Soman
Discovery
Discovered by	Richard Kuhn
Discovered in	1944
Chemical characteristics
Chemical name	O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate
Chemical family	Fluorinated organophosphorus compound
Chemical formula	C7H16F02P
NFPA Rating
Boiling point	198 °C (388 °F)
Freezing/melting point	−42 °C (−44 °F)
Vapor pressure	0.40 mmHg (53 Pa) at 25 °C
Vapor relative density (air=1)	6.3
Solubility in water	Moderate
Density at 25 °C	1.022 g/cm3
Appearance and color	When pure, colorless liquid with fruity odor. With impurities, amber or dark brown, with oil of camphor odor

1 Soman is a last name attributed to a family of ethnic east Indians of Chitpavan Kokanastha Brahmin caste originating from the western state of Maharashtra Image File history File links Soman structure. ... Richard Kuhn (December 3, 1900 – August 1, 1967) was a German biochemist, born in Vienna, Austria. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Note: This page soon to be renamed National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jump to: navigation, search The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The vapor pressure is the pressure (if the vapor is mixed with other gases, the partial pressure) of a vapor. ... Relative density (also known as specific gravity) is a measure of the density of a material. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ... Jump to: navigation, search Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... Variation in the physical appearance of humans is believed by anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and social relations in particular physical attractiveness. ... Jump to: navigation, search Color is an important part of the visual arts. ...

2 Soman or GD (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extrememly toxic substance that is one of the world's most dangerous weapons of war. Because it fatally interferes with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system, it is classified as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and its production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Soman was the third of the so-called G-series nerve agents discovered (along with GA (tabun), GB (sarin), and GF (cyclosarin)). Jump to: navigation, search Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals. ... Early detection of chemical agents Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare While the study of chemicals and their military uses was widespread in China, the use of toxic materials has historically been viewed with mixed emotions and some disdain in the West (especially when the enemy were doing it). ... Weapons of Mass Destruction is also the name of rapper Xzibits 2004 album. ... Jump to: navigation, search The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945. ... United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 was adopted at the 2981st meeting on April 3, 1991, to welcome the restoration of the independence of Kuwait. ... Chemical Weapons Convention Opened for signature January 13, 1993 at Paris Entered into force April 29, 1997 Conditions for entry into force Ratification by 50 states and the convening of a Preperatory Commission Parties 170 The Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sarin or GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance. ... Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ...

It is a volatile, corrosive and colourless liquid with a faint odour when pure, more commonly it is a yellow to brown color and has a stronger odour described as camphor. The LCt₅₀ for Soman is 70 mg·min/m³ in humans. It is both more lethal and more persistent than sarin or tabun, but less than cyclosarin. A lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethality of a given substance or type of radiation. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sarin or GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance. ... Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ...

GD can be thickened for use as a chemical spray using an acryloid copolymer. It can also be deployed as a binary chemical weapon; its precursor chemicals are methylphosphonyl difluoride and a mixture of pinacolyl alcohol and an amine. Binary Chemical Weapons are chemical weapons wherein the toxic agent is not contained within the weapon in its active state, but in the form of two chemical precursors, physically separated within the weapon. ...

Alternative names

Soman is occasionally referred to names other than soman or GD:

• Phosphonofluoridic acid, methyl-, 1, 2, 2-trimethylpropyl ester
• Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate
• 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate
• Methylpinacolyloxyfluorophosphine oxide
• Pinacolyloxymethylphosphonyl flouride
• Pinacolyl methanefluorophosphonate
• Methylfluoropinacolylphosphonate
• Fluoromethylpinacolyloxyphosphine Oxide
• Methylpinacolyloxyphosphonyl flouride
• Pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate
• 1,2,2,-Trimethylpropoxyfluoromethylphosphine oxide

History

Soman was discovered by Richard Kuhn in Germany in 1944, and represented the last wartime nerve agent discovery (GF was not found until 1949.) Soman was given the identifier GD post-war (GC was already in medical use) when the information relating to Soman was recovered by the Soviet Union from its hiding place in a mine. Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ...

This article forms part of the series Chemical warfare
(A subset of Weapons of mass destruction)
Lethal agents
Blood agents
Cyanogen chloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Blister agents
Lewisite
Sulfur mustard gas (HD and THD, HT)
Nerve agents
G-Agents
GA (tabun), GB (sarin) GD (soman), GF (cyclosarin)
V-Agents
VE, VG, VM, VX
Pulmonary agents
Chlorine
Chloropicrin (PS)
Phosgene (DP)
Diphosgene (CG)
Non-lethal agents
Incapacitating agents
BZ / Agent 15
KOLOKOL-1
Riot control agents
Pepper spray (OC)
CS gas
CN gas
CR gas

Taken from Image:WMD.png by Wapcaplet File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jump to: navigation, search Dressing the wounded during a gas attack by Austin O. Spare, 1918. ... Jump to: navigation, search Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) generally include nuclear, biological, chemical and, increasingly, radiological weapons. ... A blood agent (also called a cyanogen agent) is a compound that prevents the normal transfer of oxygen from the blood to the body tissues, resulting in chemical asphyxiation. ... Cyanogen chloride, also known as CK, is a highly toxic blood agent first proposed for use in warfare by the French. ... Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula H-C≡N. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid. ... A vesicant (also known as a blister agent) is a chemical agent that causes blistering of the skin. ... Chemical structure of Lewisite Lewisite is a chemical compound from a chemical family called arsines. ... Chemical Structure of Mustard Gas Compound Mustard gas (HD) is a chemical compound that was first used as a chemical weapon in World War I. In pure form, it is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid at room temperature and causes blistering of the skin. ... Jump to: navigation, search Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals. ... Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sarin or GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance. ... Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... VE (S-(Diethylamino)ethyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve gas. ... VG (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. ... VM (Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. ... 1. ... Categories: Chemical weapons | Stub ... Jump to: navigation, search General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Chloropicrin is a slightly oily, colorless liquid of the formula CCl3NO2. ... Phosgene (also known as carbonyl chloride, COCl2) is a highly toxic gas or refrigerated liquid that was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It has no color, but is detectable in air by its odor, which resembles moldy hay. ... Diphosgene (ClCO2CCl3) Diphosgene (Trichloromethyl chloroformate, ClCO2CCl3) is a chemical originally developed for chemical warfare, a few months after the first use of phosgene. ... The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties. ... QNB redirects here. ... KOLOKOL-1 is an opiate-derived incapacitating agent. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... Jump to: navigation, search Pepper spray is a non-lethal chemical agent which is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs. ... chemical structure of CS gas CS gas (commonly called tear gas), or ortho-chloro-benzal malonitrile, is a usually non-lethal riot control agent. ... Categories: Stub | Chemical weapons | Less-lethal weapons ... CR gas, chemically dibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepine, is a lachrymatory. ...

References

• United States Senate, 103d Congress, 2d Session. (May 25, 1994). Material Safety Data Sheet -- Lethal Nerve Agents Somain (GD and Thickened GD). Retrieved Nov. 6, 2004.