Continuum Mechanics

Conservation of mass Conservation of momentum Navier-Stokes equations Classical mechanics Stress · Strain · Tensor Solid mechanics Solids · Elasticity Plasticity · Hooke's law Rheology · Viscoelasticity Continuum mechanics is a branch of physics (specifically mechanics) that deals with continuous matter, including both solids and fluids (i. ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Bernoullis equation ... The law of conservation of mass/matter, also known as law of mass/matter conservation (or the Lomonosov-Lavoisier law), states that the mass of a closed system of substances will remain constant, regardless of the processes acting inside the system. ... In physics, a conservation law states that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves. ... The Navier-Stokes equations, named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes, are a set of equations which describe the motion of fluid substances such as liquids and gases. ... Classical mechanics (commonly confused with Newtonian mechanics, which is a subfield thereof) is used for describing the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. ... Stress is a measure of force per unit area within a body. ... This article is about the deformation of materials. ... In mathematics, a tensor is (in an informal sense) a generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis; however, as an object in and of itself, a tensor is independent of any chosen frame of reference. ... Solid mechanics is the branch of physics and mathematics that concern the behavior of solid matter under external actions (e. ... Elasticity is a branch of physics which studies the properties of elastic materials. ... For other uses, see Plasticity. ... Hookes law accurately models the physical properties of common mechanical springs for small changes in length. ... Rheology is the study of the deformation and flow of matter under the influence of an applied stress. ... Viscoelasticity, also known as anelasticity, describes materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing plastic deformation. ... Fluid mechanics Fluids · Fluid statics Fluid dynamics · Viscosity · Newtonian fluids Non-Newtonian fluids Surface tension Scientists Newton · Stokes · Navier · Cauchy· Hooke

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A solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. At the microscopic scale, a solid has these properties : This box:      Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids move and the forces on them. ... A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. ... Fluid statics (also called hydrostatics) is the science of fluids at rest, and is a sub-field within fluid mechanics. ... Fluid dynamics is the sub-discipline of fluid mechanics dealing with fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. ... For other uses, see Viscosity (disambiguation). ... A Newtonian fluid (named for Isaac Newton) is a fluid that flows like water—its shear stress is linearly proportional to the velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the plane of shear. ... A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscosity changes with the applied strain rate. ... This box:      Surface tension is an effect within the surface layer of a liquid that causes that layer to behave as an elastic sheet. ... Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. ... Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet FRS (13 August 1819–1 February 1903), was an Irish mathematician and physicist, who at Cambridge made important contributions to fluid dynamics (including the Navier-Stokes equations), optics, and mathematical physics (including Stokes theorem). ... Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier on February 10, 1785 in Dijon, died August 21, 1836 in Paris) was a French engineer and physicist. ... Augustin Louis Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy (August 21, 1789 – May 23, 1857) was a French mathematician. ... Robert Hooke, FRS (July 18, 1635 – March 3, 1703) was an English polymath who played an important role in the scientific revolution, through both experimental and theoretical work. ... Look up solid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... In engineering mechanics, deformation is a change in shape due to an applied force. ... For other uses, see Volume (disambiguation). ...

• The atoms or molecules that compose the solid are packed closely together.
• These constituent elements have fixed positions in space relative to each other. This accounts for the solid's rigidity. In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a unit cell, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way; which is periodically repeated in three dimensions on a lattice. The spacing between unit cells in various directions is called its lattice parameters. The symmetry properties of the crystal are embodied in its space group. A crystal's structure and symmetry play a role in determining many of its properties, such as cleavage, electronic band structure, and optical properties.
  • If sufficient force is applied, either of these properties can be disrupted, causing permanent deformation.
• Because solids have thermal energy, their atoms vibrate. However, this movement is very small, and cannot be observed or felt under ordinary conditions.

The branch of physics that deals with solids is called solid-state physics, and is a type of condensed matter physics. Materials science is primarily concerned with properties of solids such as strength and phase transformations. It overlaps strongly with solid-state physics. Solid-state chemistry overlaps both of these fields, but is especially concerned with the synthesis of novel materials. For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). ... 3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ... Look up position in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the idea of space. ... Look up cleavage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In thermal physics, thermal energy is the energy portion of a system that increases with its temperature. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Solid-state physics, the largest branch of condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid matter, or solids. ... Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. ... The Materials Science Tetrahedron, which often also includes Characterization at the center Materials science or Materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Solid-state chemistry is the study of solid materials, which may be molecular. ...

The lightest known solid is aerogel. The lightest aerogel produced has a density of 1.9 mg/cm³ or 1.9 kg/m³ (1/530 the density of water). A 2. ... The milligram (symbol mg) is an SI unit of mass. ... Kg redirects here. ...