later that of King and also that of a prophet. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... This T-and-O map, which abstracts the known world to a cross inscribed within an orb, remakes geography in the service of Christian iconography. ... Racism is a belief or concept that inherent differences between people, in particular those upon which the concept of race is based, determine cultural or individual achievement, and may involve the idea that ones self-identified race or ethnic group or others race or ethnic group is superior. ...

In 1989, Paul Touvier, a former official of the Vichy regime who was wanted for war crimes, was arrested inside the SSPX priory in Nice. The SSPX stated at the time that Touvier had been granted asylum at the Priory as "an act of charity to a homeless man".^[51] Touvier was convicted in 1994 of ordering the execution of seven Jews at Rillieux-la-Pape on July 29, 1944, allegedly in reprisal for the Resistance's killing of the Vichy minister Philippe Henriot. Touvier was sentenced to life imprisonment and died of cancer in 1996.^[52] A Requiem Mass was offered for the repose of his soul at the SSPX church of St Nicolas du Chardonnet.^{[citation needed]} Touvier had expressed remorse for his actions and had asked for forgiveness. Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Paul Touvier (April 3, 1915 - July 17, 1996) was the only Frenchman to be convicted of war crimes against humanity. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state - 1940 â€” 1944 Philippe PÃ©tain President of the Council - 1940 â€” 1942 Philippe PÃ©tain - 1942 â€” 1944 Pierre Laval... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar). ... Rillieux-la-Pape is a commune of the RhÃ´ne dÃ©partement, in France. ... In warfare, a reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of the laws of war to punish an enemy for breaking the laws of war. ... Members of the Maquis in La Tresorerie For other uses, see Maquis. ... Philippe Henriot (January 7, 1889, Reimsâ€”June 28, 1944, Paris) was a French politician. ... Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually 50 years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... A requiem is a Roman Catholic mass performed in commemoration of the dead, also known in Latin as the Missa pro Defunctis. ... St. ...

The SSPX was most recently accused of anti-Semitism in a 2006 report on Traditionalist Catholicism conducted by the American Southern Poverty Law Center. Defenders of the Society of St. Pius X have pointed out what they see as grave inconsistencies in the report and accused the SPLC of using the word "Anti-Semitism" as a means of "silencing opponents of liberalism."^[53] They have drawn parallels to similar accusations against conservative Jewish scholars like Dr Norman Finkelstein. Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A traditionalist Catholic is a Roman Catholic who believes that there should be a restoration of the liturgical forms, public and private devotions, and presentation of Catholic teachings that prevailed in the Catholic Church just before the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). ... The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American non-profit legal organization, whose stated purpose is to combat racism and promote civil rights through research, education and litigation. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Norman Finkelstein on Democracy Now! Norman G. Finkelstein (born December 8, 1953) is an American professor of political science and author. ...

The traditional doctrine of the Catholic Church, repeated by the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church,^[54] teaches that all non-Christians, including Jews, should be evangelized and converted to Catholicism,^[55] but does not countenance hatred of Jews. Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is one of the principal documents of the Second Vatican Council. ...

Allegations of complicity in terrorist crimes

The SSPX encountered criticism when it emerged that that James Kopp, a fugitive wanted for the murder of an American abortion doctor, had become a parishioner at the SSPX chapel in Dún Laoghaire, Ireland.[13] Those who had known Kopp there expressed shock and horror upon learning his real identity. However, unidentified priests were rumored to have aided Kopp in his flight to France after his photograph was published in the Irish press.[14] James Charles Kopp was convicted in 2003 for the murder of Dr. Barnett Slepian, a New York state physician who performed abortions. ... Look up fugitive in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... // Statistics Population ( ) Georges street DÃºn Laoghaire (Irish pronunciation ; anglicised spelling Dunleary, pronunciation ) (the original Irish spelling is now almost always used in preference to the anglicised forms) is a suburban seaside town and ferry port, situated some 12 km (7 mi) south of Dublin city centre, in Ireland...

In 2002-2003, Jean Trouchaud (alias Florian Scheckler), a parishioner at St Nicolas du Chardonnet church in Paris, toyed with the idea of suicide-bombing a synagogue before instead planning to mount an attack on the Grand Mosque in Paris [15]. He went as far as to procure ingredients for explosives, though a test explosion was unsuccessful. At one point, he allegedly informed a priest at St Nicolas du Chardonnet, but the latter was prevented from reporting the plan to the authorities by the seal of confession. [16] Trouchaud was arrested following a tip-off and later sentenced to four years in prison. A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. ... A synagogue (from ancient Greek: , transliterated synagogÄ“, assembly; Hebrew: beit knesset, house of assembly; Yiddish: , shul; Ladino: , esnoga) is a Jewish house of worship. ... A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... For Roman Catholic priests, the confidentiality of anything that they learn from penitents during the course of confession is absolute. ...

Other Controversies

A number of groups whose following overlaps with that of the SSPX, such as the Scouts de France, have been accused of extremist leanings. ^[56] In 1998, the Scouts de France were subjected to international scrutiny following an accident at Perros-Guirec that claimed the lives of four marine scouts and of a sailor who died in an attempt to save them.^[57] A media frenzy followed, as it was alleged that in the days leading up to the accident, the children had been exposed to a harsh disciplinary regime by Fr. Cottard, the SSPX priest who was supervising the trip. They had spent the night before their deaths forced to sleep on the pebbled beach. Despite the fact that they failed to return on time from a sailing trip, Fr. Cottard failed to call the emergency services for almost 8 hours, and had not taken basic safety precautions such as properly checking the weather forecast. Logo of the Scouts et Guides de France Historic emblem of the Guides de France Historic emblem of the Scouts de France Scouts et Guides de France (SGdF) is the largest Scouting and Guiding association in France. ...

This was only one of a series of controversies linked to the Scouts de France. A few days earlier, 72 girls had been hospitalised for sunstroke sustained during an outdoor Mass in the Cantal region. A week after the Perros-Guirec incident, a 14 year old scout was allegedly left alone in a forest, without map or compass, and told to find his own way back to his camp some 18 kilometers away. This was intended as a punishment for hitch-hiking during a march.[17] A year earlier, the parent of a marine-scout who attended a camp in Brittany alleged that her son returned having learned to sing Vichy songs. Other parents however dismissed these claims as contrary to their own impressions and information.[18] This spate of incidents is alleged to have created a movement of distrust against the Scouts de France, and by association against all traditionalist Catholics in France. A Medieval Low Mass by a bishop. ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state - 1940 â€” 1944 Philippe PÃ©tain President of the Council - 1940 â€” 1942 Philippe PÃ©tain - 1942 â€” 1944 Pierre Laval... Traditionalist Catholic and Traditional Catholic are broad terms used to denote Roman Catholics who reject some or all of the reforms that were instituted after the Second Vatican Council, in particular the revised rite of Mass, which was promulgated in 1969 by Pope Paul VI as part of the process...

Notable groups that separated from the SSPX

The Society of St. ... The Roman Missal (Missale Romanum) is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Latin rite of Mass. ... The Blessed John XXIII wearing a Papal Tiara Angelo Roncalli was born in Sotto il Monte (province of Bergamo), Italy on November 25, 1881. ... Paul VI, Giovanni Battista Enrica Antonia Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), served as Pope from 1963 to 1978. ... John Paul I, seen here on the papal throne, is wearing an inexpensive silver pectoral cross, not the standard golden cross worn by Popes and his uncut hair, simply brushed back, was considered unusual but more genuine and modest than the dandy coifs of the other Cardinals. ... Official papal image of John Paul II. His Holiness Pope John Paul II, né Karol Józef Wojtyła (born May 18, 1920 in Wadowice, Poland), is the current Pope — the Bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Sede vacante coat of arms, used by the Holy See from a Popes death to the election of his successor Sedevacantism (/sedÉ™vÉ™kÃ¦ntizm/) is a theological position embraced by a minority of traditionalist Catholics which holds that the Papal See has been vacant since the death of... The Society of St. ... The Istituto Mater Boni Consilii or the Institute of the Mother of Good Counsel is a Traditionalist Catholic congretation of priests that follows the Sedeprivationist school of thought. ... Father Josef Bisig, one of the founding members of the FSSP, with Pope John Paul II in Vatican City. ... The EcÃ´ne Consecrations are those by which Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated four Catholic bishops on 30 June 1988, notwithstanding the express prohibition of the Pope. ... AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer, who was born on 20 June 1904 and ordained a priest on 30 October 1927, was Bishop of the Diocese of Campos in Brazil from 3 January 1949 until his resignation on 29 August 1981. ... Bishop AntÃ´nio de Castro Mayer (Â° 1904 Campinas, SÃ£o Paulo â€“ â€ April 25, 1991 Campos, Rio de Janeiro) was a Roman Catholic bishop and bishop of the diocese of Campos, Brazil. ... The Most Reverend Dr. Marcel-FranÃ§ois Lefebvre (November 29, 1905â€“March 25, 1991), better known as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, was a French Roman Catholic bishop. ... Licinio Rangel (b. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: This article is about a title... Bishop Rifan with Pope Benedict XVI at St. ... The Institute of the Good Shepherd is a Catholic society of apostolic life of priests who were members of the Society of Saint Pius X, but are now in full communion with the Holy See. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

^ "The success of Ecône provided so dramatic a contrast to this débâcle that its very existence became intolerable for some French bishops. They referred to it as Le Séminaire Sauvage — the Wildcat Seminary — giving the impression that it had been set up illegally without the authorization of the Vatican. This appellation was seized upon gleefully by the Liberal Catholic press throughout the world and soon the terms 'Ecône' and 'Wildcat Seminary' became synonymous."Volume 1, Chapter 2 Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre by Michael Davies
^ "Archbishop Lefebvre was told that this examination was very positive and that he just had to come to Rome and clarify some questions."Conference of Father Franz Schmidberger, Superior General of the Society of St. Pius X at Rockdale, Sydney, Australia October 16, 1990 by Father Gerard Hogan and Father François Laisney]
^ The DECLARATION of Archbishop Lefebvre made at Econe, Switzerland on November 21, 1974 APPENDIX I
^ Nos igitur iterum adhortamur hos Nostros fratres ac filios, eosque exoramus, ut conscii fiant gravium vulnerum quae secus Ecclesiae illaturi sunt. Invitationem ipsis iteramus, ut secum recogitent gravia Christi monita de Ecclesiae unitate (Cfr. Io. 17, 21 ss.) ac de oboedientia erga legitimum Pastorem, ab Ipso universo gregi praepositum, cum signum oboedientiae sit quae Patri ac Filio debetur (Cfr. Luc. 10, 16). Nos eos aperto corde exspectamus apertisque bracchiis ad eos prompte amplectendos: utinam humilitatis exemplum praebentes, ad gaudium Populi Dei rursus viam unitatis et amoris ingredi valeant! (Consistory for the creation of twenty new Cardinals (May 24, 1976)
^ "The situation is such, the work placed in our hands by the good Lord is such, that faced with this darkness in Rome, faced with the Roman authorities' pertinacity in error, faced with this refusal to return to Truth or Tradition on the part of those who occupy the seats of authority in Rome, faced with all these things, it seems to us that the good Lord is asking for the Church to continue. This is why it is likely that before I give account of my life to the good Lord, I shall have to consecrate some bishops" (Sermon on 29 June 1987)
^ (Encyclical Ad Apostolorum Principis, 41)
^ Which can be found online here as a pdf. The Fraternity of St. Peter agreed to this version
^ Online Here
^ Ecclesia Dei
^ Canon 751
^ Canon 1382
^ Canon 1323
^ Archbishop Lefebvre and Canons 1323:4° and 1324 §1:5°
^ Profile of the Pontifical Council Ecclesia Dei
^ Status of the Society of St. Pius X, Letter No.343/98 of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, signed by its Secretary, Monsignor Camille Perl. The heading of the letter and its registration under a protocol number of the Commission show that this is an official letter of the Commission, not some private correspondence of Monsignor Perl.
^ ^a ^b Status of the Society of St. Pius X Masses, Letter No. 117/95 of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, over the signature of its Secretary, Monsignor Camille Perl
^ "Unfortunately Monsignor Lefebvre went ahead with the consecration and hence the situation of separation came about, even if it was not a formal schism" (30 Giorni 09/2005).
^ Interview on Italian television channel Canale 5
^ An English translation adjusted to conform to the original text on Die Tagespost of 8 February 2007
^ Latin Mass Magazine, Fall 1995
^ ^a ^b Letter to Joseph E. Rebbert, N.539/99
^ Letter by Msgr. Camille Perl Regarding Society of St. Pius X Masses
^ Apostolic Nunciature, Washington, D.C.
^ ^a ^b My interview with His Lordship, Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, of the Society of St. Pius X, for the print version of the Remnant Sunday, April 30, 2006, on TrueRestoration.com
^ «Ses écrits passés sont pleins d'erreurs modernistes. Or, le modernisme est la synthèse de toutes les hérésies (Pascendi, saint Pie X). Donc, comme hérétique, Ratzinger dépasse de loin les erreurs protestantes de Luther comme l'a très bien dit Mgr Tissier de Mallerais.» Mgr Williamson estime encore que les actes du concile Vatican II «sont beaucoup trop subtilement et profondément empoisonnés pour qu'il faille les réinterpréter. Un gâteau en partie empoisonné va tout entier à la poubelle!».[1]
^ The Validity of Confessions & Marriages in the chapels of the SSPX, A Canonical Study by Rev. Father Ramon Angles
^ The SSPX & Annulments
^ Letter to Bishop Bernard Fellay
^ Is the Society of St. Pius X in Schism?
^ Statistics of the SSPX
^ Lefebvrite Priest Excommunicated from Greek Catholic Church
^ "With no authorisation from the Congregation for Religious, they wanted the chapter to be presided over by a triumvirate which meant that I, the Superior General, was not to preside over the chapter at all even though it was clearly written in the constitutions that the Superior General was to be in charge of all business discussed at the General Chapter." July/August 2003 Monsignor Lefebvre in his own words, Society of Saint Pius X - Southern Africa
^ John-Paul II went as far as to offer Lefebvre a personal prelature (Aspects of Contemporary France, by Sheila Perry, ISBN 0-415-13180-4, page 159); So I told all these things to the Cardinal and then he said, "So, here's what Rome proposes to you: We want a solution in which we solve the problem of bishops, bishops who would be ordinaries, that is, true bishops, maybe with dioceses, and priests and faithful." He spoke about an arrangement like that of Opus Dei, that is, a personal prelature (talk given by Bishop Bernard Fellay at St. Vincent de Paul Church, Kansas City, Missouri on March 5, 2002). However, on an earlier occasion Bishop Fellay said that what was under consideration was not a personal prelature but an apostolic administration (Communicantes: August 2001).
^ The Superior General expressed his point of view, his distrust, his apprehension (Statement of Bishop Fellay to SSPX Members & Friends January 22, 2001)
^ "Rome’s failure to understand our position is such that if today we accepted their agreement, tomorrow we would have to undergo exactly the same treatment as Saint Peter’s Fraternity, which is muzzled, and being led where it does not want to go".See also.
^ On January 16, there was another meeting with Cardinal Castrillon, during which the Superior General exposed the necessity of having guaranties from Rome before going ahead in the details of eventual discussions or an agreement: That the Tridentine Mass be granted to all priests of the entire world; That the censures against the Bishops be declared null (Statement of Bishop Fellay to SSPX Members & Friends January 22, 2001); We thus did require these two signs, first the withdrawal of the decree of excommunication and, secondly, the permission for all the priests of the Latin rite, without distinction, to celebrate the traditional Mass. I believe these two steps would have been able to create a truly new climate in the universal Church (http://www.sspx.ca/Communicantes/Aug2001/Our_Hope_After_the_Battle.htm Interview with Bishop Fellay, August 2001, Angelus magazine)
^ Letter to Fellay
^ 2003 edition of L'Attività della Santa Sede (ISBN 88-209-7583-1), page 1097
^ 2004 edition of L'Attività della Santa Sede (ISBN 88-209-7752-4), page 1090
^ 2005 edition of L'Attività della Santa Sede (ISBN 88-209-7831-8), page 1168
^ Rarely has a 35-minute audience, one that didn't even appear on the pope's official list of engagements, made as much of a splash as Benedict XVI's "private" Aug. 29 encounter with Bishop Bernard Fellay, superior of the Society of St. Pius X, the body founded in 1970 by French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Benedict and the Lefebvrites, John L. Allen, Jr., Word From Rome, National Catholic Reporter, September 2, 2005
^ Pope, Curia to discuss reconciliation with SSPX
^ National Catholic Reporter, 24 March 2006
^ ^a ^b Letter Accompanying Summorum Pontificum
^ Summorum Pontificum.
^ Press Release from the Superior General of the SSPX.
^ "Philippe Laguérie qui établissait dès 1991 que le Front National était «le parti le moins éloigné du droit naturel»";[2] "l'abbé Philippe Laguérie qui, dès 1991, estimait que le Front national était 'le parti le moins éloigné du droit naturel', notamment en raison de son refus de l'avortement. Bien entendu, vous imaginez ce qu'ils pensent de la laïcité, de l'homosexualité, de la place de la femme dans la société";[3] "L'abbé Philippe Laguérie, curé de la paroisse Saint-Éloi, Bordeaux, curé auto proclamé et non reconnu par l'évêque de Bordeaux , et ayant par ailleurs été exclu en 2004 de la FSSPX, avait reconnu en 1991 le Front national comme «le parti le moins éloigné du droit naturel», notamment en raison de son refus de l'avortement, tous les autres partis politiques ayant toujours accepté ou toléré l'avortement."[4]
^ "Le Conseil de Paris ... Emet le vœu :- que le Maire de Paris et le Préfet de police mettent tout en œuvre pour faire cesser l'occupation illégale de l'église Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet par des personnes diffusant une propagande raciste, antisémite, sexiste et antidémocratique"[5]
^ For example, Don Floriano Abrahamowicz, superior of the SSPX District of Italy, is a Catholic convert of Jewish descent. Fraternità San Pio X, Italia
^ The Gulf War
^ AngelusOnline Page 831
^ Literature of the Holocaust
^ Liberal Inquisition
^ "Christ, present to us in His Body, which is the Church, is the one Mediator and the unique way of salvation. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. Whosoever, therefore, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary by Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved" (Lumen Gentium, 14).
^ See also Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus.
^ Les Petits Soldats du Scoutisme, Le Monde, 2 septembre 1998, par Roland-Pierre Paringaux.
^ John Lichfield in Paris "Catholic priest 'sent four scouts to their deaths'". Independent, The (London). Oct 19, 1999. FindArticles.com. 21 July 2007.

Apologia pro Marcel Lefebvre was a three volume book written by Michael Davies[1] in support of the French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, founder of the Society of St. ... Michael Davies (March 13, 1936 - September 25, 2004) was a British teacher, and traditionalist Catholic writer of many books about the Catholic Church following the Second Vatican Council. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Bernard Tissier de Mallerais is a Roman Catholic bishop of the controversial traditionalist Society of St. ... This article is about the day. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... John L. Allen, Jr. ... The National Catholic Reporter (NCR) is an independent weekly newspaper published since 1964 by laypeople, nuns and priests of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Latin phrase Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus, meaning: Outside the Church there is no salvation, is a dogma of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Contents

Foundation and early history

The 1988 consecrations

Present canonical status of the SSPX

The SSPX today

Negotiations with the Holy See

Summorum Pontificum‎

Controversies and criticism

Alleged political extremism

St Nicolas du Chardonnet

Alleged anti-Semitism

Allegations of complicity in terrorist crimes

Other Controversies

Notable groups that separated from the SSPX

References

See also

SSPX-affiliated orders

External links

General

Official SSPX Websites

Sites critical of SSPX

Video Footage