Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya (Перовская, Софья Львовна in Russian) (9.1(13).1853 - 4.3(15).1881), Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya.

In 1869, Perovskaya entered the Alarchinsky University for Women in Saint Petersburg. In 1871—1872, she was one of the organizers of the Society of Chaikovtsi. In 1872—1873 and 1874—1877, she worked in the provinces of Samara, Tver, and Simbirsk. During this period, she received diplomas as a teacher and a medical assistant.

In 1873, Perovskaya maintained a few conspiracy apartments in Saint Petersburg for secret anti-tsarist propaganda meetings that had not been sanctioned by the authorities. In January of 1874, she was arrested and placed in the Petropavlovskaya fortress in connection with the Trial of 193. In 1877-1878, she was acquitted. Perovskaya also took part in an unsuccessful attempt to free a revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya volya Ippolit Myshkin. In summer of 1878, Perovskaya became a member of Zemlya i volya, was soon arrested again, and banished to the Olonetskaya province. She managed to escape on her way to the exile and went underground.

As a member of Zemlya i volya, Perovskaya went to Kharkov in order to organize the liberation of political prisoners from the central prison. In the fall of 1879, she became a member of the Executive Committee and later a member of the Administrative Committee of Zemlya i volya. Perovskaya conducted propaganda among students, soldiers, and workers, took part in organizing the "Worker's Gazette", maintained ties with political prisoners in Saint Petersburg. Perovskaya participated in preparing assassination attempts on Alexander II of Russia near Moscow (November, 1879), in Odessa (spring of 1880), and Saint Petersburg (March 1, 1881). She was the closest friend and later wife of Andrei Zhelyabov. Perovskaya was arrested on March 10, 1881 and sentenced to death by hanging along with a few other Pervomartovtsi.

Sophia Perovskaya was the first woman in Russia, executed in connection with a political trial.