Southern Sudan
The SPLA/M's flag of the 'New Sudan'
Official languages	English, Arabic
Capital	Juba
President	Cdr. Salva Kiir Mayardit
Vice-President	Dr. Riek Machar
Area	597 000 km²
Population  – Total (2005)  – Density	perhaps  8,500,000  14/km²
Currency	Sudanese pound
Time zone	UTC+3

Southern Sudan is a region of Sudan. The Sudanese government agreed to give autonomy to the region in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement^[1] (also known as the Naivasha Agreement) signed on January 9, 2005 in Naivasha, Kenya with the SPLA/M, tentatively bringing an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War. Southern Sudan borders Ethiopia on the east, Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, and the Central African Republic to the west. To the north lies the predominantly Arab and Muslim region directly under the control of the central government. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_SPLAM.svg The flag of the w:SPLAM File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): List of circulating currencies Wikipedia:Country referencing templates Southern Sudan User:Nightstallion/UN peacekeeping missions User:Nightstallion... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x733, 58 KB) I modified this file based upon the image at :Commons:Image:Al-Buhairat. ... An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... Juba in the state of Central Equatoria Juba is the capital of the state of Central Equatoria in southern Sudan. ... List of Presidents of the Government of Southern Sudan (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Note: The President of Southern Sudan is also Vice-President of the Sudanese national government. ... Salva Kiir Mayardit is the president of autonomous Southern Sudan and the successor to the post of Vice President of Sudan, following the death of John Garang in a crash on 30 July 2005. ... List of Vice-Presidents of the Government of Southern Sudan See Also List of Presidents of the Government of Southern Sudan List of Presidents of Sudan List of Prime Ministers of Sudan Lists of Incumbents This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (PhD) (born 1952), a Dok Nuer, is the current vice-president of the autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per volume. ... Sudanese pound is an old currency not used anymore. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... ... Politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of an authoritarian republic in which all effective political power is in the hands of President Omar Hassan al-Bashir. ... Lake Naivasha is a freshwater lake in Kenya, part of the Great Rift Valley. ... The Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a rebel group that was formed in 1983. ... Combatants Sudanese Government (North Sudan) Sudan Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Gaafar Nimeiry Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir John Garang Casualties Not Released 1. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب) are a heterogenous ethnic group who are predominantly speakers of the Arabic language, mainly found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Sufi ritual being performed in Sudan Sudan is a religiously mixed country, although Muslims have dominated national government institutions since independence in 1956. ...

Characteristics

The southern Sudanese practice mainly indigenous traditional beliefs, although some follow Christianity. The south also contains many tribal groups and many more languages are used than in the north. The Dinka, whose population is estimated at more than 1 million, is the largest of the many black African tribes of the Sudan. Other Nilotic tribes are the Shilluk and the Nuer. The Azande, and Jo Luo are 'Sudanic' tribes in the west, and the Acholi and Lotuhu live in the extreme south, extending into Uganda. Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... A group of Dinka tribsemen, courtesy National Geographic. ... Nilotic refers to a number of indigenous East African peoples originating in northeast Africa in the region of the Nile River. ... Shilluk portrait circa 1914 The Shilluk are a major Nilotic ethnic group of southern Sudan, living on the west bank of the Nile around the city of Malakal. ... The Nuer are a confederation of tribes located in Southern Sudan and western Ethiopia. ... The Azande (plural, Zande in singular) are a people of north central Africa. ... THE JUR-CHOL (JO LUO) Demography and geographic location Numbering between sixty to seventy thousand, the Jo-Luo are found in Wau, Tonj and Aweil districts in Sudan. ... Acholiland, Uganda Acholi (also Acoli) are the people of the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader, a region known as Acholiland in northern Uganda and in Magwe County in southern Sudan numbering about thirty to fifty thousand people. ...

The distinctive Juba Arabic language is a widely used lingua franca in Southern Sudan, although the language of education and government business is English. Two widely-used tribal languages are Thuongjang and Nuer. Thuongjang is officially and culturally active in the state of North Barh al Ghazal, West Barh al Ghazal, Lakes, Warab, Jonglei, and autonomus independent Abiey. Nuer is active in Unity State and Upper Nile state.you miss to mention the Bari tribe which is the second largest tribe in the south after dinka, please verify your information, because they tribes you mention are a suothern sudanese tribe what about Bari tribe? Juba Arabic is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Southern Sudan, and in communities of people from south Sudan living in towns in Northern Sudan. ... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Dinka Dialects Northeastern (Padang) (Dialects: Abiliang, Dongjol, Luac, Ngok-Sobat, Ageer, Rut, Thoi) Northwestern (Ruweng) (Dialects: Alor, Ngok-Kordofan, Pan Aru, Pawany) South Central (Agar) (Dialects: Aliap, Ciec, Gok, Agar) Southeastern (Bor) (Dialects: Bor (Athoc,Gok), Nyarweng, Tuic) Southwestern (Rek) (Dialects: Rek, Abiem, Aguok, Apuk, Awan, Lau, Luac, Malual, Paliet... The Nuer language is a Nilo-Saharan language of the Nilotic group. ...

Legal and administrative structure

Following the Naivasha Agreement which granted autonomy to Southern Sudan, the Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan^[2] was adopted in December 2005, leading to the creation of the Government of Southern Sudan. Southern Sudan has been an autonomous region of Sudan since a peace agreement was signed between the Government of Sudan and the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ...

The relationship between autonomous Southern Sudan and the neighbouring areas of Blue Nile State, Nuba Mountains/Southern Kurdufan, and Abyei has yet to be definitively determined, although for the time being these are effectively part of the North. Blue Nile Blue Nile (An Nil al Azraq) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... South Kurdufan South Kurdufan (Janub Kurdufan) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ...

Southern Sudan consists of the ten states, formerly composing the provinces of Equatoria (Central Equatoria, East Equatoria, and West Equatoria), Bahr el Ghazal (North Bahr al Ghazal, West Bahr al Ghazal, Lakes, and Warab), and Upper Nile (Junqali, Wahdah, and Upper Nile). States as of 2000 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan had eight mudiriyas, or provinces, which were ambiguous when created but became well defined by the beginning of the Second World War. ... Location of Equatoria province in Sudan Equatoria (Al-Istiwaiyah in Arabic) THE OTTOMAN - TURKEY GAVE THE NAME TO REPLACE LADO , began as a province of Egypt, located in the extreme south of present-day Sudan along the upper reaches of the White Nile. ... Central Equatoria Central Equatoria is one of the 26 states of Sudan, with an area of 22,956 km2. ... East Equatoria East Equatoria (Sharq al Istiwaiyah) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... West Equatoria West Equatoria (Gharb al Istiwaiyah) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... North Bahr al Ghazal North Bahr al Ghazal (Shamal Bahr al Ghazal) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... West Bahr al Ghazal West Bahr al Ghazal (Gharb Bahr al Ghazal) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... Lakes (Al Buhayrat) Lakes (Al Buhayrat) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... Warab Warab is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... Junqali Jonglei (Arabic: جونقلي) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... Unity (Wahda) Unity (Al Wahdah) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ... Upper Nile Upper Nile (Aali an Nil) is one of the 26 wilayat or states of Sudan. ...

Pending elections, seats in both the Southern Sudan Assembly and the Government of the Southern Sudan are to be divided in a fixed proportion between the SPLM (70%), the NCP (the former NIF) (15%), and "other Southern political forces" (15%). Before his death on 30 July 2005, longtime rebel leader John Garang was the President of Southern Sudan. Garang was succeeded by Salva Kiir Mayardit who was sworn in as first vice president of Sudan on 11 August 2005. Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the main opposition group in Sudan. ... The National Congress (Arabic: المؤتمر الوطني; transliterated: al-Motamar al-Watany) is the governing official political party of Sudan. ... The National Islamic Front is the political organization that controls Sudan. ... July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 154 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... John Garang, August 2004 Dr. John Garang de Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005) was the vice president of Sudan and former leader of the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ... Salva Kiir Mayardit is the president of autonomous Southern Sudan and the successor to the post of Vice President of Sudan, following the death of John Garang in a crash on 30 July 2005. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Modern history

The Southern region has a population of around 9 million and a predominantly rural, subsistence economy. This region has been negatively affected by the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars for all but 10 years since independence in 1956, resulting in serious neglect, lack of infrastructure development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2 million people have died, and more than 4 million are internally displaced or have become refugees as a result of the civil war and war-related impacts. The First Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and a south that demanded more regional autonomy. ... Combatants Sudanese Government (North Sudan) Sudan Peoples Liberation Army Commanders Gaafar Nimeiry Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir John Garang Casualties Not Released 1. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tailor in Labuje IDP camp in Uganda An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who has been forced to leave their home for reasons such as natural or man-made disasters, including religious or political persecution or war, but has not crossed an international border. ...

The region has been struck by occasional famine. A 1998 famine killed hundreds of thousands, while a food emergency was declared in mid-2005. A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic disease and increased mortality. ... The famine in Sudan in 1998 was a humanitarian disaster caused by mainly by human rights abuses, as well as draught and the failure of the international community to react to the famine risk with adequate speed. ...

In recent years, a significant amount of foreign-based oil drilling has begun in Southern Sudan, raising the land's geopolitical profile abroad. The largest overseas consortium is controlled by; the People's Republic of China, with a 40% stake, Malaysia, with 30%, and India, with 25%.^[3] Canadian-based oil company Talisman withdrew operations in Sudan in 2003, due largely to external lobbying and pressure over political and human rights issues. Talisman Energy TSX: TLM is one of Canadas largest petroleum companies. ...

Independence Movement

An independence movement is active in Southern Sudan. A referendum on independence is scheduled for 2012.

Notes and references

External links

• Site for Southern Independence
• UN Mission in Sudan
• Comprehensive Peace Agreement
• Resolving the Boundary Dispute in Sudan's Abyei Region U.S. Institute of Peace Briefing, October 2005
• Introduction to the Laws of New Sudan