The South Pacific Mandate (Nan-Yo) refers to a group of islands in Micronesia. Administrative control of certain island territories passed to Japan after World War I because of Japanese actions taken against the German Empire between 1914 and 1918. As a result of its contribution to the Allied war cause, Japan was given a League of Nations Mandate over the Carolines, Marianas, Marshall Islands and Palau groups — excepting Guam, which remained in U. S. control. The capital of the South Pacific Mandate was Koror, in the Palau islands. More important militarily and industrially was Saipan, in the Marianas archipelago, which was also the center of subsequent Japanese settlement. The island had been captured from Germany in 1914. Another important island was Truk (now Chuuk), an atoll in the Carolines archipelago. This was considered the Southern Gibraltar of the Japanese Navy. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Flag of the German Empire, 1871–1918: black-white-red The German Empire is the name conventionally given in English to the German state from the time of the proclamation of Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor (January 18, 1871) to the abdication of Wilhelm II (November 9, 1918). ... League of Nations mandates were territories established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 28 June 1919. ... The Caroline Islands should not be confused with Caroline Island, part of Kiribati (Southern Line Islands), also in the central Pacific. ... Mariana Islands (sometimes called The Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called the Ladrone Islands) are a group of islands made up by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the Pacific Ocean. ... Wikiquote has quotations relating to: United States Wikinews has news related to this article: United States United States government Official website of the United States government - Gateway to governmental sites White House - Official site of the US President Senate. ... Palau boatyard on Malakal Island, August 1973 Koror is the state comprising the main commercial center of the country of Palau. ... Saipan (IPA: in English) is the largest island and site of the capital of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, (a chain of 14 tropical islands in the western Pacific Ocean) with a total area of 120 km² (46. ... A view of Chuuk Chuuk is an island group that comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. ... Map of Chuuk State Map of Chuuk Islands A view of Chuuk Chuuk is an island group that comprises one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), along with Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. ... An atoll is a type of low, coral island found in tropical oceans and consisting of a coral-algal reef surrounding a central depression. ...

Significance

The population of the islands was too small to provide interesting markets and the people had only limited financial resources for the purchase of imported goods. They did, however, have one important advantage that was of interest to many developed nations and which had been bestowed upon them by virtue of geography. It was then - as it is still today - the location of the islands in the vast Pacific that was of interest to both the West and Japan. They sit astride the great circle sailing routes connecting the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ... For the Brisbane bus routes known collectively as the Great Circle Line (598 & 599), see the following list of Brisbane Transport routes A great circle on a sphere A great circle is a circle on the surface of a sphere that has the same diameter as the sphere, dividing the... The term Western world or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... The term Eastern can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ...

In the early days they offered convenient locations for sailing vessels in need of water and provisions of fresh fruit, vegetables and meat. Later, as in the case of Guam, they became important coaling stations for steam-powered vessels. Water (from the Old English waeter; c. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Catalonia. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... Various meats Cold Meat Salad Meat, in its broadest modern definition, is all animal tissue intended to be used as food. ...

The initial population figures for these territories included around 50,000 natives (mostly Kanaks and Chamorros). The total grew to 70,000 inhabitants in 1930 and more than 80,000 in 1933, with the arrival of Japanese settlers (at one time 30,000 in a year) and by 1938 the total was 121,128 inhabitants, 70,141 of those being Japanese subjects. Kanak (formerly also Canaque) are the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia in the South Pacific. ... Depiction of latte stone colonnades on the island of Tinian. ...

Economy and Agriculture

The Japanese mandate was run by Imperial Japanese Navy chiefs in administrative, security, economic, and other aspects. Governors tended to be admirals or Vice Admirals. The islands produced significant quantities of sugar cane (raw and processed), bananas, pineapples, taro, coconuts, and other tropical farming products on par with Taiwan province, another Japanese Navy territory. Other interesting and important products extracted in great quantities included platinum bars and lamines, artifacts and cultural items from indigenous civilizations (including submerged sarcophagus), and large quantities of pearls (before the precipitation of war during the 1930s), but these extractions stopped with Japanese loss of the islands. Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ... The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) (大日本帝國海軍 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun) was the navy of Japan before 1945. ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 195. ... Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Detail of a stone sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archeological Museum showing a hunting scene Anthropoid sarcophagus discovered at Cádiz A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ...

The mandate area additionally yielded Phosphates for farming from Augaur island, which produced some 60,000 tonnes per year. Aluminium (Bauxite) was another segment of the colonial economic structure, although the mineral was only present in the Palau group. The islands of the South Pacific Mandate allowed for regular flight links for long range seaplanes such as the Kawanishi H6K2-L ("Mavis") of Dai Nippon Koku KK;the security and police watching services in territoire was charged by Tokeitai,the naval military police. In chemistry, a phosphate is a polyatomic ion or radical consisting of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen. ... Bauxite with penny Bauxite (pebbly) Bauxite is a naturally occurring, heterogeneous material composed primarily of one or more aluminium hydroxide minerals, plus various mixtures of silica, iron oxide, titania, aluminium silicates, and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. ... A DeHavilland Single Otter floatplane in Harbour Air livery. ... The Kawanishi H6K was an Imperial Japanese Navy flying boat used during World War II for maritime patrol duties. ... Dai Nippon Koku KK (Imperial Japanese Airways) was the national Japanese airline before and during World War II. The airline was linked with Manchurian National Airlines (Manshukoku Koku KK) for routes in Chosen and Manchukuo. ... The Tokeitai (Naval Secret Police) was the Imperial Japanese Navys police equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Armys Kempeitai military police service. ...

Archaeological Finds

During Japanese occupation of the islands, the Japanese Navy ordered archaeologists and anthropological experts to explore areas such as the Strike South Group (which includes the islands of Ponape (Pohnpei) and Lele in Kosrae (Kusrae) in the Carolines group) on the suspicion that they would find evidence of the South ancestors of the Japanese Empire. While these experts encountered giant human bones, including a femur of 3 meters in length and strange writings on wood, their research was ended by the outbreak of war and the later Japanese loss of the Caroline Islands.^{[citation needed]} In the years after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5, strategic thinking in the Japanese military was largely divided between the priority of mainland Asia (see North Strike group), and the southern, Pacific Ocean direction. ... District center of Pohnpei Map of Pohnpei Pohnpei (also spelled Ponape and earlier Bonabee) is one of the islands in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and is one of the Senyavin Islands. ... Lelu is a small island in the Lelu Harbour (in the eastern part of Kusaie) and a district of the island of Kusaie, Micronesia. ... Kosrae (pronounced ko SHRIGH) is an island in Micronesia. ... His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇, tennō) is Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese imperial family. ... The femur or thigh bone is the longest, most voluminous and strongest bone of the human body (able to withstand over 550 pounds of force). ...

World War II

Before World War II, the Japanese Navy began construction of various airfields, fortifications, ports, and other military projects in the islands controlled under the South Pacific Mandate. It was precisely from these fortifications in Palau, the Carolines and the Marshall Islands that a significant portion of the Japanese Navy disembarked towards the Philippines, New Guinea, Nauru and the Gilberts islands during 1941-42 in the Pacific War. The Gilbert Islands are a chain of 16 atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of the nation Kiribati. ... US landings in the Pacific, 1942–1945 The Pacific War was the part of World War II that occurred in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in East Asia, 1937 to 1945. ...

Although the islands' naval importance is unquestionable, the Japanese Army was able to utilize many of the natural topographic characteristics of the islands to support air and land detachments as well. Japans honor guard often marches to greet the arrival of foreign dignitaries. ...

It has been asserted that the armed forces of Japan may have committed various war crimes during their occupation of the South Pacific Mandate (see War Crimes in the Pacific). One legend of the inter-war period concerns Amelia Earhart, the American pilot, who supposedly disappeared in 1937 while flying over the Pacific. It has been suggested that she crashed in the South Pacific Mandate zone, or that she was captured and possibly imprisoned or executed by Japanese authorities. This has never been confirmed. A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with War Crimes in the Pacific. ... Amelia Earhart (1897-1937?) Amelia Mary Earhart (July 24, 1897 – missing as of July 2, 1937), daughter of Edwin and Amy Earhart, was an American aviator and noted early female pilot who mysteriously disappeared over the Pacific Ocean during a circumnavigational flight in 1937. ...

As a result of the outbreak of war between Japan and the United States in 1941 and the ensuing "island hopping" strategy employed by the United States military, the Japanese Empire gradually lost control of its Pacific possessions in bitter fighting between 1943 and 1945. For history after 1944 see Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. National motto: ? Official language English? Capital Saipan Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 78 (United States) 1,779 km² Negligible Population  - Total  - Density 132,929 (1980) N/Akm² GDP  - Total  - GDP/head N/A Currency US Dollar Time zone UTC: ? Independence UN trusteeship administered by the US Internet TLD none? Calling code...

See also

• Boshiro Hosogaya
• Japanese administration in the South Pacific Mandate
• Governor-General of South Pacific Mandate
• Tokeitai (Japanese Navy military police service)
• Structure of Japanese Forces in South Pacific Mandate
• Pacific area as Imperial Japanese Navy political project

Boshiro Hosogaya [Hosagaya] (1890-1964) was a Japanese Admiral during World War II from 1941-1945. ... Japan had been active in the Nanyo Gunto (South Sea Islands) since the 1880s. ... The Tokeitai (Naval Secret Police) was the Imperial Japanese Navys police equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Armys Kempeitai military police service. ... Structure of Japanese Forces in South Pacific Mandate Japanese garrisons on the by-passed Pacific Islands 1944-1945, included South Pacific Mandate Force and nearests islands in period // South Pacific Mandate Detachment Commander-in-chief of South Pacific Detachment forces Boshiro Hosogaya:-Governor-General of South Pacific Mandate,was also... A political project known as Taiwan and South Pacific Mandate was created by Japanese Navy theorists created in Taiwan and South Pacific Mandate during the 1930s and 1940s. ...

Bibliography

• Herbert Rittlinger,"Der Masslose Ozean",Stuttgart,Germany,1939
• Cressey George B."Asia´s Lands and Peoples",X Chapter :"Natural Basis of Japan"(P.196-285),section "South Seas"(p.276-277).,1946
• Sion,Jules."Asie des Moussons",Paris Librarie Armand Colin,(1928)I,189-266,Chapter X "The Nature of Japan",section XIII "Japanese Colonial Empire"(p.294-324),and section IV."Formosa and Southern Islands"(p.314-320)
• Book "Asia",Chapter X "Japanese Empire"(p.633-716),section "The Japanese islands in South Seas".
• Childress,David Hatcher,"The Lost City of Lemuria& The Pacific",1988.Chapter 10 "The Pohnpei Island,in finding of sunken city"(p.204-229)
• Von Daniken,Erich,"The Gold of Gods",Puttnam,New York,1973,Chapter IV "Temwen,the Nan Madol Island"(p.111-143).
• Merrit,Abraham "The Moon Pool",1919
• Sprage de Camp,L."Citadel of Mistery",Ballantine Books,New York,1964
• Zink,David,"The Ancient stones speak",E.P.Dutton Co.,New York,1979
• "A Guide of Ponape",Gene Ashby,Rainy Day Press,Eugene,Oregon,1983
• "The Nan Madol Area of Ponape:Researches into bounding and stabilizing an ancient administrative center",by Dr.Arthur Saxe,Office of Higth Commissioner,Trust Territory of the Pacific,Saipan,Marianas Islands,1980
• "Ponape:Island of Mistery",as Japanese NHK TV report.