Modern definition The states in dark red are almost always included in modern day definitions of the South, while those in medium red are usually included. The striped states are sometimes/occasionally considered Southern^[1][2]

The Culture of the Southern United States or Southern Culture is a subculture of the United States. American culture, in general, is largely based on Western and British culture, with influences from native Americans, African Americans, and numerous immigrant groups. The culture of the South adds to this by mixing in a heavy amount of rural Scot-Irish culture, along with that of the African American descendants of former slaves, and unique historical issues such as slavery and segregation. The South hosts a vibrant African American subculture, a sense of rural isolation, a strong regional identity, and more.^{[citation needed]} The South has developed its own customs, literature, musical styles (such as country music,bluegrass, southern gospel , blues and jazz), and cuisine. Image File history File links US_map-South_Modern. ... Image File history File links US_map-South_Modern. ... In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of people with distinct sets of behavior and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. ... This article very generally discusses the customs and culture of the United States; for the culture of the United States, see arts and entertainment in the United States. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Western World. ... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Historic Southern United States. ... Scots-Irish (also called Scotch-Irish, primarily in the USA) is an Irish ethnic group which ultimately traces its roots back to Scotland. ... The history of the Southern United States reaches back thousands of years and included the Mississippian peoples, well known for their mound building. ... Slave redirects here. ... The Rex Theatre for Colored People Racial segregation is characterized by separation of different races in daily life when both are doing equal tasks, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China An artists rendering of an aerial view of the Maryland countryside: Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), Aerial Series: Ploughed Fields, Maryland, 1974, acrylic and mixed materials on apertured double canvas, 52... Southern literature (sometimes called the Literature of the American South) is defined as American literature about the Southern United States or by writers from this region. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Bluegrass has three principal meanings, the second two both deriving from the first listed. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ... The Southern United States has a distinct cuisine that draws heavily on influences of the various groups that have inhabited the area. ...

People

The largest group of Southerners are primarily the descendants of the Celtic immigrants who moved to the South in the 17th and 18th centuries. According to an 1860 census, "three-quarters of white Southerners had surnames that were Scottish, Irish or Welsh in origin." 250,000 settled in the USA between 1717 and 1770 alone. They were often called "crackers" [1] by English neighbors. As one wrote, "I should explain… what is meant by Crackers; a name they have got from being great boasters; they are a lawless set of rascals on the frontiers of Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, who often change their places of abode." Most had previously lived in Scotland, usually in the Lowlands and Scottish Border Country. The "Celtic Thesis" of Forrest McDonald and Grady McWhiney holds that they were basically Celtic (as opposed to Anglo-Saxon), and that all Celtic groups (Scots Irish, Scottish, Welsh and others) were warlike herdsmen, in contrast to the peaceful farmers who predominated in England. Author James Webb uses this thesis in his book Born Fighting to suggest that the character traits of the Scots-Irish, loyalty to kin, mistrust of governmental authority, and military readiness, "helped shape the American identity," and indeed, these features commonly seen in the South have long been woven into fabric of American society and policy. This article is about the European people. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... “Scot” redirects here. ... The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group or nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language, which is a Celtic language. ... Georgia Cracker refers to the original American pioneer settlers of the State of Georgia, and their descendants. ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II... The Scottish Lowlands ( an Galldachd in Gaelic ), although not officially a geographical area of the country, in normal usage is generally meant to include those parts of Scotland not referred to as the Highlands (or Gàidhealtachd), that is, everywhere due south and east of a line (the Highland Boundary... Scottish Borders (often referred to locally as The Borders or The Borderland) is one of 35 local government unitary council areas of Scotland. ... The famous parade helmet found at Sutton Hoo, probably belonging to King Raedwald of East Anglia circa 625. ... Scots-Irish (also called Scotch-Irish, primarily in the USA) is an Irish ethnic group which ultimately traces its roots back to Scotland. ... “Scot” redirects here. ... The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group or nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language, which is a Celtic language. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area...

The other primary population group in the South is made up of the African-American descendants of the slaves brought into the South. African-Americans comprise the United States' second-largest racial minority, accounting for 12.1 percent of the total population according to the 2000 census. Despite Jim Crow era outflow to the North (see Great Migration (African American)) the majority of the black population remains concentrated in the southern states, and have transmitted their foods, music (see "negro spirituals"), art, and charismatic brand of Christianity to white Southerners, and the rest of the nation. The Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws enacted in the Southern and Border States of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965 and affected African Americans and many other races. ... The Great Migration was the movement of over 1 million[1] African Americans out of the rural Southern United States from 1914 to 1950. ... A spiritual is a African-American song, usually with a religious text. ...

Religion

The South is highly religious, perhaps more so than any other industrialized culture in the world. Part of the South is known as the "Bible Belt", because of the prevalence there of evangelical or fundamentalist Protestantism ,and sometimes conservative Catholicism. The region is perceived as being intolerant of other religions or the non-religious, mainly due to the fact that Southern churches evangelize more than churches in other regions, which many non-conservative christans and others consider hostile. However, few Southerners question actual freedom of worship or non-worship. In addition, there are significant Roman Catholic populations along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and in most cities in the South (especially the port cities of New Orleans, Biloxi, Pensacola, and Mobile, which are not only urban but have a history as French colonies). Cities such as Atlanta, Charlotte, Nashville, and Houston have significant Jewish and Islamic communities. Immigrants from Southeast Asia and South Asia have brought Buddhism and Hinduism to the region as well. The approximate extent of the Bible Belt, indicated in red A Bible Belt is a typically informal term for an area in which socially conservative Christian Evangelical Protestantism is a dominant part of the culture. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to a broad collection of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions which are found among conservative Protestant Christians. ... Fundamentalism originally referred to a movement in North American Protestantism that arose in the early part of the 20th century in reaction to modernism (see below, History), stressing that the Bible is literally inerrant, not only in matters of faith and morals but also as a literal historical record. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... As a Christian ecclesiastical term, Catholic - from the Greek adjective , meaning general or universal[1] - is described in the Oxford English Dictionary as follows: ~Church, (originally) whole body of Christians; ~, belonging to or in accord with (a) this, (b) the church before separation into Greek or Eastern and Latin or... Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion, usually another religion. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Biloxi and Mississippi coast The city derived its name originally from the Biloxi, a native American tribe: Biloxi (Tribe) Biloxi is a city located in Harrison County, Mississippi. ... Pensacola is the name of several cities as well as other things: Pensacola (tribe), a group of Native Americans A number of places in the U.S. state of Florida: Pensacola, Florida An area airport, see Pensacola Regional Airport. ... Nickname: The Azalea City Coordinates: Country US State Alabama County Mobile Founded 1702 Incorporated 1814 Government  - Mayor Sam Jones Area  - City 412. ... French Colonies is the name used by philatelists to refer to the postage stamps issued by France for use in the parts of the French colonial empire that did not have stamps of their own. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... Charlotte (also known as candle stick) is a figure skating grace move - one of the spirals, where the skater is bended and glides on its one leg with the other one lifted to the air. ... For other cities named Nashville, see Nashville (disambiguation). ... Houston redirects here. ... History of the Jews in the United States focuses on the history of Jews in the United States, which has had the world’s largest Jewish population until 2004. ... The history of Islam in the United States starts in the 18th century, with the first Muslim inhabitants. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion and a philosophy. ... Hinduism (known as in some modern Indian languages[1]) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ...

Southern dialect

Main article: Southern American English

The Southern American English dialect is often stigmatized, as are other American English dialects such as New York-New Jersey English. However, in recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the Southern dialect. It is spoken throughout the South, originating from the wave of Scot-Irish immigrants who have populated the region. These immigrants brought with them a very distinct style of English speaking, which was then combined with the African languages spoken by the African Americans who were at this time enslaved in the South. Over time this cultural and linguistic diversity combined with the South's rural isolation, and longtime use and familiarity with the King James Version of the Bible in religious life, to produce a unique American dialect. Southern American English can be divided into different sub-dialects (see American English), with speech differing between, for example, the Appalachian region and the coastal area around Charleston, South Carolina. The dialect spoken to various degrees by many African Americans, African American Vernacular English (AAVE), shares many similarities with Southern dialect, unsurprising given that group's strong historical ties to the region. Southern American English as defined by the monophthongization of to before obstruents (Labov, Ash, and Boberg 2006:126). ... New York Dialect is the variety of the English language spoken by most European Americans in New York City and much of its metropolitan area including Northern New Jersey, Westchester and Rockland counties, and all of Long Island. ... Map showing the distribution of African language families and some major African languages. ... This page is about the version of the Bible; for the Harvey Danger album, see King James Version (album). ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Poverty in Appalachia be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

While traces of African language remain in AAVE, there are a few distinctively African dialect groups in the South, the Gullah the most famous among them. The Gullah people of the coastal low country of South Carolina have retained more aspects of their original African language and culture than any other African American group. They possess what some would even label a separate language and are the subject of rigorous study by linguists and anthropologists. Other, less known African American dialect groups are the rural blacks of the Mississippi Basin, and Africantown near Mobile, Alabama, where the last known ship to arrive in the Americas with slaves was abandoned in 1860. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

There are several other unique linguistic enclaves in the American South. Among many is in the Outer Banks, which some scholars claim hosts an English dialect from the colonial South. The New Orleans or "Yat" dialect is similar to the "Brooklyn accent" because of an influx of German and Irish immigrants similar to what shaped Brooklyn. And many are familiar with the French-based Cajun French that pervades Louisiana. North Carolinas Outer Banks separating the Atlantic Ocean (east) from Albemarle Sound (north) and Pamlico Sound (south). ... Yat refers to a unique dialect of English spoken in New Orleans, Louisiana. ... Cajun French is a variety or dialect of the French language spoken primarily in the U.S. state of Louisiana, particularly in Lafayette Parish, Evangeline Parish, St. ... Official language(s) de jure: none de facto: English & French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans [1] Area  Ranked 31st  - Total 51,885 sq mi (134,382 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 16  - Latitude 29°N to 33°N  - Longitude 89°W...

Tobacco

The South was world famous for its production and use of tobacco, which earned premium prices from around the world. Next to cotton it was the dominant cash crop from the earliest days to the late 20th century, especially in North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and Kentucky. Most farmers grew a little for their own use, or traded with neighbors who grew it. Commercial sales became important in the late 19th century as major tobacco companies rose in the South, becoming one the largest employers in cities like Durham, NC, Lexington , KY and Richmond, VA. In 1938 R.J. Reynolds marketed eighty-four brands of chewing tobacco, twelve brands of smoking tobacco, and the top-selling Camel brand of cigarettes, which had to compete with Chesterfields, Lucky Strikes, and eventually Old Golds. Reynolds sold large quantities of chewing tobacco, though that market peaked about 1910 as people shifted to cigarettes.^[3] In the late 20th century, use of smokeless tobacco by adolescent American males increased by 450 percent for chewing tobacco and by 1500 percent, or fifteen-fold, for snuff. From 1978 to 1984, there was a 15 percent compound annual growth rate in U.S. smokeless tobacco sales. Usage is highest in the South and in the rural west. In 1992, 30 percent of all male high school seniors in the southeastern United States were regular users of chewing tobacco or snuff--more than smoked cigarettes, according to the Center for Disease Control. [2][3] Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product. ...

Cuisine

Main article: Cuisine of the Southern United States

As an important feature of Southern culture, the cuisine of the South is often described as one of its most distinctive traits^{[citation needed]}. The variety of cuisines range from Tex-Mex cuisine, Cajun and Creole, traditional antebellum fare, all types of seafood, and Texas, Carolina and Memphis styles of Barbecue. Non-alcoholic beverages of choice include "sweet tea" and various soft drinks, many of which had their origins in the South (e.g. Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, and Dr Pepper. In many parts of Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Texas and other parts of the South, the term "soft drink" or "soda" is discarded in favor of "Coke" (though this could be seen as stating a preference for a brand, though the actual soft drink acquired is variable). Lagers and Pilsners are generally preferred to heavier/darker beers due to the predominance of hot climate. Texas is also the center of a burgeoning wine boom, due to its climate and well drained limestone based soils, particularly in the Texas Hill Country. // The cuisine of the Southern United States has influences from the traditions of the various groups that have inhabited the area. ... Tex-Mex is a term used to describe Americanized Mexican food. ... Cajun cuisine originates from the French-speaking Acadian or Cajun immigrants in the Acadiana region of Louisiana, USA. It is what could be called a rustic cuisine — locally available ingredients predominate, and preparation is simple. ... Louisiana Creole cuisine is a style of cooking originating in Louisiana (centered on the Greater New Orleans area) that blends French, Spanish, and American influences. ... Antebellum is a Latin word meaning before war(ante means before and bellum is war). ... It has been suggested that Grilling be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The wave shape (known as the dynamic ribbon device) present on all Coca-Cola cans throughout the world derives from the contour of the original Coca-Cola bottles. ... Pepsi-Cola is a soft drink commonly called Pepsi, which is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. ... Mountain Dew is a caffeinated, sweet, citrus-flavored soft drink produced by PepsiCo, Inc. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Lager is a well attenuated beer brewed in cool conditions using a slow-acting brewers yeast, known as a bottom-fermenting yeast, and then stored (or lagered) for a period in cool conditions to clear away particles and certain flavour compounds to produce a clean taste. ... Pilsener or pilsner is a type of lager beer. ... The Texas Hill Country, as seen from near Interstate 10. ...

Traditional African American Southern food is often called "soul food". Of course, most Southern cities and even some smaller towns now offer a wide variety of cuisines of other origins^{[citation needed]} such as Chinese, Italian, French, Middle Eastern, as well as restaurants still serving primarily Southern specialties, so-called "bad food" establishments. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The term Middle Eastern cuisine refers to the various cuisines of the Middle East. ...

Literature

Main article: Southern literature

The South has a strong literary history. Characteristics of Southern literature including a focus on a common Southern history, the significance of family, a sense of community and one's role within it, the community's dominant religion ( Conservative Christianity) and the burdens/rewards religion often brings, issues of racial tension, land and the promise it brings, and the use of the Southern dialect. Southern literature (sometimes called the Literature of the American South) is defined as American literature about the Southern United States or by writers from this region. ... A community usually refers to a sociological group in a large place or collections of plant or animal organisms sharing an environment. ...

Perhaps the most famous Southern writer is William Faulkner, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949. Faulkner brought new techniques such as stream of consciousness and complex narrative techniques to American writing (such as in his novel As I Lay Dying). Other well-known Southern writers include Zora Neale Hurston, Eudora Welty, Flannery O'Connor, Carson McCullers, James Dickey, Willie Morris, Tennessee Williams, and Walker Percy. One of the most famous Southern novels of the 20th century, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, won the Pulitzer Prize when it was published in 1960. William Cuthbert Faulkner (September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American novelist and poet whose works feature his native state of Mississippi. ... Nobel Prize in Literature medal. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... In psychology and philosophy stream of consciousness, introduced by William James, is the set of constantly changing inner thoughts and sensations which an individual has while conscious, used as a synonym for stream of thought. ... As I Lay Dying is an American novel written by William Faulkner. ... Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American folklorist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. ... Eudora Welty (b. ... Mary Flannery OConnor (b. ... Carson McCullers, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1959 Carson McCullers (February 19, 1917 – September 29, 1967) was an American writer. ... James Dickey (February 2, 1923 – January 19, 1997) was a popular United States poet and novelist. ... Willie Morris (November 29, 1934 — August 2, 1999), was an American writer and editor born in Jackson, Mississippi, though his family later moved to Yazoo City, Mississippi, which he immortalized in his works of prose. ... Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983), better known by the pseudonym Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright and one of the prominent playwrights of the twentieth century. ... Walker Percy (May 28, 1916 – May 10, 1990) was an American Southern author whose interests included philosophy and semiotics. ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a Southern Gothic novel by Harper Lee. ... Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926) is an American novelist, best known for her Pulitzer Prize–winning 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird. ... The Pulitzer Prize is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in print journalism, literary achievements, and musical composition. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ...

Music

The musical heritage of the South was developed by both whites and blacks, both influencing each other directly and indirectly. The South's musical history actually starts before the Civil War, with the songs of the African slaves and the highlands folk music brought from Europe. Blues was developed in the rural South by Blacks at the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, gospel music, spirituals, country music, rhythm and blues, soul music, bluegrass, jazz (including ragtime, popularized by Southerner Scott Joplin), and Appalachian folk music all were either born in the South or developed in the region. Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that typically follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Gospel music refers to the religious music that first came out of African-American churches in the first quarter of the twentieth century or, more loosely, to both black gospel music and to the religious music composed and sung by predominately white Southern Gospel artists. ... A spiritual is a African-American song, usually with a religious text. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Rhythm and blues (also known as R&B or RnB) is a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences — first performed by African American artists. ... For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... Bluegrass music is considered a form of American roots music which has its own roots in Irish, African, Scottish and English traditional music. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ... Scott Joplin (born between June 1867 – January 1868[1]; died April 1, 1917) was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. ... Appalachian folk music is a distinctive genre of folk music originating in the Appalachia region of the United States of America. ...

Rock n' roll began in the south as well^{[citation needed]}. Early rock n' roll musicians from the south include Johnny Cash (Arkansas), Buddy Holly (Texas), Bo Diddley (Mississippi), Ray Charles (from Georgia, though his musical career started in Seattle), Carl Perkins (Tennessee), Elvis Presley (born in Mississippi, although lived in Memphis, Tennessee during his career), and Jerry Lee Lewis (Louisiana) among others. Chuck Berry, an important early Rock n' Roll figure along with Elvis, is from St. Louis, Missouri, a state that is sometimes considered Southern, and a city with an undeniable Southern influence, largely due to its large African American population and location on the Mississippi River. Many who got their start in show business in the South eventually banked on mainstream success as well: Elvis Presley and Dolly Parton are two such examples. Johnny Cash (born J. R. Cash, February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was a Scottish American, multi Grammy Award-winning influential American country and rock and roll singer and songwriter. ... Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959), better known as Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and a pioneer of rock and roll. ... Bo Diddleys emphasis on rhythm largely influenced popular music, especially that of rock and roll in the 1960s. ... Ray Charles was the stage name of Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004). ... Carl Lee Perkins (April 9, 1932 – January 19, 1998) was an American pioneer of rockabilly music, a mix of rhythm and blues and country music that evolved at Sun Records in Memphis in the early 1950s. ... Elvis Aron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often known simply as Elvis and also called The King of Rock n Roll or simply The King, was an American singer, musician and actor. ... Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry (born October 18, 1926 in St. ... Elvis Aron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often known simply as Elvis and also called The King of Rock n Roll or simply The King, was an American singer, musician and actor. ... Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American Grammy-winning and Academy Award-nominated country singer, songwriter, composer, author, actress and philanthropist. ...

A recent rise in interest in rap music (which is arguably the only major American music not started in the South^{[citation needed]}) has allowed for varied styles. Atlanta, Houston, and Memphis are noted hot spots for distinct styles of rap. During its early years, rap was dominated by a rivalry between East and West Coast styles and rappers, but has now developed in what is called the Dirty South or Third Coast. Hip hop music is a style of popular music. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... Houston redirects here. ... For other uses, see Memphis (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the term Dirty South, see The Dirty South Dirty South is a style of rap music that popped up in the latter half of the 1990s and is based in southern cities and states such as Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, Atlanta, Miami or South Florida, South... Third Coast is a term sometimes used in the United States for regions other than the East Coast and the West Coast, which are commonly seen as centers of American popular culture. ...

Sports

While the South has had a number of Super Bowl winning National Football League teams (such as the Dallas Cowboys, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the Miami Dolphins) the region is noted for the intensity with which people follow high school and college football teams, especially the Southeastern Conference and in Texas where high school football, especially in smaller communities, is a dominating activity. The National Football League (NFL) is the largest and most prestigious professional American football league, consisting of thirty-two teams from American cities and regions. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... City Tampa Bay, Florida Other nicknames The Bucs, Pewter Pirates Team colors Buccaneer Red, Pewter, Black, and Orange Head Coach Jon Gruden Owner Malcolm Glazer General manager Bruce Allen Mascot Captain Fear League/Conference affiliations National Football League (1976–present) American Football Conference (1976) AFC West (1976) National Football Conference... For more information on the franchises current season, see 2007 Miami Dolphins season. ... Main article: Secondary education High school is a name used in some parts of the world, and particularly in North America, to describe the last segment of compulsory education. ... A college football game between Colorado State University and the Air Force Academy. ... The Southeastern Conference (SEC) is a college athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama which operates in the southeastern part of the United States. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

Baseball became popular in the South, with spring training in Florida from the 1920s, and Major League Baseball teams like the Atlanta Braves and Florida Marlins being recent World Series victors. Minor league baseball is also closely followed in the South (with the South being home to more minor league teams than any other region of the United States). A view of the playing field at Busch Memorial Stadium, St. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Major league affiliations National League (1993–present) East Division (1993–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 5, 42 Name Florida Marlins (1993–present) Ballpark Dolphin Stadium (1993–present) a. ... A Class A California League game in San Jose, California (1994) Minor baseball leagues are North American professional baseball leagues that compete at a level below that of Major League Baseball. ...

The South is also the birthplace of NASCAR auto racing. Other popular sports in the South include golf (which can be played almost year-round because of the South's mild climate), fishing, and the hunting of wild game such as deer, birds, and raccoons. Ironically, the hot-weather Tampa Bay Lightning and Carolina Hurricanes are the last two National Hockey League champions. Atlanta was the host of the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of motorsports in the United States. ... Golf is a sport in which individual players or teams hit a ball into a hole using various clubs, and also is one of the few ball games that does not use a fixed standard playing area. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering. ... “Hunter” redirects here. ... Type species Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Species Procyon cancrivorus Procyon insularis Procyon lotor Skull of a raccoon, showing dentition. ... The Tampa Bay Lightning is a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa, Florida. ... The Carolina Hurricanes are a National Hockey League team in Raleigh, North Carolina. ... “NHL” redirects here. ... (Redirected from 1996 Summer Olympic Games) Categories: 1996 Summer Olympics ...

Film and television

The South was the setting of one of the most popular movies of all time, Gone with the Wind (1939). The Dukes of Hazzard remains a very popular television show nearly thirty years after its inception^{[citation needed]}. Although it was filmed in California, it was set in Georgia, with other places in the South also featured prominently. The soap opera Dallas is another example of a nationally popular television show that featured living in the south. The film Sweet Home Alabama (named for the popular southern rock song of the same name) is a reference to the affinity Southern people have with their home towns even though life may take them elsewhere^{[citation needed]}. Gone with the Wind is a 1939 film adapted from Margaret Mitchells 1936 novel of the same name. ... The Dukes of Hazzard is an American television series that originally aired on the CBS television network from 1979 to 1985. ... The Southfork Ranch, home of the Ewing family The original cast of Dallas. ... Sweet Home Alabama can refer to: A song by Lynyrd Skynyrd A movie starring Reese Witherspoon and Josh Lucas This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sweet Home Alabama is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd that first appeared in 1974 on their second album, Second Helping. ...

Art

Though the region has been the home of many artists, the concept of Southern art as a separate genre is a 20th century phenomenon^{[citation needed]}. Outstanding collections of Southern art can be found at the Ogden Museum of Southern Art in New Orleans and the Morris Museum of Southern Art in Augusta. Southern expressionism and folk art are types of art generally considered to be part of Southern art. The Southern Arts Federation maintains a registry of contemporary Southern artists (including visual artists, performing artists, media artists and writers) who have been recognized by their state arts councils based on the outstanding quality of their work. 16 states and Washington, D.C. are defined as the Southern region of the United States by the Census Bureau. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... Woman in Yellow Hat by Catherine Clark Ellis New American Southern expressionism is the movement begun in the late 20th century by a group of painters from the American southeast. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Southern Arts Federation (SAF), headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, is one of six not-for-profit regional arts organizations funded by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). ... The Arts Council of Great Britain was a Quango dedicated to the promotion of the fine arts in Britain. ...

Cultural variations

There continues to be debate about what constitutes the basics elements of Southern culture.[4] This debate is influenced, in part, by the fact that the South is such a large region. As a result, there are a number of cultural variations on display in the region.

Culture of honor

In their study Insult, Aggression, and the Southern Culture of Honor: An “Experimental Ethnography” Dov Cohen and Richard Nisbett found that Southern white males follow norms characteristic of a “culture of honor.” This results in higher aggression compared to white northerners. In 3 experiments, they were insulted by a man who bumped into the participant and called him an “asshole.” Compared with northerners—who were relatively unaffected by the insult—southerners were Richard E. Nisbett is a professor of Psychology and Co-Director of the Culture and Cognition Program at the University of Michigan. ...

• more likely to think their masculine reputation was threatened
• more upset (as shown by a rise in cortisol levels)
• more physiologically primed for aggression (as shown by a rise in testosterone levels)
• more cognitively primed for aggression
• more likely to engage in aggressive and dominant behavior.

Findings highlight the insult–aggression cycle in cultures of honor for this ethnic group. Insults diminish a man's reputation and he tries to restore his status by aggressive or violent behavior.^[4]

See also

• Deep South
• History of the Southern United States
• Politics of the Southern United States

Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... The history of the Southern United States reaches back thousands of years and included the Mississippian peoples, well known for their mound building. ... Politics of the Southern United States (or Southern politics) refers to the political landscape of the Southern United States. ...

Notes

Richard E. Nisbett is a professor of Psychology and Co-Director of the Culture and Cognition Program at the University of Michigan. ...

Sources

• Wilson, Charles R.; William R. Ferris (1989). Encyclopedia of Southern culture. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina. ISBN 0-8078-1823-2. 
• Conkin; Foner, et al. (1988). in Numan V. Bartley (ed.): The evolution of Southern culture. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. ISBN 0-8203-0993-1. 
• Boles, John B. [2002] (2004). A companion to the American South. Malden, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-21319-8. 
• B. A. Botkin; A Treasury of Southern Folklore: Stories, Ballads, Traditions, and Folkways of the People of the South (1949)
• Cash, W. J. The mind of the South (1941)
• James C. Cobb Away Down South : A History of Southern Identity (2005)
• Fischer, D. H. Albion's seed: Four British folkways in America Oxford University Press 1989
• Gorn, E. J. "Gouge, and bite, pull hair and scratch: The social significance of fighting in the southern backcountry". American Historical Review (1985). 90:1, 18-43.
• Richard Gray and Owen Robinson, eds. A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American South (2004)
• Anthony Harkins; Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon Oxford University Press, 2004
• Suzanne W. Jones and Sharon Monteith, eds.South to a New Place: Region, Literature, Culture Louisiana State University Press, 2002.
• Charles W Joyner. Traditions: Southern History & Folk Culture 1999
• John Lowe and Fred Hobson, eds. Bridging Southern Cultures: An Interdisciplinary Approach (2005)
• Grady McWhiney; Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South University of Alabama Press, 1989
• Naipaul, V. S. A turn in the South (1989).
• Ted Ownby; Subduing Satan: Religion, Recreation, and Manhood in the Rural South, 1865-1920 University of North Carolina Press, 1990
• Jeffrey M. Pilcher; "Tex-Mex, Cal-Mex, New Mex, or Whose Mex? Notes on the Historical Geography of Southwestern Cuisine" Journal of the Southwest, Vol. 43, 2001
• John Shelton Reed. The Enduring South: Subcultural Persistence in Mass Society (1986 (ISBN 0-8078-4162-5)
• John Shelton Reed. My Tears Spoiled My Aim: And Other Reflections on Southern Culture (1993) (ISBN 0-8262-0886-X)
• John Shelton Reed and Dale Volberg Reed, 1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South (1996)
• James M. Volo and Dorothy Denneen Volo, eds; The Antebellum Period Greenwood Press, 2004
• Wyatt-Brown, B. The Shaping of Southern Culture: Honor, Grace, and War, 1760s-1890s 2001
• Zelinsky, Wilbur. The cultural geography of the United States Prentice-Hall. (1973).