FACTOID # 18: Sick of crowds? Move to Greenland! Greenlanders have 38 square kilometres of land per person.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

FACTS & STATISTICS    Simple view

  1. Select countries to view: (hold down Control key and click to select several)

     

     

    Compare:

     

     

  1. Select fact or statistic: (* = graphable)

     

     

     

  2. (OPTIONAL) Compare to statistic: (both need to be graphable)

     

     

     

  3. View result as:

     

       
(OR) SEARCH ALL encyclopedia, stats & forums:   

Encyclopedia > Sodium valproate

Sodium valproate chemical structure
Sodium valproate Image File history File links Sodium_valproate. ...

sodium 2-propylpentanoate
CAS number
1069-66-5
ATC code
N03AG01
Chemical formula C8H15NaO2
Molecular weight 166.20
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism  ?
Elimination half-life  ?
Excretion  ?
Pregnancy category D
Legal status  ?
Routes of administration Oral, Intravenous

Sodium valproate (INN) or valproate sodium (USAN) is the sodium salt of valproic acid and is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. The intravenous formulations are used when oral administration is not possible. Epilim is a popular anticonvulsant in the UK. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ... Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother. ... The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as designated by the World Health Organization. ... There have been a number of attempts to coin an alternative to American as an adjective (a demonym) for United States nationals. ... Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ...

Contents


Formulations

US

Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a pharmaceuticals and health care company. ... Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a pharmaceuticals and health care company. ...

UK

  • Tablets – Orlept® by Wockhardt and Epilim® by Sanofi-Aventis.
  • Oral solution – Orlept® Sugar Free by Wockhardt and Epilim® by Sanofi-Aventis.
  • Syrup – Epilim® by Sanofi-Aventis.
  • Intravenous injection – Epilim® Intravenous by Sanofi-Aventis.
  • Extended release tablets – Epilim Chrono® by Sanofi-Aventis. A combination of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 2.3:1 ratio.

Sanofi-Aventis (Euronext:FR0000120578) (NYSE:SNY), headquartered in Paris, France, is the worlds number 3 company in the pharmaceutical industry (behind Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline, but above Merck and AstraZeneca). ...

Germany, Switzerland, Norway

  • Tablets – Orfiril® by Desitin Pharmaceuticals
  • Intravenous injection – Orfiril® IV by Desitin Pharmaceuticals

South Africa

  • Syrup – Convulex® by Byk Madaus

Canada

Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a pharmaceuticals and health care company. ... Abbott Laboratories NYSE: ABT is a pharmaceuticals and health care company. ...

See also

Valproate semisodium (INN) or divalproex sodium (USAN) consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. ... Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . ...

References

Pyrimidinediones edit

{Primidone} The following are pyrimidinediones: cytidine fluorouracil idoxuridine primidone thymidine trifluridine uridine References Classe : PYRIMIDINEDIONE ... Primidone, is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class whose active metabolites, phenobarbital (minor) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (major), are also anticonvulsants. ...

Bromides edit

{Potassium bromide} ==Definition==;-) A bromide ion is an bromine atom with charge -1. ... Potassium bromide (KBr) is a salt, used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the 1800s. ...

Aldehydes edit

{Paraldehyde} An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... Paraldehyde is the cyclic form of three acetaldehyde molecules (a trimer). ...

Valproylamides edit

{Valpromide} {Valnoctamide} Valpromide (dipropylacetamide, α-propylvaleramide, Diprozin) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid that is considered safer to use than either valproic acid or sodium valproate. ... Valnoctamide has been used in France as a tranquilizer and muscle relaxant since 1964[3] and as an anticonvulsant since starting in 1969 in Portugal. ...

Fructose derivatives edit

{Topiramate} Fructose (or levulose) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. ... In mathematics, the derivative is one of the two central concepts of calculus. ... Topiramate (brand name: Topamax®) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil, a division of Johnson & Johnson. ...

Propionates edit

{Beclamide} The propionate (also propanoate) ion is C2H5COO− (propionic acid minus one hydrogen ion). ... Beclamide (marketed as Chloracon, Hibicon, Posedrine, Nydrane, Seclar, and other names) is a propionate and was used as a sedative and as an anticonvulsant. ...

Aromatic Allylic Alcohols edit

{Stiripentol} In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... An allyl group is an alkene hydrocarbon group with the formula H2C=CH-CH2-. It is made up of a vinyl group, CH2=CH-, attached to a methylene -CH2. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... Stiripentol (marketed as Diacomit by Laboratoires BIOCODEX) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...

Carboxamides edit

{Carbamazepine} {Oxcarbazepine} {Rufinamide} Carboxamides are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ... Carbamazepine (Biston®; Calepsin®; Carbatrol®; Epitol®; Finlepsin®; Sirtal®; Stazepine®; Tegretol®; Telesmin®; Timonil®; Equetro®) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder; but also used to treat schizophrenia and trigeminal neuralgia. ... Oxcarbazepine (Marketed as Trileptal® by Novartis) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ...

Ureas edit

{Pheneturide} {Phenacemide} Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ...

GABA analogs edit

{Gabapentin} {Vigabatrin} {Progabide} {Pregabalin} Gabapentin (brand name: Neurontin®) is an anticonvulsant medication indicated in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. ... Vigabatrin is an anticonvulsant that inhibits the catabolism of GABA. It is an analog of GABA, but it is not a receptor agonist. ... Progabide (INN) is an analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid used in the treatment of epilepsy. ... Pregabalin (brand name: Lyrica®) is a new anticonvulsant drug indicated as an add on therapy for partial onset seizures and for certain types of neuropathic pain. ...

Oxazolidinediones edit

{Trimethadione} {Paramethadione} {Ethadione} The following are oxazolidinediones: paramethadione trimethadione ethadione Categories: Pharmacology stubs | Antiepileptics ... Trimethadione is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. ...

Pyrrolidines edit

{Brivaracetam} {Levetiracetam} {Nefiracetam} {Seletracetam} Flash point 3 °C R/S statement R: 11 20/21/22 35 S: 16 26 28 36/37 45 RTECS number UX9650000 Related compounds Related compounds pyrrole piperidine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and... Levetiracetam (brand name: Keppra®) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy. ... Categories: Stub | Substances of the piracetam group ...

Hydantoins edit

{Ethotoin} {Phenytoin} {Mephenytoin} {Fosphenytoin} Hydantoins are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ... Ethotoin (marketed as Peganone® by Ovation) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ... Phenytoin sodium (marketed as Dilantin® in the USA and as Epanutin® in the UK, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer) is a commonly used antiepileptic. ... Mephenytoin (marketed as Mesantoin® by Novartis) is a hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant. ... Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx®, Parke-Davis) is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used in only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. ...

Sulfonamides edit

{Acetazolamide} {Sultiame} {Methazolamide} {Zonisamide} Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial agents derived from sulfonic acid. ... Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox®, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used to treat glaucoma, epileptic seizures, benign intracranial hypertension and altitude sickness. ... Zonisamide (brand name Zonegran®) is an anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. ...

Carbamates edit

{Felbamate} {Meprobamate} {Emylcamate} {Phenprobamate} Carbamates are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure -NH(CO)O-. More precisely the carbamate group is considered an amide group with an alkoxy or hydroxy functional group next to the carbonyl group. ... Felbamate (marketed as Felbamol by MedPointe) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ... Meprobamate is a tranquilizing drug that acts as a depressant of the central nervous system and is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety and sometimes schizophrenia. ... Emylcamate (marketed as Striatran® by Merck) is an anxiolytic and muscle relaxant. ... Phenprobamate is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. ...

Succinimides edit

{Ethosuximide} {Phensuximide} {Mesuximide} Succinimides are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ... Ethosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures. ...

Fatty acids edit

{Valproic acid} {Sodium valproate} {Valproate semisodium} {Tiagabine} In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. ... Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . ... Valproate semisodium (INN) or divalproex sodium (USAN) consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. ... Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication produced by Cephalon and marketed under the brand name Gabitril. ...


Benzodiazepines edit

{Clobazam} {Clonazepam} {Clorazepate} {Diazepam} {Midazolam} {Lorazepam} {Nitrazepam} Benzodiazepine tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. ... Clobazam is triazolobenzodiazepine, also known as a 1,5-benzodiazepine, meaning that its diazepine ring has its nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 5 positions instead of the usual 1 and 4. ... Clonazepam (marketed by Roche under the trade-name Klonopin® in the United States and Rivotril® in Canada and Europe) is an anticonvulsant sedative-hypnotic anxiolytic (anti-anxiety drug), and a member of the benzodiazepine class of drugs. ... Clorazepate (brand name: Tranxene®) is a member of the group of drugs called benzodiazepines. ... Diazepam, marketed under brand names of Valium®, Seduxen® and, in Europe, Apozepam® and Diapam®, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. ... Midazolam, also known by the trade names Versed®, Hypnovel® and Dormicum®, is a benzodiazepine drug with an imidazole structure. ... Structural formula of lorazepam Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia, as well as certain types of seizures. ... Nitrazepam is a drug also sold under the trade name Mogadon. ...


Barbiturates edit

{Phenobarbital} {Methylphenobarbital} {Metharbital} {Barbexaclone} Barbiturates are drugs that acts as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. ... Phenobarbital (also phenobarbitone or Luminal) is a weak acid with the chemical formula C12H12N2O3. ... Methylphenobarbital (also known as mephobarbital) is marketed in the US as Mebaral by Ovation. ... Metharbital was marketed as Gemonil by Abbott Laboratories. ... Barbexaclone (marketed in Italy as Maliasin by Abbott Laboratories). ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
Depakote (Sodium Valproate and Valproic Acid) drug description - prescription drugs and medications at RxList (435 words)
Divalproex sodium is a stable co-ordination compound comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship and formed during the partial neutralization of valproic acid with 0.5 equivalent of sodium hydroxide.
Divalproex sodium occurs as a white powder with a characteristic odor.
DEPAKOTE tablets are supplied in three dosage strengths containing divalproex sodium equivalent to 125 mg, 250 mg, or 500 mg of valproic acid.
Valproate Sodium advanced consumer information | Drugs.com (2478 words)
Valproic acid, valproate sodium, and divalproex may be used alone or with other seizure medicine.
Valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex may change the time it takes your blood to clot, which may increase the chance of bleeding.
Also, taking valproic acid, valproate sodium, or divalproex together with medicines that are used during surgery or dental or emergency treatments may increase the CNS depressant effects.
  More results at FactBites »


 
COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.