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Details of the Soviet Moonshot were kept intensely secret until the arrival of glasnost. The plan was hindered by the death of Sergei Korolev in 1966 and the disaster of Soyuz 1 in 1967. Following the success of Project Apollo in 1969 materials and personnel were switched to other programmes and the whole project was cancelled in 1974. Motto: Пролетарии вÑех Ñтран, ÑоединÑйтеÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow Official languages None; Russian de facto Government Socialist Republic/Federation of Soviet Republics - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev - Last Premier Ivan Silayev...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (СергеÌй ПаÌвлович Королёв) (December 30, 1906– January 14, 1966) was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the space race, known only as the chief designer during his lifetime. ...
1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...
Soyuz 1 (Russian Союз 1, Union 1) was part of the Soviet Unions space program and was launched into orbit on April 23, 1967, carrying a single cosmonaut, Colonel Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov, who was killed when the spacecraft crashed after its return to Earth. ...
Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ...
Year 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...
1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
Korolev's Soyuz concept
 Soyuz-A manned spacecraft concept (1963). It was to have been part of the Soyuz A-B-C circumlunar complex
 Soyuz A-B-C circumlunar concept. The drawing shows Soyuz-A (right), Soyuz-B booster, and Soyuz-C tanker with twin whip antennae (left) Although the Soviet leadership had made public pronouncements about landing a man on the Moon and establishing a lunar base as early as 1961, there was no apparent active planning. Korolev initially promoted the Soyuz concept in which a two-man craft would rendezvous with other components in Earth orbit to assemble a lunar excursion vehicle, the components being delivered by the proven R-7 rocket. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1722x1122, 112 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soyuz programme Soyuz spacecraft Soviet Moonshot ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1722x1122, 112 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soyuz programme Soyuz spacecraft Soviet Moonshot ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1744x1221, 122 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1744x1221, 122 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot ...
Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...
An artists rendering of a lunar base. ...
Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft approaching the International Space Station Soyuz (Russian: Союз, pronounced sah-YOUS, meaning union) is a series of spacecraft designed by Sergey Korolyov for the Soviet Unions space program. ...
R-7 with Sputnik 2 The R-7 (Semyorka) was the worlds first ICBM and was deployed by the Soviet Union. ...
A competing mission was developed by Vladimir Chelomei to use a UR-500 rocket (it was later renamed to Proton rocket) to launch a cislunar orbiting flight. Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomei (ВладиÌмир ÐиколаÌевич ЧеломеÌй) (June 30, 1914—December 8, 1984) was a Soviet mechanics scientist and rocket engineer. ...
The Proton (ПротоÌн) rocket (formal designation: UR-500, also known as D-1/ D-1e or SL-12/SL-13) is a Russian unmanned space vehicle design, first launched in 1965. ...
 Proton-K rocket with Zond (7K-L1) circumlunar spacecraft (Baikonur) Chelomei's project had the lead until 1964 when a change of Soviet leadership swung behind Korolev. Download high resolution version (1200x848, 559 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (1200x848, 559 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Korolev's N1-L3 plan After Korolev was forced to abandon orbital assembly of a lunar vehicle, he planned to use his proposed heavy lift booster, the N-1, to deliver a lunar vehicle in a single launch. The problem was that the N-1 as originally designed did not have enough power to send a manned landing mission. Korolev carried on for a year with the hope of improvising a solution but his death ended this. Two N1 Moon rockets appear on the pads at Baikonur Cosmodrome in early July 1969. ...
Korolev's final plan for a manned landing adopted the same method of Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as Project Apollo. Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ...
LOK Command Ship - Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl A variant of the Soyuz craft, the 'LOK' Command Ship (Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl), would carry a two-man crew atop a single three-stage N-1 booster. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1750x1194, 161 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot LK Lander ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1750x1194, 161 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot LK Lander ...
Soyuz TMA-6 spacecraft approaching the International Space Station Soyuz (Russian: Союз, pronounced sah-YOUS, meaning union) is a series of spacecraft designed by Sergey Korolyov for the Soviet Unions space program. ...
A fourth stage pushed the 'LOK', the 'Block D' fifth stage and the 'LK' Lander (not to be confused with Chelomei's LK circumlunar capsule) toward the moon. The 'Block D' fifth stage engine slowed the 'LOK' and 'LK' into lunar orbit. Block D (Блок Д in Russian) is upper stage of rockets used by USSR/Russia. ...
Following the coast to the moon, one cosmonaut would spacewalk from the 'LOK' to the 'LK' Lander Lunniy Korabl and enter it. The LK (Lunniy korabl - lunar craft) was a Soviet lunar lander and counterpart of the American LM Lunar Module. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1347x1364, 128 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot LK Lander ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1347x1364, 128 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soviet Moonshot LK Lander ...
He separated 'Block D' and LK' from 'LOK' and dropped toward the moon using 'Block Ds engine.
Lunar landing After 'Block D' exhausted its fuel, the 'LK' lander separated and completed landing using its own engine. As originally planned, an earlier unmanned probe of the Luna programme would act as a beacon for the LK. The lone cosmonaut would collect moonrocks and hoist the Soviet flag.
Earth return After a day on the lunar suface the LK's engine would fire again using its landing leg structure as a launch pad. To save weight, the engine used for landing also blasted the 'LK' back to lunar orbit for an automated docking with 'LOK'. The cosmonaut spacewalked back to 'LOK' caring the moonrock samples, with the 'LK' being cast off. After this, the 'LOK' fired its rocket for the return to Earth.
Cosmonauts In 1966 two cosmonaut training groups were formed. One group was commanded by Vladimir Komarov and included Yuri Gagarin, and was to prepare for qualification flights of the Soyuz in Earth orbit and a Proton launched cis-lunar mission. The second group was led by Alexei Leonov and concentrated on the landing mission. As a result, Leonov has the strongest claim to have been the Soviet's first choice for first man on the moon. After Komarov's death in Soyuz 1 in 1967, Gagarin was taken out of training and the groups were restructured. Despite the Soyuz 1 setback, the Soviets successfully rehearsed the automated docking of two unmanned Soyuz craft in earth orbit in 1968 and with the manned Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 joint mission in early 1969 tested the other key mission elements. Vladimir Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (Russian: Владимир Михайлович Комаров; March 16, 1927 – April 24, 1967) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ...
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: , Jurij AlekseeviÄ Gagarin; March 9, 1934 – March 27, 1968), Hero of the Soviet Union, was a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first human in space and the first human to orbit the Earth. ...
Aleksei Leonov Aleksei Arkhipovich Leonov (Cyrillic: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов; born May 30, 1934 in Listvyanka) is a retired cosmonaut who, on March 18, 1965 became the first person...
Soyuz 4 launched January 14, 1969. ...
The Soyuz 5 was a Soyuz spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on January 15, 1969 that docked with Soyuz 4 in orbit. ...
Cancellation The success of Project Apollo in putting American astronauts on the Moon in 1969 put the United States ahead in the Space race, and that was the deathblow to the Soviet moon program, although plans were drawn up until the early 1970s. Four N-1 launches were attempted but all were failures, despite engineering improvements after each crash. The second launch attempt on 3 July 1969, just 13 days prior to the launch of Apollo 11, was a catastrophic failure which destroyed both the rocket and the launch complex. Subsequently, the Soviets decided to concentrate on the development of space stations, gaining several "firsts" in the process, and also a long term Mars program, which continues to the present day [1][2] Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ...
Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...
Titan II rockets launched 12 U.S. Gemini spacecraft in the 1960s. ...
Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. ...
A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live on in outer space. ...
The LK was flown twice unmanned in 1971 in earth orbit and proved its design. A replica of it now stands in Euro Disney. Castle of the Sleeping Beauty in Disneyland Park Disneyland Resort Paris is a theme park in Marne-la-Vallée, near Paris. ...
See also The name Zond (meaning probe in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft. ...
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (СергеÌй ПаÌвлович Королёв) (December 30, 1906– January 14, 1966) was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the space race, known only as the chief designer during his lifetime. ...
Soviet Soyuz rockets like the one pictured above were the first reliable means to transport objects into Earth orbit. ...
Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ...
Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...
Two N1 Moon rockets appear on the pads at Baikonur Cosmodrome in early July 1969. ...
The term L3 may refer to: The Microkernel predecessor of the L4 microkernel family in Computers The Level-3 CPU cache in a computer The third lumbar vertebra in Human anatomy The third Lagrange Point in an astronomical Solar System An Italian tank type in WWII Combat Vehicles The Russian...
The LK (Lunniy korabl - lunar craft) was a Soviet lunar lander and counterpart of the American LM Lunar Module. ...
Lost Cosmonauts or Phantom Cosmonauts are cosmonauts that allegedly entered outer space and records of their voyages were kept confidential or destroyed altogether. ...
External links - The Soviet Manned Lunar Programme
- Why did the Soviet Union lose the Moon Race?
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