Soyuz 11 was the first successful visit to the world's first space station, Salyut 1, but ended in disaster when an air leak killed the three-man crew during preparations for re-entry. The cosmonauts aboard Soyuz 11 were Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 1 day remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precison atomic time standard. ... Map showing the location of Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ğarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest operational space launch facility. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... The International Space Station in 2006 Computer-generated image of the completed International Space Station A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... Salyut 1 (DOS 1) was the first Salyut space station, and the first human-made space station of any kind. ... U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit. ... Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; born November 23, 1935, Moscow – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. ... Georgi Dobrovolski Georgi Timofeyevich Dobrovolski (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; June 1, 1928 – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Viktor Patsayev Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; June 19, 1933, Aktuybinsk – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and had the unfortunate distinction of being part of the second crew to die during a space flight. ...

Mission

The Soyuz spacecraft was launched on June 6, 1971, from Baikonur Cosmodrome in central Kazakh SSR. Several months earlier, the first mission to the Salyut, Soyuz 10, had failed to successfully dock with the station. Soyuz 11, however, successfully docked with Salyut 1 on June 7 and the cosmonauts remained on-board for 22 days, setting space endurance records that would hold until the American Skylab 2 mission in May-June 1973. The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Luna programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 1 day remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Map showing the location of Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ğarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest operational space launch facility. ... State motto: Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Skylab 2 or SL-2 was the first human spaceflight mission to Skylab, the first U.S. orbital space station. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...

Upon first entering the station, the crew encountered a smokey and burnt atmosphere and after replacing part of the ventilation system spent the next day back in their Soyuz until the air cleared. Their stay in Salyut was productive, including live television broadcasts. However, a fire broke out on day 11 of their stay causing mission planners to consider abandoning the station. The planned highlight of the mission was to have been the observation of an N-1 booster launch but this was postponed. The crew also found that using the exercise treadmill as they were required to do twice a day caused the whole station to vibrate. In what was a rare move at the time, Pravda released news of the mission and regular updates while it was in progress. Two N1 Moon rockets appear on the pads at Baikonur Cosmodrome in early July 1969. ... Pravda (Russian: , The Truth) was a leading newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party between 1912 and 1991. ...

Death of crew

On June 30, 1971, after an apparently normal re-entry of the capsule of the Soyuz 11 mission, the recovery team opened the capsule to find the crew dead. It quickly became apparent that they had asphyxiated. The fault was traced to a valve that had been jolted open as the descent module separated from the service module. The two were held together by explosive bolts designed to fire sequentially, but in fact they fired simultaneously while over France. The valve, less than 1 mm in diameter, was supposed to equalise pressure inside the capsule in the final moments before landing, but in this case had instead allowed the cosmonauts' air to leak away into space. Located beneath the cosmonaut's couches, it proved impossible to locate and block the leak before the air was lost. It is estimated that the cabin lost all its atmosphere in about 30 seconds while still at a height of 168 km. Within seconds, Patsayev had realized the problem and had unstrapped from his seat to try and cover the valve inlet and shut off the valve but there was little time left. It would take 60 seconds to shut off the valve manually and Patsayev managed to half close it before passing out. Dobrovolsky and Volkov were virtually powerless to help since they were strapped in their seats, with little room to move in the small capsule and no real way to assist Patsayev. June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Atmospheric entry is the transition from the vacuum of space to the atmosphere of any planet or other celestial body. ... Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ... These water valves are regulated by handles. ... The Reeentry capsule is the part of the Soviet/Russian Soyuz or Chineese Shenzhou spacecraft that returns to Earth after either a International Space Station-bound flight (Soyuz) or solo-orbit flight (Shenzhou). ... A spacecrafts service module is a compartment containing a variety of support systems used for spacecraft operations, but not any habitable area. ... An explosive bolt is a fastener that incorporates a pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated by an electrical command. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter), symbol mm is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... DIAMETER is an AAA protocol (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) succeeding its predecessor RADIUS. // The name is a pun on the RADIUS protocol, which is the predecessor (a diameter is twice the radius). ... Layers of Atmosphere (NOAA) Air redirects here. ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA)[1] Outer space, also simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. ...

Film later declassified showed support crews attempting CPR on the cosmonauts. They attempted to save the cosmonauts in the hope that the decompression accident occurred in a timeframe that might have allowed for some of them to be saved. It is believed now that they had not been breathing for at least 15 minutes, and they were already dead when the spacecraft touched down. Wikibooks has more about this subject: First Aid/CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first aid procedure for a victim of cardiac arrest. ... Explosive decompression (ED) is a sudden drop in pressure that occurs in 0. ...

The cosmonauts were given a large state funeral, and all three are buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at Red Square, Moscow. U.S. astronaut Tom Stafford was one of the pallbearers. Craters on the Moon were named after the three cosmonauts. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Kremlin Wall Necropolis The Kremlin Wall Necropolis (Некрополь у Кремлёвской стены in Russian) is a part of the Kremlin Wall, which surrounds the Moscow Kremlin and overlooks the Red Square. ... For other uses, see Red Square (disambiguation). ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... For other uses, see Astronaut (disambiguation). ... See also: Tom Stafford (astronomer). ... A pallbearer is one of several funeral paranymphs who bears the casket of a deceased person from a religious or memorial service or viewing either directly to a cemetery or mausoleum, or to and from the hearse which does so. ... Tycho crater on Earths moon. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... 14 craters on the Moon have been named after astronauts and cosmonauts who have died as part of a space mission. ...

The Soyuz spacecraft was extensively redesigned after this incident to carry only two cosmonauts. The extra room meant that the crew could wear space suits during launch and landing. A Soyuz capsule would not hold three cosmonauts again until the Soyuz-T redesign in 1980, which freed enough space for three cosmonauts in space suits to travel in the capsule. The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the Luna programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... The Space Shuttle Discovery as seen from the International Space Station. ... Apollo 15 space suit A spacesuit is a complex system of garments, equipment, and environmental systems designed to keep a person alive and comfortable in the harsh environment of outer space. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

Crew

• Georgi Dobrovolski (1)
• Viktor Patsayev (1)
• Vladislav Volkov (2)

(1) number of spaceflights each crew member had completed, including this mission. Georgi Dobrovolski Georgi Timofeyevich Dobrovolski (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; June 1, 1928 – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut. ... Viktor Patsayev Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; June 19, 1933, Aktuybinsk – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and had the unfortunate distinction of being part of the second crew to die during a space flight. ... Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; born November 23, 1935, Moscow – June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. ...

The prime crew for Soyuz 11 consisted of Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov and Pyotr Kolodin. A medical X-ray examination four days before launch suggested that Kubasov might have tuberculosis, and per mission rules the crew were replaced with their back-up. For Dobrovolski and Patsayev this was to be their first space mission. After the failure of Salyut 2 to orbit, Kubasov and Leonov were reassigned to Soyuz 19 for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975. Aleksei Leonov Aleksei Arkhipovich Leonov (Cyrillic: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов; born May 30, 1934 in Listvyanka) is a retired cosmonaut who, on March 18, 1965 became the first person... Valeri Kubasov Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov (Russian: Валерий Николаевич Кубасов; born January 7, 1935 in Vyazniki) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease that is caused by mycobacteria, primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... Salyut 2 was launched April 4, 1973. ... The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the US and Soviet space programs. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...

Mission parameters

• Mass: 6790 kg
• Perigee: 163 km
• Apogee: 237 km
• Inclination: 51.5°
• Period: 88.4 min

Coordinates: 45°55′N, 63°20′E Soyuz 10 was the first planned visit to the worlds first space station, Salyut 1, which had been successfully placed in orbit on April 19, 1971. ... The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... Soyuz 12 was the test flight of the newly-redesigned Soyuz spacecraft that was intended to provide greater crew safety in the wake of the Soyuz 11 tragedy. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...