Lake Baikal The Yenisei River basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk Lake Baikal (Russian: О́зеро Байка́л (Ozero Baykal)), a lake in southern Siberia, Russia, between Irkutsk Oblast on the northwest and Buryatia on the southeast, near Irkutsk. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. ... The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Crew

• Boris Volynov (2)
• Vitali Zholobov (1)

(1) number of spaceflights each crew member has completed, including this mission. Boris Volynov Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Russian: Борис Валентинович Волынов; born December 18, 1934 in Irkutsk) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. ... Vitali Mikhailovich Zholobov (Russian: Виталий Михайлович Жолобов; born June 18, 1937 in Zburjevka, Ukraine) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on one space flight, Soyuz 21, as the flight engineer. ...

Mission parameters

• Mass: 6800 kg
• Perigee: 246 km
• Apogee: 274 km
• Inclination: 51.6°
• Period: 89.7 min

Mission highlights

Soyuz 21 carried cosmonauts Boris Volynov and Vitali Zholobov to the Salyut 5 space station. The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... Boris Volynov Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Russian: Борис Валентинович Волынов; born December 18, 1934 in Irkutsk) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. ... Vitali Mikhailovich Zholobov (Russian: Виталий Михайлович Жолобов; born June 18, 1937 in Zburjevka, Ukraine) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on one space flight, Soyuz 21, as the flight engineer. ... Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket. ... A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live on in outer space. ...

The Salyut 5 crew’s stay coincided with the start of the Siber military exercise in Siberia. The cosmonauts observed the exercise as part of an assessment of the station’s military surveillance capabilities. They conducted only a few scientific experiments–these included first use of the Kristall furnace for crystal growth. Engineering experiments included propellant transfer system tests with implications for future Progress freighter operations.

Experiments conducted during the mission were mainly of a military nature as part of the Almaz programme. However, various purely scientific tasks were also carried out, including solar observations and biological observations (an aquarium of fish was carried into orbit). A TV link-up with school children was also undertaken. The Almaz (Алмаз - Diamond) program was a series of military space stations launched by the Soviet Union under cover of the Salyut program. ...

The Soyuz 21 crew seems to have left the station suddenly, ahead of their scheduled departure date. This has been attributed to a fire, an environmental control system failure, and to health problems caused by fumes from chemicals used to develop film from the station’s surveillance cameras. Mention has been made of poisonous vapours present on the station, but the crew also seemed to be suffering psychologically and physically for other reasons. Zholobov in particular experienced terrible space-sickness and homesickness. Space sickness is what astronauts go through when they adapt to zero gravity. ...

Crew None Mission Parameters Mass: 6570 kg Perigee: 177 km Apogee: 251 km Inclination: 51. ... The Soyuz human spaceflight programme was initiated in the early 1960s as part of the manned lunar programme that was intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. ... Soyuz 22 was an earth-sciences mission using a modified Soyuz capsule that had served as a backup for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission the previous year. ...