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Southern African Development Community (SADC)
SADC-only (yellow) and SADC+SACU members
Headquarters		Gaborone, Botswana
Working languages		English, French, Portuguese
Membership		15 African states
Leaders
-	Secretary General	Tomaz Salomão
Establishment
-	as the SADCC	April 1, 1980
-	as the SADC	August 17, 1992
Website http://www.sadc.int

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization. It furthers socio-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among 15 southern African countries. It complements the role of the African Union. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_SADC.svg Summary Made by self based on image at FOTW and logo at the SADC (no tracing). ... Image File history File links Sadc_logo. ... Image File history File links SACU_in_SADC.PNG Summary Southern African Development Community Licensing Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... States of SACU // Origins The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) came into existence on December 11, 1969 with the signature of the Customs Union Agreement between South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. ... Satellite image of Gaborone Location of Gaborone in Botswana Gaborone (pron. ... A working language (also procedural language) is a language that is given a unique legal status in a supra-national company, society, state or other body or organization as its primal mean of communication. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Tomaz Salomão (born 16 October 1954) is the Secretary General of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). ... The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), which was the forerunner of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), was formed in Lusaka, Zambia, on 1 April 1980, following the adoption of the Lusaka Declaration (entitled Southern Africa: Towards Economic Liberation) by the nine founding member states (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29...

History

The origins of SADC lie in the 1960s and 1970s, when the leaders of majority-ruled countries and national liberation movements coordinated their political, diplomatic and military struggles to bring an end to colonial and white-minority rule in southern Africa. The immediate forerunner of the political and security cooperation leg of today's SADC was the informal Front Line States (FLS) grouping. It was formed in the mid-1970s. Front Line States (FLS) was an organization established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa. ...

The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was the forerunner of the socio-economic cooperation leg of today's SADC. The adoption by nine majority-ruled southern African countries of the Lusaka declaration on 1 April 1980 paved the way for the formal establishment of SADCC in July 1981. The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), which was the forerunner of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), was formed in Lusaka, Zambia, on 1 April 1980, following the adoption of the Lusaka Declaration (entitled Southern Africa: Towards Economic Liberation) by the nine founding member states (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...

The membership of the FLS and SADCC sometimes differed.

SADCC was transformed into SADC on 17 August 1992, with the adoption by the founding members of SADCC and newly independent Namibia of the Windhoek declaration and treaty establishing SADC. The 1992 SADC provided for both socio-economic cooperation and political and security cooperation. In reality, the FLS was dissolved only in 1994, after South Africa's first democratic elections. Subsequent efforts to place political and security cooperation on a firm institutional footing under SADC's umbrella failed. is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...

On 14 August 2001 the 1992 SADC treaty was amended. The amendment heralded the overhaul of the structures, policies and procedures of SADC, a process which is ongoing. One of the changes is that political and security cooperation is institutionalised in the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS). One of the principal SADC bodies, it is subject to the oversight of the organisation's supreme body, the Summit, which comprises the heads of state or government. is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

The headquarters of SADC is in Gaborone, Botswana.

Member states

SADC has 15 member states, namely:

•  Angola
•  Botswana
•  Lesotho
•  Malawi
•  Mozambique
•  Swaziland
•  Tanzania
•  Zambia
•  Zimbabwe
•  Namibia - since 31 March 1990 (since independence)
•  South Africa - since 30 August 1994
•  Mauritius - since 28 August 1995
•  Democratic Republic of the Congo - since 8 September 1997
•  Madagascar - since 18 August 2005
•  Seychelles - since 15 August 2007

 Seychelles had also previously been a member of SADC from 8 September 1997 until 1 July 2004. Image File history File links Flag_of_Angola. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Botswana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lesotho. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malawi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Swaziland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tanzania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Namibia. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritius. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Madagascar. ... is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Seychelles. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Seychelles. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Challenges facing member countries

SADC countries face many social, development, economic, trade, education, health, diplomatic, defence, security and political challenges. Some of these challenges cannot be tackled effectively by individual members. Cattle diseases and organised-crime gangs know no boundaries. War in one country can suck in its neighbours and damage their economies. The sustainable development that trade could bring is threatened by the existence of different product standards and tariff regimes, weak customs infrastructure and bad roads. The socio-economic and political and security cooperation aims of SADC are equally wide-ranging, and intended to address the various common challenges.

Aims of the SADC

SADC's aims are set out in different sources. The sources include the treaty establishing the organisation (SADC treaty); various protocols (other SADC treaties, such as the corruption protocol, the firearms protocol, the OPDS protocol, the health protocol and the education protocol); development and cooperation plans such as the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) and the Strategic Indicative Plan of the Organ (SIPO); and declarations such as those on HIV and AIDS and food security. Not all of the pre-2001 treaties and plans have been harmonised with the more detailed and recent plans such as the RISDP and SIPO.

In some areas, mere coordination of national activities and policies is the aim of cooperation. In others, the member states aim at more far-reaching forms of cooperation. For example, the members largely aim to coordinate their foreign policies, but they aim to harmonise their trade and economic policies with a view to one day establishing a common market with common regulatory institutions.

SADC structure and decision-making procedures

The organisation has eight principal bodies:

• The Summit, comprising heads of state or heads of government, are at the top.
• OPDS, the
• Council of Ministers,
• Tribunal,
• SADC National Committees (SNCs), and the
• Secretariat.

Except for the Tribunal (based in Windhoek, Namibia), SNCs and Secretariat, decision-making is by consensus. For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The Council of the European Union forms, along with the European Parliament, the legislative arm of the European Union (EU). ... A tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially, whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. ... Secretariat may refer to: A racehorse who won the Triple Crown in 1973, see Secretariat (horse) In a Communist Party, a Secretariat is a key body that controls the central administration of the party, and if it is a ruling party, the country. ... --193. ...

SADC in practice

SADC is a weak organisation. It is under-resourced, and the member states are not happy to give it the powers that they agreed to give it when they launched the overhaul of the organisation in 2001.^{[citation needed]}

One significant challenge is that member states also participate in other regional economic cooperation schemes and regional political and security cooperation schemes that may compete with or undermine SADC's aims. For example, South Africa and Botswana both belong to the Southern Africa Customs Union, Zambia is a part of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, and Tanzania is a member of the East African Community. The Southern African Customs Union has five members: Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland It dates back to colonial days (1910). ... The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a preferential trading area with twenty member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. ... Anthem To Be Determined Arusha, Tanzania Membership 5 East African states Leaders  -  Secretary General Juma Mwapachu Area  -  Total 1,817,945 km²   sq mi  Population  -   estimate 124,858,568   -  Density 55 /km²   /sq mi GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate  -  Total US$ 104. ...

Flag

The flag of the organization came from the people of the member countries; a competition was held to design a new flag and in 1995 the new design was chosen. The new flag has a navy blue field with a green circle in the centre, and the SADC logo is in the centre of the green circle. In the official description of the flag, the blue symbolises the sky and ocean that bring water and life, and the green represents the rich flora and fauna. The region's rich gold wealth is represented in the colour of the lettering. The flag was first used in the 1995 SADC Summit at the World Trade Centre in Johannesburg. This article is about the city in South Africa. ...

Comparison with other regional blocs

African Economic Community Pillars regional blocs (REC) Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member states in millions per capita AEC 29,910,442 853,520,010 2,053,706 2,406 53 ECOWAS 5,112,903 251,646,263 342,519 1,361 15 ECCAS 6,667,421 121,245,958 175,928 1,451 11 SADC 9,882,959 233,944,179 737,335 3,152 15 EAC 1,817,945 124,858,568 104,239 1,065 5 COMESA 12,873,957 406,102,471 735,599 1,811 20 IGAD 5,233,604 187,969,775 225,049 1,197 7 Western Sahara 3 266,000 273,008  ?  ? N/A 4 Other African blocs Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member states in millions per capita CEMAC 1 3,020,142 34,970,529 85,136 2,435 6 SACU 1 2,693,418 51,055,878 541,433 10,605 5 UEMOA 1 3,505,375 80,865,222 101,640 1,257 8 UMA 2 5,782,140 84,185,073 491,276 5,836 5 Agadir 1,703,910 126,066,286 513,674 4,075 4 1 Economic bloc inside a pillar REC 2 Proposed for pillar REC, but objecting participation 3 The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a signatory to the AEC, but not participating in any bloc yet 4 Majority under military occupation by Morocco; some territory administered by the SADR      smallest value among the blocs compared      largest value among the blocs compared During 2004. Source: CIA World Factbook 2005, IMF WEO Database  members of AEC pillar blocs  states signatories to the AEC Treaty, but not participating in any of the pillars The member states of the African Union are mounting efforts to collaborate economically, but they are impeded by the civil wars raging in several parts of Africa. ...  members of AEC pillar blocs  states signatories to the AEC Treaty, but not participating in any of the pillars The member states of the African Union are mounting efforts to collaborate economically, but they are impeded by the civil wars raging in several parts of Africa. ... The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in French Communauté Économique des États dAfrique Centrale (CEEAC), is a organisation for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. ... Anthem To Be Determined Arusha, Tanzania Membership 5 East African states Leaders  -  Secretary General Juma Mwapachu Area  -  Total 1,817,945 km²   sq mi  Population  -   estimate 124,858,568   -  Density 55 /km²   /sq mi GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate  -  Total US$ 104. ... The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a preferential trading area with twenty member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. ... The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a seven-country regional development organization in Eastern Africa. ... Economy - overview: Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. ... States of CEMAC The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French, Communauté Économique et Monétaire de lAfrique Centrale) is an organization of states of Central Africa established to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA franc. ... States of SACU // Origins The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) came into existence on December 11, 1969 with the signature of the Customs Union Agreement between South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. ... States of UEMOA The West African Economic and Monetary Union (or UEMOA from its name in French, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) is an organization of states of West Africa established to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA franc. ... The Arab Maghreb Union is a Pan-Arab trade agreement aiming for economic and political unity in northern Africa. ... Map of the Agadir Agreement Members It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Barcelona Conference. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... The Moroccan name for Western Sahara. ... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... The Free Zone is in yellow on the map. ... The World Factbook 2007 (government edition) cover. ... This box: view • talk • edit

This article or section needs to be updated. Parts of this article or section are no longer up to date. Please update the article to reflect recent events, and remove this template when finished. Most active regional blocs as of 2004 Regional bloc1 Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member states1 in millions per capita Agadir 1,703,910 126,066,286 513,674 4,075 4 AU 29,797,500 897,548,804 1,515,000 1,896 53 ASEAN 4,400,000 553,900,000 2,172,000 4,044 10 CACM 422,614 37,816,598 159,536 4,219 5 CARICOM 462,344 14,565,083 64,219 4,409 (14+1)3 CCASG / GCC 2,285,844 35,869,438 536,223 14,949 6 CEFTA 298,148 28,929,682 222,041 7,675 (7+1)3 EU 4,325,675 496,198,605 12,025,415 24,235 27 EurAsEC 20,789,100 208,067,618 1,689,137 8,118 6 EFTA 529,600 12,233,467 471,547 38,546 4 GUAM 810,506 63,764,600 456,173 7,154 4 NAFTA 21,588,638 430,495,039 15,279,000 35,491 3 PARTA 528,151 7,810,905 23,074 2,954 (14+2)3 SAARC 5,136,740 1,467,255,669 4,074,031 2,777 8 Unasur / Unasul 17,339,153 370,158,470 2,868,430 7,749 12 UN and countries for reference2 Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Units4 in millions per capita UN 133,178,011 6,411,682,270 55,167,630 8,604 192 Brazil 8,514,877 188,078,261 1,594,482 9,108 27 Canada 9,984,670 32,507,874 1,165,000 35,200 13 India 3,287,590 1,102,600,000 4,042,000 3,700 35 Japan 377,873 128,085,000 4,220,000 33,100 47 PR China5 9,596,960 1,306,847,624 10,000,000 7,600 33 Russia 17,075,200 143,782,338 1,723,000 12,100 89 USA 9,631,418 300,000,000 12,980,000 43,500 50 Source: CIA World Factbook 2005, IMF WEO Database. Legend      smallest value among the blocs compared     largest value among the blocs compared Footnotes 1 Including data only for full and most active members. 2 Including the largest five countries by area, population and GDP (PPP), but not #4 in population or #5 in GDP (PPP). 3 Including non-sovereign autonomous areas of other states. 4 Members or administrative divisions. 5 Data for the People's Republic of China does not include Hong Kong, Macau, or regions administered    by the Republic of China (Taiwan). Image File history File links Gnome_globe_current_event. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A trade bloc is a large free trade area or free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Map of the Agadir Agreement Members It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Barcelona Conference. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29... Hymn The ASEAN Hymn Jakarta, Indonesia Membership 10 Southeast Asian states Leaders  -  Secretary General Ong Keng Yong Area  -  Total 4,465,5001 km²   sq mi  Population  -   estimate 566. ... The Central American Common Market (abbreviated CACM - in Spanish: Mercado Común Centroamericano, abbreviated MCCA) is an economic trade organization between five nations of Central America. ... Map showing CARICOM members, associates and observers Seat of Secretariat Georgetown, Guyana Official languages English4 Membership  15 full members1  5 associate members2  7 observers3 Leaders  -  Secretary-General Edwin W. Carrington (since 1992)  -  CARICOM Heads of Government   Establishment  -  August 1, 1973  Website http://www. ... It has been suggested that GCC - Gulf Cooperation Council be merged into this article or section. ... Map of Europe indicating current CEFTA members Type Trade agreement Member states 7 Balkan states, Kosovo Establishment  -  Signed 21 December 1992  Area  -  Total 298. ... Flag of EurAsEC The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC or EAEC) was put into motion on 10 October 2000 when Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan signed the treaty. ... The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was established on May 3, 1960 as an alternative for European states that were not allowed or did not wish to join the European Community (now the European Union). ... NAFTA redirects here. ... The Pacific Islands Forum is an inter-governmental consultative organ which aims to enhance cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean and represent their interests. ...  Afghanistan  Bangladesh  Bhutan  India  Maldives  Nepal  Pakistan  Sri Lanka Headquarters Kathmandu, Nepal Statistics Area  - Total 7th if ranked 5,130,746 km² Population  - Total (2004)  - Density 1st if ranked 1,467,255,669 285. ... Pro Tempore Secretariat Brasília Official languages 4 Spanish Portuguese English Dutch Member states 12 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Leaders  -  President Rodrigo Borja  -  Tempore Secretary Jorge Taunay Filho Formation  -  Cuzco Declaration 8 December 2004  Area  -  Total 17,715,335 km² (1st2)  sq... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The World Factbook 2007 (government edition) cover. ... “IMF” redirects here. ... A trade bloc is a large free trade area or free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff and trade agreements. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... “Sovereign” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a list of islands under the Republic of China administration (all claimed by the Peoples Republic of China). ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... This box: view • talk • edit

See also

• List of Trade blocs
• Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

This is a list of trade-related international organisations only. ... States of SACU // Origins The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) came into existence on December 11, 1969 with the signature of the Customs Union Agreement between South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland. ... The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in French Communauté Économique des États dAfrique Centrale (CEEAC), is a organisation for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. ... Anthem To Be Determined Arusha, Tanzania Membership 5 East African states Leaders  -  Secretary General Juma Mwapachu Area  -  Total 1,817,945 km²   sq mi  Population  -   estimate 124,858,568   -  Density 55 /km²   /sq mi GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate  -  Total US$ 104. ... The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a preferential trading area with twenty member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. ...

References

• Gabriël Oosthuizen, The Southern African Development Community: The organisation, its history, policies and prospects. Institute for Global Dialogue: Midrand, South Africa, 2006.
• John McCormick, The European Union: Politics and Policies. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado, 2004.
• Ramsamy, Prega 2003 Global partnership for Africa. Presentation at The human rights conference on global partnerships for Africa’s development, Gaborone: SADC

John McCormick is Professor of Political Science at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis(IUPUI), and has been chair since July 2001. ...

External links

• Southern African Development Community Official Web Site
  • Official SADC Trade, Industry and Investment Review
  • Committee of Central Bank Governors in the SADC
  • SADC Lawyers' Association
  • SADC Regional Environmental Education Programme
  • Electoral Commissions Forum
  • SADC Parliamentary Forum
• SADC Free Trade Agreement

v • d • e Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Angola · Botswana · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Lesotho · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Seychelles · South Africa · Swaziland · Tanzania · Zambia · Zimbabwe