Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. It has two distinct meanings, referring both to the usual state preceding falling asleep, and the chronic condition referring to being in that state independent of a circadian rhythm. The disorder characterized by the latter condition is most commonly associated with users of prescription hypnotics, such as mirtazapine or zolpidem. The term symptom (from the Greek syn = con/plus and pipto = fall, together meaning co-exist) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ... In medicine, a sign is a feature of disease as detected by the doctor during physical examination of a patient. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... Sleep is the state of natural rest observed in most mammals, birds, fish, as well as invertebrates such as the fruitfly Drosophila. ... A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. ... Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zolpidem is a prescription short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to benzodiazepine type 1 (BZ1) receptors. ...

It is considered a lesser impairment of consciousness than stupor or coma. This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... In medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep) is a profound state of unconsciousness. ...

Associated conditions

• sleep apnea
• narcolepsy
• Lyme disease
• Paget's disease
• clinical depression, especially seasonal affective disorder or SAD (Note: MSLT sleep study findings for persons with depression do not demonstrate short sleep latency.)
• increased intracranial pressure, intracranial tumors
• brain edema
• stroke
• trauma to the brain, any other intracranial bleeding such as due to ruptured aneurysm
• hydrocephalus
• encephalitis - (viral, bacterial or other agents)
• Delayed sleep phase syndrome
• pharmaceuticals
  • tranquilizers/hypnotics; especially benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium)
  • Some antidepressants. For example: sertraline and venlafaxine.
  • some antipsychotics. For example: thioridazine and olanzapine (Zyprexa) but not haloperidol.
  • some analgesics; prescribed or illicit opiates such as Oxycontin or heroin
  • some HIV medications. For example: Sustiva and medications containing efavirenz
  • some anti-convulsants/Antiepileptic For example: phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal) (see article on Epilepsy.com)
  • some antihistamines For example: diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • certain hypertension medications, such as Norvasc
  • generally many other agents with impact on central nervous system in sufficient doses
• Hypothyroidism

Sleep apnea or sleep apnoea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. ... Narcolepsy is a neurological condition most characterized by Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS). ... Lyme disease is a bacterial infection with a spirochete from the species complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which is most often acquired from the bite of an infected Ixodes tick. ... Bold text X-ray of Pagets disease Pagets disease, otherwise known as osteitis deformans, is a chronic disorder that typically results in enlarged and deformed bones. ... Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or sometimes unipolar when compared with bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, also known as winter depression is an affective, or mood, disorder. ... The word sad refers to an emotional condition, the antonym of happy. Sadness is often associated with depression, suffering or grief. ... Intracranial pressure, (ICP), is the pressure exerted by the cranium on the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the brains circulating blood volume. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... Edema (BE: oedema, formerly known as dropsy) is swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid. ... A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA),[1] is an acute neurological injury in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted. ... In medicine, a trauma patient has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death. ... In animals the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the control center of the central nervous system. ... // An aneurysm (or aneurism) is localized, blood-filled dilation (bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall. ... Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. ... Delayed sleep-phase syndrome (DSPS) is a chronic disorder of sleep timing. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ... A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ... Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. ... An antidepressant is a medication used primarily in the treatment of clinical depression. ... Sertraline hydrochloride (also labeled under numerous brand names: Zoloft, Sertralin, Lustral, Apo-Sertral, Asentra, Gladem, Serlift, Stimuloton, Xydep, Serlain, Concorz) is a popular orally administered antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type. ... Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. ... The term antipsychotic is applied to a group of drugs used to treat psychosis. ... Thioridazine is a piperidine phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs and is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. ... Haloperidol (sold as Aloperidin®, Bioperidolo®, Brotopon®, Dozic®, Einalon S®, Eukystol®, Haldol®, Halosten®, Keselan®, Linton®, Peluces®, Serenace®, Serenase®, Sigaperidol®) is a conventional butyrophenone antipsychotic drug. ... For other uses of painkiller, see painkiller (disambiguation) An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. ... An opioid is any agent that binds to opioid receptors found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. ... Heroin ((INN) Diacetylmorphine , (BAN) diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ... Lamotrigine (marketed as Lamictal by GlaxoSmithKline, called Lamictin in South Africa, Lamogine in Israel, and 라믹탈 in South Korea) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ... An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, through action at the histamine receptor. ... See amlodipine. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

See also

• Insomnia
• Hypersomnia
• Dyssomnia
• Fatigue (physical)