The Democratic Republic of South West Caucasus (December 1, 1918 – April 19, 1919) (Turkish: Cenubî Garbi Kafkas Cumhuriyeti) or the Kars Republic was a short-lived and nominally independent provisional government, headed by Fakhr al-Din Pirioghlu and centered in Kars and constituted after the Armistice of Mudros that end abolished by British High Commissioner Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe. Armenians consider it as a Ottoman puppet state. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on consent of the governed... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Cihangirzade Ä°brahim Bey Cihangirzade Ä°brahim Bey (1874-1948) (Ä°brahim Aydın after the 1934 Law on Family Names in Turkey, although he is more commonly called under the name he was known prior to the law) was a Turkish military officer, statesman and administrator who served the Ottoman Empire and... Europe between 1929 and 1938. ... Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire is direct consequence of the World War I with the Ottomans involvement in the Middle Eastern theatre. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... The new kuruÅŸ coin KuruÅŸ was a Turkish currency subunit. ... ISO 4217 Code TRL User(s) Turkey and the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Subunit 1/100 kuruÅŸ 1/4000 para Symbol TL Coins 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000, 250,000 lira Banknotes 250,000, 500,000, 1,000,000, 5,000,000, 10... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... Admiral of the Fleet the Honourable Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe (1865–1937) was a British Royal Navy admiral. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ...

Its territory was to include the predominantly Muslim-inhabited regions of Kars and Batum, parts of the Erivan district in the province of the same name, and the Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki districts of the Tiflis province. However, in practical terms, the republic was confined to the Kars province. It existed alongside with the British general governorship created during the Entente's intervention in Transcaucasia. ^[1] There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... A view of Batumi, circa, 1911, towards the mountains Batumi (also Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city (population: approximately 137,000) on the Black Sea coast and capital of Ajaria, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. ... Yerevan (Armenian: Երեվան or Երևան; sometimes written as Erevan; former names include Erivan and Erebuni) (population: 1,201,539 (1989 census); 1,088,300 (2004 estimate)[1]) is the largest city and capital of Armenia. ... Akhaltsikhe (old name - Lomsia and Ahıska) is a small city in southwestern Georgia, Mkhare (Province) of Samtskhe-Javakheti. ... Akhalkalaki (Georgian for New City) is a small Armenian (and old) city in the Georgias southern region of Javakheti. ... View of Tiflis from the Grounds of Saint David Church, ca. ... Entente, meaning a diplomatic understanding, may refer to a number of agreements: The Entente Cordiale, 1904 between France and the United Kingdom. ... Transcaucasia is the name given to a region south of the Caucasus Mountains that covers Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. ...

Background

Russia lost Kars, Ardahan and Batumi to Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918. Once the Russians left, the Ottoman Army engaged in heavy fighting with Armenian forces advancing west. In 1918, General Tovmas Nazarbekian was the commander on the Caucasus front and Andranik Toros Ozanian took charge of the territories that were to return to the Ottoman Empire under the treaty. Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and of local militias, the Democratic Republic of Armenia was forced to withdraw from eastern Anatolia, first from Erzincan to Erzurum, and then to evacuate also Erzurum and Sarıkamış after resisting at the Battle of Kara Killisse (1918), the Battle of Sardarapat, and the Battle of Bash Abaran. Van was abandoned as well in 1918, while on the Black Sea coast Vehib Pasha took back Trabzon, where the Russians had left huge quantities of supplies. These conflicts were brought to conclusion with the Treaty of Batum and the Ottoman army which took the control of Kars on April 25, turned Kars into its military headquarters. Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... Ardahan ( Ardı han in old Turkish, Ô±Ö€Õ¤Õ¡Õ°Õ¡Õ¶ in Armenian) is the capital of Ardahan Province in north-eastern Turkey. ... A general view of Batumi Batumi Batumi (Georgian: , formerly Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Tovmas Nazarbekian (Nazarbekov) (1855 - 1928) armenian, general in the Russain Army who was the governor of Free Vaspurakan. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Central Caspian Dictatorship Democratic Republic of Georgia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal Kazım Karabekir Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville Strength •3rd... Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (Armenian: or Ô¶Õ¸Ö€Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Ô±Õ¶Õ¤Ö€Õ¡Õ¶Õ«Õ¯) (February 25, 1865 – August 31, 1927) was an Armenian general and freedom fighter who was a national hero with big admiration. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Erzincan (also Erzingan or Erzinjan, ÔµÖ€Õ¦Õ¶Õ¯Õ¡ (Erznka) in Armenian) is the capital of Erzincan Province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... Sarıkamış (Armenian: Սարիկմիսհ (Latin transliteration: Sarikamish)) is a district of Kars Province of Turkey. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Vahib Pasha Movses Silikian Strength Third Army 100,000 [2] 40,000 Casualties 30,000 30,000 30,000 Armenian civilian casualties The Battle of Sardarabad was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders  ? Drastamat Kanayan Strength Third Army  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Bash Abaran was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. ... Van (Armenian ) is a city in eastern Turkey and the seat of Van Province, and is located on the eastern shore of Lake Van. ... NASA satellite image of the Black Sea Map of the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Mehmet Vehib Kaçı (1877 - 1940), was a general in the Ottoman Empire. ... Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond (Greek: ), is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. ... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

South West Caucasian Republic

The Ottoman Empire conducted plebiscite on incorporation of Batumi and Ardahan into Ottoman Empire, results of which were heavily disputed.^{[citation needed]} The World War I ended the same year, with, for the Ottoman Empire, the signing of the Armistice of Mudros (October 1918). The armistice foresaw that the Ottomans would withdraw to the frontiers of 1914, and then dismantle their army. The British occupied Batum and Baku but a movement was initiated around Kars that led to the formation of a pro-Turkish provisional government led by Dr. Esad Oktay Bey and Fahrettin Pirioğlu. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 764 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (845 × 663 pixel, file size: 92 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 764 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (845 × 663 pixel, file size: 92 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Baku (disambiguation). ...

Establishment

On September 27 1918, the Muslim National Committee under the leadership of Dr. Esad Oktay Bey was formed in Kars, which advocated an autonomy or independence, similar in nature to Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and/or Democratic Republic of Armenia from Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic in other previously Russian territories. is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: None Anthem: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Himni March of Azerbaijan Map of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 1919 to 1920. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Flag Russian Transcaucasia immediately prior to the formation of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. ...

On December 1 1918, gathered in congress in Kars, the Muslim National Committee made an unilateral declaration of independence of the republic (Cenubî Garbi Kafkas Cumhuriyeti) and elected Cihangirzade Ibrahim Bey as the President of the Republic. is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cihangirzade Ä°brahim Bey Cihangirzade Ä°brahim Bey (1874-1948) (Ä°brahim Aydın after the 1934 Law on Family Names in Turkey, although he is more commonly called under the name he was known prior to the law) was a Turkish military officer, statesman and administrator who served the Ottoman Empire and...

On January 13, 1919, a delegation of 60 Armenians were sent to Kars by the British Command in Batum to install an Armenian politician, Korganov as the governor of Kars. The Parliament of the Republic rejected this proposal and refused to further negotiate with the Armenians. Incidents of violence between the parties increased dramatically after this event. January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In the meantime, during the same month of January 1919, the Republic had seen democratic elections leading to the formation of a parliament on January 14, elected at a ratio of one deputy per 10,000 voters. The parliament consisted of 64 people, including 60 Muslims, three Greeks, and one Molokan Russian.

The Parliament of the new republic assembled on January 17th and adopted the constitution, "Teskilâtı Esasiye Kanunu". With the new 18 article long constitution, women were granted voting rights, Kars was declared the capital city and Turkish proclaimed the official language. On March 27, the parliament approved the new government. The new government also applied the Imperial Government of Japan for recognition. Voting rights refers to the right of a person to vote in an election. ... is the 86th day of the year (87th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Relations with ADR

See also: Democratic Republic of Armenia

From the first days, republican armed troops had to combat heavily with forces of the Armenian Republic and the Georgian Democratic Republic, unwilling to cede some territories that entered the republic. National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of...

British enforcement and dissolution

See also: Malta exiles

British troops dispatched from Batum on orders from General William M. Thomson occupied Kars on April 19 1919, breaking up the meeting of the parliament and arresting 30 parliamentarians and government members. Eleven of the arrested were deported first to Batum, and then to İstanbul and on 2 June to exile in Malta. As for the Kars province, the English soon placed it under Armenia's rule. A graphical timeline is available here: Turkish War of Independence Malta exiles (Turkish: Malta sürgünleri) (between March 1919 – October 1920) is the term for men of politics, high ranking soldiers (mainly), administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent to exile in Malta after the armistice... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... The location of Istanbul Province Maiden Tower and Historical Peninsula of Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul) (the former Constantinople, Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The eleven Malta exiles from the Republic were the following: A graphical timeline is available here: Turkish War of Independence Malta exiles (Turkish: Malta sürgünleri) (between March 1919 – October 1920) is the term for men of politics, high ranking soldiers (mainly), administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent to exile in Malta after the armistice...

A graphical timeline is available here: Turkish War of Independence Malta exiles (Turkish: Malta sürgünleri) (between March 1919 – October 1920) is the term for men of politics, high ranking soldiers (mainly), administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent to exile in Malta after the armistice... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Aftermath

After the Turkish-Armenian War and the concluding treaties, Turkey's present-day Kars Province as well as its adjacent districts constituting the modern-day Ardahan and Iğdır provinces became part of Turkey. A BBC journalist recently on a visit to Kars recalls the brief episode of the republic in this context. ^[2] Combatants   Democratic Republic of Armenia   Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Kazim Karabekir, Albay Halit Bey Beginning on 24 July 1920, the Turkish-Armenian War was a series of four battles and many small skirmishes between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and groups of the Turkish National Movement. ... Kars is a province of Turkey, and is located in the northeastern part of the country, next to the border with Armenia. ... shows the Location of the Province Ardahan Ardahan is a province in the northwestern-most corner of Turkey, along part of the border with Georgia. ... shows the Location of the Province IÄŸdır Igdir is a province in eastern Turkey, located along the border with Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ...

A dissident history portraying the short life of the Republic via literature and on the background of a love story, "Russian girl Vasilisa", involving the principal hero Şevket, who takes up cause for the republic and Vasilisa, a young Molokan woman, was written by the scholar Erkan Karagöz. A review by the Turkish language daily that was published in Germany, on this novel, on its sequel as well as on Karagöz's earlier historical investigation on the Republic makes reference to "Anatolia’s first multicultural, democratic, and independent republic which was based on the principle of brotherhood among peoples that official history disregards". ^[3] Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... The Molokans (Russian: ) are a Biblically-centered sectarian religious movement, among Russian peasants (serfs), who broke away from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1550s. ... Turkish (, ) is a language spoken by 65–73 million people worldwide, predominantly in Turkey, with smaller communities of speakers in Cyprus, Greece and Eastern Europe, as well as by several million immigrants in Western Europe, particularly Germany, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. ...

Timeline

• On March 1878, Kars annexed by Russia from the Ottoman Empire.
• On Mar 3 1918, Russian evacuates Kars under provisions of Treaty of Brest-Litvosk.
• On April 14 1918, Ottoman occupation of Kars region.
• 30 October 1918 The Armistice of Mudros ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
•  ? ? ?, departure of Ottoman Army from Caucasus.
• December 1, 1918 South-Western Caucasian Republic proclaimed with capital at Kars.
• January 13, 1919, a Armenians from Democratic Republic of Armenia were sent to Kars.
• On April 10, 1919, abolished by High Commissioner Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe.
• On April 19, 1919, general William M. Thomson occupied Kars region.
• On March 16, 1921, the Treaty of Kars, Batum region part of Georgia S.S.R

March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire, Military Mission of the German Empire Russian Empire, Armenia, British Empire, Australia, India, Newfoundland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, France Strength 2,850,000 2, max strength: 800,000 Casualties 550,000 KIA 3, 891,000 WIA, 240,000 sick, 103,731 MIO, 239,000-250,000 POW... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Admiral of the Fleet the Honourable Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe (1865–1937) was a British Royal Navy admiral. ... April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: Карсский договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on...

See also

The novel "Vasilisa, the Russian girl" depicts in background the Republic.

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Turkish-Armenian War
• Treaty of Alexandropol
• Treaty of Kars
• Malta exiles
• Turkish War of Independence
• Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... Combatants   Democratic Republic of Armenia   Turkish Revolutionaries Commanders Kazim Karabekir, Albay Halit Bey Beginning on 24 July 1920, the Turkish-Armenian War was a series of four battles and many small skirmishes between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and groups of the Turkish National Movement. ... The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ... Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸması, Russian: Карсский договор) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on... A graphical timeline is available here: Turkish War of Independence Malta exiles (Turkish: Malta sürgünleri) (between March 1919 – October 1920) is the term for men of politics, high ranking soldiers (mainly), administrators and intellectuals of the Ottoman Empire who were sent to exile in Malta after the armistice... Combatants   Turkish Revolutionaries   Soviet Union[1][2][3] United Kingdom Greece France Armenia Ottoman Empire Georgia Commanders Mustafa Kemal Ä°smet Ä°nönü Kazım Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy Fevzi Çakmak George Milne Henri Gouraud Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Süleyman Åžefik Pasha The Turkish War of Independence... Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence is a timeline of events for the Turkish War of Independence (including the background starting with the end of the First World War). ...

Sources

• (Russian) Zavriev D.S. Modern History of North-Western Vilayets of Turkey. Tbilisi, 1947. p. 377
• (Turkish) Erkan Karagöz TÜRK ANAYASA HAREKETLERI VE 1919 CENUB-i GARB-i KAFKAS CUMHURIYETI ANAYASASI.
• (Turkish) Documents and bibliography relating to the South West Caucasian Republic by the Turkish Grand National Assembly

The Grand National Assembly (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ...

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