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Somalia or Somolia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in East Africa. Continentally, it is entirely surrounded by Ethiopia and Djibouti on the north and mid-west, and Kenya on its south-west; with the Gulf of Aden on its east. It currently exists solely in a de jure capacity, which can be described as anarchy. Somalia has no recognized central government authority, no national currency, nor any other feature associated with a remotely-established nation state. De facto authority resides in the hands of the governments for the unrecognized entities of Somaliland, Puntland, and other small rival warlords. Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...
East Africa is a region generally considered to include: Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Tanzania Uganda [[Image:Example. ...
The Gulf of Aden is located in the Indian Ocean between Yemen on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia in Africa. ...
De jure (in Classical Latin de iure) is an expression that means by law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one is describing political situations. ...
Anarchy ( New Latin anarchia) is a term that has a number of different but related usages. ...
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De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...
Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland) is a former British territory located in the northwest region of Somalia in the Horn of Africa. ...
National motto: None Official language Somali Capital Garowe President Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde Vice-President Dr. Mohamed Ali Yusuf Area - Total < 200,000 - 300,000 km², in dispute Population - Total (2000) - Density 2,500,000 ~5/km², uncertain Independence - Declared - Recognition 1998 none Currency Somali Shilling Time zone UTC+3...
German Emperors bore the title of Warlord (German: Kriegsherr), sometimes as a formal label of honour, sometimes in grim earnest. ...
This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ...
Flag ratio: ~2:3 The flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954. ...
Here is a list of state mottos for countries and their subdivisions around the world. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ...
A Mogadishu boy straddles the remains of a US Black Hawk helicopter during the 1992-1995 UN peacekeeping operation Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho) is a city in eastern Africa, on the Indian Ocean. ...
This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ...
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( Somali: Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed) (born (alleged) December 15, 1934 in the town of Galkayo, Mudug, Somalia) is the transitional President of Somalia. ...
De jure (in Classical Latin de iure) is an expression that means by law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one is describing political situations. ...
Prof. ...
De jure (in Classical Latin de iure) is an expression that means by law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one is describing political situations. ...
This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ...
Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ...
Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ...
This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ...
July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ...
1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Somali shilling is a currency used in the African nation of Somalia. ...
Time zones are areas of the Earth that have adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ...
UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ...
The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ...
After its independence from Italy and the United Kingdom in 1960, the Somali Republic adopted a new national anthem, written by Giuseppe Blanc (1886-1969). ...
A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ...
.so is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Somalia. ...
At a glance In depth Zone 1 – North American Numbering Plan Area (nanpa. ...
History Main article: History of Somalia Early History The original settlers of the Somali region were ethnic Cushites from the fertile lakes of southern Ethiopia. ...
Intermittent civil war has been a fact of life in Somalia since 1977. In 1991, the northern portion of the country declared its independence as Somaliland; although de facto independent and relatively stable compared to the tumultuous south, it has not been recognized by any foreign government. A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ...
For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland) is a former British territory located in the northwest region of Somalia in the Horn of Africa. ...
Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but the UN withdrew in Operation United Shield by March 3, 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order had still not been restored. 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) Events Media:January January 1 - Czechoslovakia divides. ...
The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ...
March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ...
1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Yet again another secession from Somalia took place in the northeastern region. The self-proclaimed state took the name Puntland after declaring "temporary" independence in 1998, with the intention that it would participate in any Somali reconciliation to form a new central government. National motto: None Official language Somali Capital Garowe President Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde Vice-President Dr. Mohamed Ali Yusuf Area - Total < 200,000 - 300,000 km², in dispute Population - Total (2000) - Density 2,500,000 ~5/km², uncertain Independence - Declared - Recognition 1998 none Currency Somali Shilling Time zone UTC+3...
1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
A third seccession occurred in 1998 with the declaration of the state of Jubaland. The territory of Jubaland is now encompassed by the state of Southwestern Somalia and its status is unclear. Jubaland (also Jubbaland, Trans-Juba, It: Oltre Giuba) is the southwesternmost part of Somalia, on the far side of the Jubba River (thus the trans- name), bordering on Kenya. ...
A fourth self-proclaimed entity led by the Rahanweyn Resistance Army (RRA) was set up in 1999, along the lines of the Puntland. That "temporary" secession was reasserted in 2002. This led to the autonomy of Southwestern Somalia. The RRA had originally set up an autonomous administration over the Bay and Bakool regions of south and central Somalia in 1999. 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Southwestern Somalia is a autonomous self-proclaimed state in Somalia. ...
On December 26, 2004, one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history, the Indian Ocean earthquake, struck off the western coast of Sumatra. The earthquake and subsequent tsunamis reportedly killed over 220,000 people around the rim of the Indian Ocean. Somalia was one of the many countries devastated by the resulting tsunami which struck the Indian Ocean coast, destroying entire villages and killing an estimated 300 people. December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ...
2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC (07:58:53 local time) on December 26, 2004. ...
Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest part of Indonesia. ...
Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998 An earthquake is a trembling or a shaking movement of the Earths surface. ...
The tsunami that struck Malé in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ...
Politics Main article: Politics of Somalia Somalia has no national government at present. ...
Somalia has no effective national government. In the northwest, there is a breakaway republic of Somaliland. In the rest of the country there are various warlords, cf. Puntland and Southwestern Somalia. The internationally-recognised government is the Transitional National Government, originally headed by Abdulkassim Salat Hassan, which controls only part of the capital, Mogadishu. Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland) is a former British territory located in the northwest region of Somalia in the Horn of Africa. ...
National motto: None Official language Somali Capital Garowe President Mohamud Muse Hersi Adde Vice-President Dr. Mohamed Ali Yusuf Area - Total < 200,000 - 300,000 km², in dispute Population - Total (2000) - Density 2,500,000 ~5/km², uncertain Independence - Declared - Recognition 1998 none Currency Somali Shilling Time zone UTC+3...
Southwestern Somalia is a autonomous self-proclaimed state in Somalia. ...
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan (Somali: Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan) (born 1941) is a former de jure president of the internationally-recognised government of Somalia, the Transitional National Government. ...
A Mogadishu boy straddles the remains of a US Black Hawk helicopter during the 1992-1995 UN peacekeeping operation Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho) is a city in eastern Africa, on the Indian Ocean. ...
On October 10, 2004 Somali MPs elected Abdullahi Yusuf, president of Puntland, to be the next president. Because of the chaotic situation in Mogadishu, the election was held in a sports centre in Nairobi, Kenya. Yusuf was elected transitional President by Somalia's transitional parliament. He won 189 of the 275 votes from parliament. The session of Parliament was held in neighbouring Kenya. His government is recognized by most western nations as the country's legitimate rulers, though his actual authority is extremely questionable. October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ...
2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed (Somali: Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed) (born December 15, 1934 in Galkayo, Puntland, Somalia) is the transitional Kenya on October 10, 2004, and sworn in on October 14, 2004. ...
Categories: Africa geography stubs | Capitals in Africa | Kenya ...
Many more small political organizations exist, some clan-based, others seeking a Somalia free from clan-based politics (such as the United Somali Front). Many of them have come into existence since the new president was chosen. The United Somali Front is a political pressure group in Somalia. ...
This is a list of notable people from Somalia. ...
Population Somalia has a population of around 9,890,000. However, estimates are difficult because of the continuing situation. The last census was in 1975. Most outside analysts use this estimate but Somalia is one of the fastest growing countries in Africa and the world. Some estimates range between 6 to 15 million. If current trends continue, Somalia could have as many as 40 million people by 2050. 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ...
Centuries: 20th century - 21st century - 22nd century Decades: 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s 2040s - 2050s - 2060s 2070s 2080s 2090s 2100s Years: 2045 2046 2047 2048 2049 - 2050 - 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 Predictions relating to year 2050 U.S. Air Force expects to retire the B-52 Stratofortress. ...
Provinces Main article: Regions of Somalia Categories: Stub | Lists of subnational entities | Somalia | Regions of Somalia ...
 Diagram of Somalian factions along regional borders Somalia is divided into 18 regions (singular gobolka, plural gobollada): This is a diagram of the factions in Somalia. ...
This is a diagram of the factions in Somalia. ...
Awdal is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Bakool is a region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ...
Banaadir is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Categories: Regions of Somalia | Africa geography stubs ...
Bay is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Categories: Stub | Regions of Somalia ...
Categories: Regions of Somalia | Stub ...
Categories: Regions of Somalia | Africa geography stubs ...
Categories: Stub | Regions of Somalia ...
Jubbada Hoose is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Mudug is a region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ...
Categories: Stub | Regions of Somalia ...
Sanaag is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia, and was formerly part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Categories: Africa geography stubs | Regions of Somalia ...
Shabeellaha Hoose is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ...
Sool is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia, and was formerly part of the British Somaliland protectorate. ...
Togdheer is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Woqooyi Galbeed is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ...
Geography
 Map of Somalia including the self-proclaimed boundary of Somaliland Main article: Geography of Somalia Map of Somalia adopted from the CIA map [1] by adding the boundary of the self-proclaimed but internationally unrecognized Somaliland. ...
Map of Somalia adopted from the CIA map [1] by adding the boundary of the self-proclaimed but internationally unrecognized Somaliland. ...
Africas easternmost country, Somalia has a land area of 637,540 square kilometers, slightly less than that of the state of Texas. ...
Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator between the Gulf of Aden on the north and Indian Ocean on the west. Together with Ethiopia and Djibouti it is often referred to as the Horn of Africa. It borders Djibouti on the northwest, Ethiopia on the west, and Kenya on southwest. Somalia comprises Italy's former Trust Territory of Somalia and the former British Protectorate of Somaliland (now seeking recognition as an independent state). The coastline extends 2,720 kilometres (1,700 mi) -- the most on the continent. The Gulf of Aden is located in the Indian Ocean between Yemen on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia in Africa. ...
The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. ...
Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ...
The British Somaliland Protectorate was a British protectorate in the north part of the Somalia. ...
The northern part of the country is hilly, and in many places the altitude ranges between 900 and 2,100 metres (3,000 ft.-7,000 ft.) above sea level. The central and southern areas are flat, with an average altitude of less than 180 metres (600 ft.). The Juba and the Shebelle Rivers rise in Ethiopia and flow south across the country towards the Indian Ocean. The Shebelle, however, does not reach the sea. The Jubba River is a river in Somalia. ...
Major climatic factors are a year-round hot climate, seasonal monsoon winds, and irregular rainfall with recurring droughts. Mean daily maximum temperatures range from 30°C to 40°C (85° F-105°F), except at higher elevations and along the east coast. Mean daily minimums usually vary from about 15°C to 30°C (60°F-85°F). The southwest monsoon, a sea breeze, makes the period from about May to October the mildest season at Mogadishu. The December-February period of the northeast monsoon is also relatively mild, although prevailing climatic conditions in Mogadishu are rarely pleasant. The "tangambili" periods that intervene between the two monsoons (October-November and March-May) are hot and humid.
Economy Main article: Economy of Somalia Somalia lacks natural resources and faces major development challenges, and recent economic reverses have left its people increasingly dependent on remittances from abroad. ...
One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Furthermore, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. After livestock, bananas are the principal export; sugar, sorghum, maize, and fish are products for the domestic market. The small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, accounts for 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. Moreover, in 1999, continuing civil disturbances in Mogadishu and outlying areas interfered with any substantial economic advance and with international aid arrangements. Species Hybrid origin; see text A banana is a tree-like plant (though strictly a herb) of the genus Musa in the family Musaceae, closely related to plantains. ...
This article deals with sugar as food and as an important, widely traded commodity; the word also has other uses; see Sugar (disambiguation) A sugar is a form of carbohydrate; the most commonly used sugar is a white crystalline solid, sucrose; used to alter the flavor and properties (mouthfeel, perservation...
Species Sorghum × almum Sorghum almum Sorghum bicolor Sorghum caudatum Sorghum × drummondii Sorghum halepense Sorghum propinquum References ITIS 42106 2002-09-22 Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor) is a grass (Family Poaceae), whose seeds are used to make a flour and as cattle feed. ...
Species Zea diploperennis Zea luxurians Zea nicaraguensis Zea perennis References ITIS 42268 2002-09-22 Sorting Zea names This article is about the staple food. ...
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, the most abundant fish species in the world. ...
A Mogadishu boy straddles the remains of a US Black Hawk helicopter during the 1992-1995 UN peacekeeping operation Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho) is a city in eastern Africa, on the Indian Ocean. ...
Demographics Main article: Demographics of Somalia Population: 7,253,137 note: This estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2000 est. ...
As early as the seventh century, indigenous Cushitic peoples began to mingle with Arab and Persian traders who had settled along the coast. Interaction over the centuries led to the emergence of a Somali culture bound by common traditions, a single language, and the Islamic faith. ( 6th century - 7th century - 8th century - other centuries) Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Arabs subjugate Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa and Central Asia to Islam. ...
The Cushitic languages are a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic languages phylum, named after the Biblical figure Cush by analogy with Semitic. ...
Arab (disambiguation). ...
Iran (Persian: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia. ...
Islam (Arabic al-islām الإسلام, listen) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ...
Today, about 60% of all Somalis are nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists who raise cattle, camels, sheep, and goats. About 25% of the population are settled farmers who live mainly in the fertile agricultural region between the Juba and Shebelle rivers in southern Somalia. The remainder of the population (15%-20%) is urban. Communities of nomadic people move from place to place, rather than settling down in one location. ...
Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ...
For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the animal, sheep; for other meanings of Sheep, see Sheep (disambiguation). ...
Categories: Animal stubs ...
The Jubba River is a river in Somalia. ...
Sizable ethnic groups in the country include Bantu agricultural workers, several thousand Arabs and some hundreds of Indians and Pakistanis. Apart from the Brava people who speak a language similar to Swahili, nearly all inhabitants speak the Somali language. The language remained unwritten until October 1973, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) proclaimed it the nation's official language and decreed an orthography using Latin letters. Somali is now the language of instruction in schools, to the extent that these exist. Arabic, English, and Italian also are used extensively. The Bantu refer to over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common language family, the Bantu languages, and in many cases common customs. ...
Swahili (also called Kiswahili; see Kiswahili for a discussion of the nomenclature) is an agglutinative Bantu language widely spoken in East Africa. ...
The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic languages. ...
1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ...
An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans. ...
Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Culture Main article: Culture of Somalia Somali History The origins of the Somalis and their time of entry into present-day Somalia has been debated, with Somalis claiming descent from Arabian families who settled on the coast 1,000 years ago, and historians tracing the origins to pre-15th century. ...
Somalia has the distinction of being one of only a handful of African countries that are composed almost entirely of one ethnic group, the Somalis. ...
Most Somalis are Sunni Muslims. ...
African Writers (by country): This is a list of literary figures from the African continent, listed by country, including poets, novelists, childrens writers, essayists, and scholars, listed by country. ...
Telecommunications Somalia actually has better telecommunication services than its neighbours, despite (or perhaps due to) its lack of government. Some of the factors that have created this situation are lack of a government-granted monopoly and taxation, and the neutrality of telecommunication firms vis-avis the warlords [1] (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4020259.stm). Companies providing telecommunication services are: In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a de jure monopoly) is a monopoly of a product or service granted by government to an individual or organization/company. ...
Netco is a Telecomunication company in Boosaaso, Bari region stablished in 1990 and has a wide range usage in varied regions in somalia. ...
An STG is a Security Threat Group, a term often used at prisons and correctioanl facilities to denote any type of gang activity. ...
See also Telephones - main lines in use: 15,000 (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: NA Telephone system: the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities and charge the lowest international rates on the continent domestic: local cellular telephone...
Railways: 0 km Highways: total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1996 est. ...
The Somali National Army was made up of the army, navy, air force, and air defense command. ...
Somalias only major international dispute is with Ethiopia over the Ogaden. ...
The Building block theory is the employment of development of local administrative units as the basis for a decentralised approach to nation building and unity. ...
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