South Shields
South Shields shown within Tyne and Wear
OS grid reference	NZ365665
Metropolitan borough	South Tyneside
Metropolitan county	Tyne and Wear
Region	North East
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	South Shields
Postcode district	NE33, NE34
Dialling code	0191
Police	Northumbria
Fire	Tyne and Wear
Ambulance	North East
UK Parliament	South Shields
European Parliament	North East England
List of places: UK • England • Tyne and Wear

Coordinates: 54°59′32″N 1°25′43″W / 54.9921, -1.4286 Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Red_pog2. ... Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of English administrative division used for the purposes of local government. ... Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... North-East England is one of the nine official regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear and a small part of North Yorkshire. ... Constituent countries is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries make up a larger entity or grouping, concerning these countries; thus the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has used the phrase in reference to the parts of former Yugoslavia... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The NE postcode area, also known as the Newcastle upon Tyne postcode area[2], is a group of postal districts around Alnwick, Ashington, Bamburgh, Bedlington, Belford, Blaydon-on-Tyne, Blyth, Boldon Colliery, Chathill, Choppington, Corbridge, Cramlington, East Boldon, Gateshead, Haltwhistle, Hebburn, Hexham, Jarrow, Morpeth, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Newcastle Upon... +44 redirects here. ... Northumbria Police is the police force for the north English counties of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... View of a Tyne and Wear Volvo Fire Appliance. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS ambulance services in Darlington, Durham, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Northumberland, Stockton-on-Tees, and Tyne and Wear in the North East England region. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... South Shields is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... North East England is a constituency of the European Parliament. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... This is a list of cities, towns and villages in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, England. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne, with a population of about 90,000. It is part of the metropolitan borough of South Tyneside. South Shields is home to Colman's Fish and Chips, the best in the country, Harton Technology Collage, which is an outstanding school, and the Law Top, which is mint. Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The Tyne looking west and upstream from the Newcastle bank towards the Gateshead Millennium Bridge The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. ... South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ...

Economy

The town was once famous for its shipyards, its coal mines, its salt pans and glassmaking. The last shipbuilder (Readheads) closed in 1984 the last pit (Westoe Colliery) in 1991. Today, the town relies largely on service industries, leisure and retail, while many residents commute to work in Newcastle, Gateshead, North Tyneside and Sunderland. For many years South Tyneside had the highest unemployment rate in mainland Britain, but between December 2002 and June 2004 unemployment fell by 24%, so the borough climbed up to 21st in the highest unemployment table.^{[citation needed]} There has been extensive work to the town centre of South Shields (2005-2006) to bring it back to its former glory, financed by grants from central government and the European Regional Development Fund. This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... This article is about Gateshead, England. ... North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the North East of England, part of the Tyne and Wear urban area centred on Newcastle and formerly part of Northumberland. ... For other uses, see Sunderland (disambiguation). ... South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... December 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - → // Events December 31, 2002 United States troops get into a brief gun battle with paramilitary forces of the Warzirstan Scouts of Pakistan, in a remote tribal area along the undefined Afghan/Pakistani border, in Paktia Province... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: June 2004 in sports Deaths in June • 28 Anthony Buckeridge • 26 Naomi Shemer • 26 Yash Johar • 22 Bob Bemer • 22 Thomas Gold • 22 Francisco Ortiz Franco • 16 Thanom Kittikachorn • 10 Ray Charles • 5 Ronald Reagan... European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Scope As part of its task to promote regional development, the ERDF contributes towards financing the following measures: Productive investment to create and safeguard sustainable jobs; Investment in infrastructure which contributes, in regions covered by Objective 1, to development, structural adjustment and creation and maintenance...

Geography

Sandhaven Beach

South Shields has six miles of coastline and three miles of river frontage, dominated by the massive, functional if not beautiful piers at the mouth of the Tyne. These are best viewed from the Lawe Top, which also houses the cannon captured from the Russians during the Crimean War. The town slopes gently from Cleadon Hills down to the river, Cleadon Hills are made conspicuous by the Victorian water pumping station (opened in 1860 to improve sanitation) and a now derelict windmill which can be seen from many miles away and also out at sea. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 184 KB) This image was taken on 26/12/2004 on my own Kodak CX7330 digital camera. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 184 KB) This image was taken on 26/12/2004 on my own Kodak CX7330 digital camera. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought...

The town has extensive beaches including sand dunes as well as dramatic sandstone cliffs with grassy areas above known as 'the Leas' which cover three miles of this coastline and are a National Trust protected area. Marsden Bay, with its famous Marsden Rock, is one of the largest seabird colonies in Britain. The standard of the National Trust The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as The National Trust, is a British preservation organization. ... Map sources for Marsden at grid reference NZ395650 Marsden Rock Marsden Rock on the left, after the collapse of the arch Marsden Rock was a once world-famous rock formation in the North East of England near the town of Marsden. ...

One of the most historic parts of the town is Westoe Village which consists of a quiet street of Georgian and Victorian homes many being built by Victorian business leaders in the town, including those who owned mines and shipyards. This street was the setting for a number of books by the novelist Catherine Cookson.^{[citation needed]} Dame Catherine Ann Cookson DBE (27 June 1906 – 11 June 1998) was an English author. ...

Tourism

The Groyne sits atop a short pier built to protect the Harbour Beach

As well as being the oldest and largest town in South Tyneside, South Shields is also one of the region's most popular seaside resorts, a status it has built up by marketing itself as Catherine Cookson Country. Thousands of people come to see where the famous author was born and brought up, before visiting the fairground (South Shields Pleasure Beach) and promenade on the seafront. Town planners also intend to make improvements and new additions to the seafront in late 2007-2009.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 507 KB) The Groyne in South Shields by Paul King I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 507 KB) The Groyne in South Shields by Paul King I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Dame Catherine Ann Cookson DBE (27 June 1906 – 11 June 1998) was an English author. ... Ferris wheel Amusement park is the more generic term for a collection of amusement rides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a fairly large group of people. ... A Promenade is a seaside walkway constructed so that people can enjoy walking near the sea without getting their clothes wet and dirty. ...

Education

South Shields is home to South Tyneside College, one of the two leading maritime training centres in the UK, with facilities including a marine safety training centre and a simulated ship's bridge for the training of deck officers. The college is also home to the only planetarium in the region, as well as an observatory, making it a popular visitor attraction for local schools and other visitors[2]. South Tyneside College is a sixth form college in South Shields, UK. The college offers part-time and full-time courses for both young students and adults alike External link College website Categories: UK school stubs | Sixth Form Colleges in the United Kingdom ... For the song by Ai Otsuka, see Planetarium (song) // A planetarium is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. ...

History

Marsden Bay. Much of the South Shields coastline is undeveloped, due in part to natural erosion

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 585 KB) South Shields coastline by Paul King I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 585 KB) South Shields coastline by Paul King I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Foundation and Roman Times

The earliest inhabitants of the area were the Brigantes, a strong and fiercely independent Briton tribe however there is no evidence to suggest they built a settlement where the present day town now stands. It was John Leland in the sixteenth century who first suggested the town had been known as 'Caer Urfa.' The Brythonic word 'Caer' meaning a fortified place or seat of royal power, 'Urfa' is suggested to be a simple corruption of 'Vide Infra' the Aramaic name for the Roman stronghold.^[1] The Brigantes were a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. ... John Leland (September 13, 1502–April 18, 1552) was an English antiquary. ... Brythonic is one of two major divisions of Insular Celtic languages (the other being Goidelic). ... In Welsh language, a caer or kaer was a royal residence during the 1st millennium AD or earlier. ...

A large Roman fort has been excavated in South Shields on the Lawe Top, overlooking the River Tyne it has been the setting for an investigation by the Channel 4 Time Team programme. Founded c. AD 120 the fort is mentioned in The Notitia Dignitatum (a list of forts and bases compiled in the forth century) where it is referred to as Vide Infra. This is from the Aramaic for "place of the Arabs" (the local garrison came from the Syrian desert,) A Latinised version of this name is Arbeia, by which the fort is well known. Arbeia was intended as the maritime supply fort for Hadrian's Wall, and contains the only permanent stone-built granaries yet found in Britain. It was occupied until the Romans left Britain in the fifth century AD. A Roman gatehouse and barracks have been reconstructed on their original foundations, while a museum holds artefacts such as an altarpiece to a previously unknown god, and a Roman-era gravestone set up by a native Palmyrene to his freedwoman and wife, a Briton of the Catuvellauni tribe. There is also a tablet with the name of the emperor Alexander Severus (died 235) chiselled off. The fort was at the end of a road named Wrekendike connected to a larger road which lead between Newcastle (Pons Aelivs) and Chester-Le-Street (Congangis), parts of this road are still visible in Wrekington near Gateshead. The Romans also built a small wharf in nearby Marsden Bay for the purposes of loading sandstone from a quarry. The wharfs remnants remain today although time and tide have left little to see. Arbeia was abandoned by the Romans c. AD400, when Emperor Honorius informed the people of Britain that they must look to their own country's defence. One of the many peoples to take advantage of the Roman Empire's collapse were the Anglo-Saxons. The Tyne looking west and upstream from the Newcastle bank towards the Gateshead Millennium Bridge The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. ... This article is about the British television station. ... Time Team is a popular British television series explaining the process of archaeology for the layman in the UK. Broadcast by Channel 4, the programme was first shown in 1994, and is presented by Tony Robinson. ... The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. ... // Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of modern-day England. ... Early morning panorama of Palmyra. ... The Catuvellaunii (meaning probably good in battle) were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Isles, before the Roman invasion of Britain. ... Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexandrus (October 1, 208- March 18?, 235), commonly called Alexander Severus, Roman emperor from 222 to 235, was born at Arca Caesarea in Palestine. ... See: Flavius Augustus Honorius, western Roman emperor 395-423 Saint Honorius, archbishop of Canterbury 627-655 Pope Honorius I, pope 625-638 Pope Honorius II, pope 1124-1130 Pope Honorius III, pope 1216-1227 Pope Honorius IV, pope 1285-1287 Antipope Honorius II, 1061-1064 This is a disambiguation page... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ...

Dark Ages

Britain in the Sixth century AD is often considered a confused and violent place, the Romans taking their laws and legions with them when they left. The north east of England however was a centre of learning and education. King Oswald of Northumbria united the kingdoms of Bernicia to the north of the River Tees and Deira to the South creating the powerful and influential Kingdom of Northumbria. In AD 647 King Oswy of Northumbria (Oswald's Brother)^[2] at the request of St. Aidan allowed a monastery to be built. The site today is in the very town centre of South Shields and is named St. Hilda's Church^[3] although the original Anglo-Saxon building is but a remnant under the present Norman nave. St. Hilda's was one of many monastic institutions along the coast of north east England, this included Jarrow a few miles up the river Tyne where the Venerable Bede lived and worked. Oswald (c. ... Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland, and the North-East of England. ... Deira (perhaps corresponding with the Brythonic kingdom of Ebrauc) was a kingdom in England during the 6th century AD. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia (Brythonic, Brynaich) to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne, the Apostle of Northumbria (?-651), is the founder and first bishop of the monastery on the island of Lindisfarne in England. ... Hilda of Whitby is a Christian Saint. ... Map sources for Jarrow at grid reference NZ3465 Jarrow is a town on the River Tyne, England with a population around 27,000 (2001 Census). ... Bede, commonly known as the Venerable Bede, (c. ...

C. AD 865 the monastery at St. Hilda's was raided by the Vikings . However the Vikings or Danes were not just mere raiders, they created settlements and effectively controlled all of northern England, this was known as Danelaw. The Danes way of life and language still shows itself today, most obviously in the Geordie accent which contains words of Danish origin and with many more Anglo-Saxon pronunciations than standard English. The name Viking is a loan from the native Scandinavian term for the Norse seafaring warriors who raided the coasts of Scandinavia, Europe and the British Isles from the late 8th century to the 11th century, the period of European history referred to as the Viking Age. ... Gold: Danelaw The Danelaw, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles also known as the Danelagh, (Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a name given to a part of Great Britain, now northern and eastern England, in which the laws of the Danes[1] held predominance over those of the Anglo... This article is about the people and dialect of Tyneside. ...

Middle Ages

In 1100 the Normans built St Hilda's church where the nunnery once stood, in the town's market place. The church remains one of the oldest churches in the UK.

The first reference to 'Scheles' (fishermens' huts) occurs in 1235, and the town proper was founded by the Prior and Convent of Durham in 1245 . On account of the complaints of the burgesses of Newcastle Upon Tyne, an order was made in 1258, stipulating that no ships should be laden or unladen at Shields, and that no shoars or quays should be built there. However, South Shields continued to be popular by sailors through out the world, because of the friendly people. South Shields then developed as a fishing port. Events Anglo-Norman invasion of Connacht St. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...

Salt panning along the Tyne began in 1499 and achieved major importance; Daniel Defoe speaks of the clouds of smoke being visible for miles, while a witness in 1743 mentions two hundred boiling-pans. Glass manufacturing was begun by Isaac Cookson in 1650 and there were eight glass works by 1827 . Coal mining and chemical manufacture also became important. South Shields had the largest alkali works in the world. Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 [?] â€“ April 24 [?], 1731)[1] was a British writer, journalist, and spy, who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. ...

In 1644, during the English Civil War, Parliament's Scottish allies under Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven laid siege to Newcastle Upon Tyne and captured the watch tower on the Lawe Top at South Shields, (Sunderland declared for Parliament and invited the Scottish army in). The Royalist forces retreated to the south but turned to fight at the small town of Boldon (half way between South Shields and Sunderland), the ensuing battle is known as the Battle of Boldon Hill and was a victory for the Scots who later destroyed the rest of the Royalist army at the Battle of Marston Moor. For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ... Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (c. ... The Battle of Boldon Hill was a battle fought during the English Civil War in 1644, between a Royalist army based in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne and a Parliamentarian army based in Sunderland. ... Combatants Scottish Covenanters, Parliamentarians Royalists Commanders Earl of Leven, Earl of Manchester, Lord Fairfax Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Marquess of Newcastle Strength 7,000 horse, 500+ dragoons, 14,000 foot, 30 - 40 guns 6,000 horse, 11,000 foot, 14 guns Casualties 300 killed 4,000 killed, 1,500...

Nineteenth Century

Turner made an engraving of Shields on the River Tyne in 1823 . This is now in Tate Britain in London. He also painted Keelmen Hauling Coals by Night in 1835, having himself rowed out into the Tyne at Jarrow Slake in order to do so. Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775[1] – 19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker, whose style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

The town became famous for its maritime industries and the Marine School was founded by Dr Thomas Winterbottom in 1837 . Originally in Ocean Road, it is now part of South Tyneside College in Westoe Village, and has an international reputation. It possesses the nationally unique combined public observatory and planetarium, which has provided education and entertainment for twenty thousand children a year. South Tyneside College is a sixth form college in South Shields, UK. The college offers part-time and full-time courses for both young students and adults alike External link College website Categories: UK school stubs | Sixth Form Colleges in the United Kingdom ... South Tyneside College is a sixth form college in South Shields, UK. The college offers part-time and full-time courses for both young students and adults alike External link College website Categories: UK school stubs | Sixth Form Colleges in the United Kingdom ...

The world's first self-righting lifeboat was designed and built in South Shields by William Wouldhave. For the 1944 movie, see Lifeboat (film). ... William Wouldhave (18th century) is a rival of Lionel Lukin for the title of inventor of the lifeboat. ...

The nineteenth century also saw the creation of the Marsden Grotto, a famous public house built into the cliffs of Marsden Bay. The Marsden Grotto lift shaft (from below) The Marsden Grotto from the beach, showing the lift shaft with the terrace bar below The Marsden Grotto, locally known as The Grotto, is a public house located on the coast at Marsden in South Shields, Tyne & Wear. ...

South Shields was able to elect an MP after the Great Reform Act of 1832 and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1850 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. It became a county borough in 1889 with the passing of the Local Government Act 1888, and remained as such until 1974 when it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside in the County of Tyne and Wear. The British Reform Act of 1832 (2 & 3 Will. ... A borough is a political division originally used in England. ... The Municipal Reform Act 1835 required members of town councils (municipal corporations) to be elected by ratepayers and councils to publish their financial accounts. ... County borough was a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom to refer to a borough or a city independent of county administration. ... The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. ... South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East of England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. ...

One of the most historic parts of the town, which was developed mostly around this period, is Westoe Village which consists of a quiet street of Georgian and Victorian homes, mostly built by mine and shipyard owners in the town, as well as politicians and doctors. This street was the setting for a number of books by the novelist Catherine Cookson. Dame Catherine Ann Cookson DBE (27 June 1906 – 11 June 1998) was an English author. ...

Conversation Piece Created by acclaimed Spanish sculptor, Juan Munoz in 1999. The 22 bronze life size figures command a superb view of South Shields harbour and the Tyne Piers.

The Shields Gazette, founded in 1849, is the oldest provincial evening newspaper in the United Kingdom.^[4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Shields Gazette, established in 1881, is a daily evening newspaper. ... Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Twentieth Century

The impressive Town Hall of 1910 bears a copper weather vane in the form of a galleon. The town's crest (pre-1974) featured the lifeboat and the associated motto - Always Ready - which was later adopted as the motto of South Tyneside. Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ...

Zeppelin airships raided the Tyne in World War I and the town's seafront amusement park was attacked in 1915. In World War II, South Shields suffered well over 200 air raid alerts and 156 people were killed. Many houses were damaged, particularly by incendiary bombs and parachute mines. One direct hit on the market place killed more than 40 people who had taken shelter in tunnels below the square. There was a memorial to them in the form of a cobbled Union Flag on the ground of the market square, however this was removed as part of an overhaul of the town centre in the late 1990s. Zeppelins are a type of rigid airship pioneered by German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century, based in part on an earlier design by aviation pioneer David Schwarz. ... Akron in flight, 2 November 1931 An airship is a buoyant (lighter_than_air) aircraft that can be steered and propelled through the air. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In 1977 the town was visited by boxer Mohammed Ali, whose wedding was blessed in the local mosque. The visit has since been the subject of a BBC documentary. Ali visited the town after receiving an invitation from a local boys' boxing club.^[5] The name Mohammed Ali (more usually written Muhammad Ali) is shared by: A viceroy of Egypt, considered the founder of modern Egypt, see Mehemet Ali (Egypt) A famous boxer, born as Cassius Clay, see Muhammad Ali An Iraqi weightlifter, see Mohammed Ali (weightlifter) Mohammed Ali Actor - Pakistan This is a... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ...

Regional identity

The 1998 sculpture Spirit of South Shields, by Irene Brown, embodies the town's maritime heritage. It overlooks the mouth of the Tyne.

Residents of South Shields identify as "Geordie" (with a historical example found in Dickens, Jnr, Charles (1872). All Year Round, new ser.:v.8. Charles Dickens, 487. ““the engineer, a brawny Geordie from South Shields, imbued with a thoroughly English contempt for every thing foreign;”” ^[6]), a term commonly associated with all residents of Tyneside^[7]. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1098x1146, 191 KB) The Spirit of South Shields, a 1998 waterfront sculpture by Irene Brown. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1098x1146, 191 KB) The Spirit of South Shields, a 1998 waterfront sculpture by Irene Brown. ... This article is about the people and dialect of Tyneside. ... Dickens redirects here. ... For the 1885–1918 parliamentary constituency, see Tyneside (UK Parliament constituency). ...

It seems like the north eastern term Geordie has original historical links with the working coal mining industry in the north east of England ^[8] and then latterly to the connected ship building industry that employed the working man who were either descendant of earlier coal miners who had migrated to pit places along the Tyne, or the original miners who found a place of work in the Tyne just before or at the beginning of the industrial revolution. With the coal mining industry once being the major employers of the working man in the north east of England; and the Tyne once being the biggest coal trading shipping hub^[9] in the world attracting migrant workers from near and far; and then with the Tyne along with the river Clyde being a major hub for ship building^{[10][11] [12][13] [14][15]} . This article is about the people and dialect of Tyneside. ... The River Tyne can refer to two rivers in the United Kingdom: River Tyne, England River Tyne, Scotland This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

It is interesting to note that Geordie was the most common name given to Keelmen and pitmen in the early 19th centuary and to note that Geordie or Geordy was noted in ballads and songs as early as 1793.

Wales^[16]observes that "Geordy" and "Geordie" was a common name given to pit-men in ballads and songs of the region, noting that one such turns up as early as 1793. It occurs in the titles of two songs by song-writer Joe Wilson (1841–1875): Geordy, Haud the Bairn and Keep your Feet Still, Geordie. Citing such examples as the song Geordy Black written by Rowland Harrison of Gateshead, she contends that, as a consequence of popular culture, the miner and the keelman had become icons of the region in the 19th century, and "Geordie" was a label that "affectionately and proudly reflected this", replacing the earlier ballad emblem, the figure of Bob Crankie.

A less commonly used colloquial term, specifically for people from South Shields, is Sandancer (sometimes written as Sand-Dancer or Sanddancer). The term is widely presumed to originate from the town's beach and its large Yemeni population.^{[citation needed]} The Sand-dance was a popular music-hall act that parodied Egyptian and Arab culture as it was understood in Britain at the time. A colloquialism is an informal expression, that is, an expression not used in formal speech or writing. ... Sandancer is the colloquialism used to describe those who come from the town of South Shields, Tyne and Wear, England. ... Wilson, Keppel and Betty were a popular British music hall act who capitalised on the trend for Egyptian imagery following the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ...

People

Famous residents (past and present)

A full list of famous residents of South Shields can be found here. This is a list of famous people who were either born in, or have lived in, the town of South Shields, Tyne & Wear, in the UK. It includes current and historical residents. ...

Demographics

(1892 - 1915) John Simpson Kirkpatrick. Lost son of the Gallipoli campaign in WWI ^{[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}, seen with his donkey in Ocean Road, South Shields

Having been a predominantly rural economy with some small-scale shipbuilding, glass making and salt processing along the riverside, the area was populated in the main by migration at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The majority of the people are descendants of those who migrated to the area during the industrial revolution from up the Tyne, with others from rural County Durham, Northumberland, Scotland and Ireland who settled there to work in coal mines and ship yards. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 393 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (475 × 724 pixel, file size: 171 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)A statue of John Simpson Kirkpatrick and his donkey which stands in Ocean Road, South Shields. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 393 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (475 × 724 pixel, file size: 171 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)A statue of John Simpson Kirkpatrick and his donkey which stands in Ocean Road, South Shields. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... This article is about the country. ...

Yemeni community

South Shields has been home to a Yemeni community since the 1890s. The main reason for the Yemeni arrival was the supply of seamen, such as engine room firemen, to British merchant vessels. Similar communities were founded in Hull, Liverpool and Cardiff.^[27] In 1909, the first Arab Seaman's Boarding House opened in the Holborn riverside district of the town. At the time of the First World War there was a shortage of crews due to the demands of the fighting and many Yemenis were recruited to serve on British ships at the port of Aden, then under British protection. At the end of the war, the Yemeni population of South Shields had swelled to around 3000. “The Great War ” redirects here. ...

Disputes over jobs led to resentment that would fuel one of the first race riots in the UK in 1919. In 1930 a dispute broke out over working practices which the Yemeni seamen felt to be discriminatory, which led to a further rioting. However, over time attitudes to Yemenis in the town were softened and their was no significant recurrence of this violence.^[28]

After World War II, the Yemeni population declined, partly due to migrations to industrial areas such as Birmingham, Liverpool and Sheffield.^[29] Today, the Yemeni population of South Shields numbers around 1000^[30]. Many Yemeni sailors also married local women, which has caused the population to become less distinct than many immigrant communities in the UK. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Football

South Shields FC is the town's main football team. Originally formed during the first decade of the twentieth century, the team played in the Football League during the 1920s, when the world record transfer was held by the team. In 1922, Warney Cresswell moved from South Shields to Sunderland AFC for a then-world record fee of £5,500. The record was not broken again for three years. Later in the 1920s, the team folded and moved to Gateshead. South Shields F.C. is a football club based in South Shields, England. ... The Football League is an organisation representing 72 professional football clubs in England and Wales, and runs the oldest professional football league competition in the world. ... Warneford Cresswell (born November 5, 1897; died 1974), universally known as Warney, was a professional footballer, born in South Shields, Tyne and Wear (then in County Durham). ... Sunderland Association Football Club (Sunderland AFC or SAFC) is a professional football club, based at the Stadium of Light in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, North-East England. ... This article is about Gateshead, England. ...

The team reformed and played in various leagues until it became a founding members of what was to become the Unibond League. In 1974 the Progressive councillor Jim Leighton sold Simonside Hall and again moved the side to Gateshead. The Northern Premier League, known in recent years as the UniBond League under a title sponsorship contract, is one of the three regional English football leagues whose champions are promoted to the Football Conference, currently called the Nationwide Conference. ...

A new side was formed from the ashes and competed successfully in the Northern Alliance and Wearside League before finally gaining promotion to the Northern League. Since then Shields have been promoted and relegated within the league. They finished in fourth place in the Second Division in 2007 but are still expected to advance further in the coming seasons. The Northern Alliance football league is a competition based in England. ... The Wearside League is a football competition based in England. ... Official logo The Northern League (currently sponsored by the Arngrove Insurance and known as the Arngrove Northern League) is a football league in North East England for semi-professional and amateur teams. ...

Rugby

South Shields is the home to Westoe RFC. The club has been established on the same ground in Wood Terrace since 1875.

In 1875 a young South Shields man called Charlie Green and a bunch of his friends, all aged between 16 and 19, accepted a challenge to play Tynemouth, a prominent local rugby club at that time, and beat them. In high spirits, they discussed forming a rugby club of their own as they returned home on the ferry crossing the River Tyne. The outcome was a meeting at Green’s home in Westoe, then a village a mile from the town then clustered along the bank of the river, but now part of the urban sprawl - and Westoe Rugby Club was formed that night.

The club is currently in North Division 1. They recently had a big Powergen Intermediate Cup run and got to the Twickenham final in 2005, and on the run despite being the underdogs they beat mighty Staines in the semi-final, taking many travelling fans^[31]; but unfortunately in the final they were beaten 21-10 by Morley RFC from Yorkshire.

Politics

South Shields is a safe Labour Party Parliamentary seat, currently held by cabinet minister David Miliband,who is currently Foreign Secretary. He is seen by some as a prospective future leader of the Labour Party.^[32] South Shields is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... David Wright Miliband (born 15 July 1965) is a British politician who is the current Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [1] and Member of Parliament for the constituency of South Shields, Tyne and Wear. ...

South Shields has never elected a Conservative MP and is the only seat in the country not to have done so.^[33]

The local authority (South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council) is also controlled by Labour. South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. ...

The town also has a local independent political party, the Progressives. This broadly centre-right party was formed in the 1950s to address hostility towards the Conservative Party. The Progressives have no representation beyond South Shields. Having controlled the old County Borough of South Shields council until 1974, they still hold several seats on the borough council and have experienced a resurgence in recent years, sitting in alliance with independent members of the council[3]. Progressivism or political progressivism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ... County borough was a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom to refer to a borough or a city independent of county administration. ...

Public transport

King Street is South Shields' main shopping street and is open to pedestrians only. The Metro station can be seen above the street.

The Tyne and Wear Metro links South Shields to Newcastle and Sunderland city centres, and Newcastle Airport. There is a Metro station in South Shields town centre (on King Street), with further stations at Chichester, Tyne Dock and Brockley Whins. A new station is planned for Simonside.^[34] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 881 KB) South Shields Tyne and Wear Metro station is on a bridge over one of the main shopping streets. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 881 KB) South Shields Tyne and Wear Metro station is on a bridge over one of the main shopping streets. ... The Tyne and Wear Metro is a light rail metro system based around Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland, in the county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Sunderland (disambiguation). ... This article is about the airport in England, for other airports with this name, see Newcastle Airport (disambiguation). ... South Shields Metro station is the main Tyne and Wear Metro station for South Shields, England. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Tyne Dock is a small neighbourhood within the town of South Shields [which is situated at the mouth of the River Tyne]. Tyne Dock is a stop on the Tyne and Wear Metro service with links to nearby Newcastle, Sunderland, and North Tyneside, in England. ... Brockley Whins station viewed from the front window of a Metro train in 2005 Brockley Whins is a station on the Tyne and Wear Metro Yellow Line. ... Simonside Metro station is the name of a Tyne and Wear Metro station currently under construction. ...

There is a pedestrian ferry service connecting the town to North Shields, on the opposite bank of the Tyne. The Shields Ferry operates across the River Tyne between North Shields and South Shields. ... North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North East England. ... The Tyne looking west and upstream from the Newcastle bank towards the Gateshead Millennium Bridge The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. ...

South Shields bus operations are operated by both Stagecoach North East and Go North East. Local bus routes are planned to interchange with the Metro. Buses operate as far as Washington, Durham City and the MetroCentre. Stagecoach North East is a major operator of bus services in North East England. ... Go North East, the founding company and part of the Go-Ahead Group, operates bus services in Tyne and Wear and County Durham in England. ... This article is about about the shopping centre in North East England. ...

See also

• South Shields (UK Parliament constituency)
• North Shields

South Shields is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North East England. ...

References

The Shields Gazette, established in 1881, is a daily evening newspaper. ... Johnston Press an Edinburgh newspaper group including The Scotsman publications and many local newspapers around the UK. External links Official homepage Categories: | | | | | ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dickens redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... John Camden Hotten (1832-1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of slang. ... John Camden Hotten (1832-1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of slang. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gr