Mission Insignia
Mission Statistics
Mission Name:	Soyuz 28
Call Sign:	Зенит ("Zenith")
Crew:	Aleksei Gubarev Vladimír Remek
Launch:	March 2, 1978 15:28 UTC Baikonur LC1
Landing:	March 10, 1978 13:44 UTC 51° N, 67° E
Duration:	7 days, 22 hours and 17 minutes

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (743x750, 1176 KB) Soyuz 28 patch white background File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Soyuz 28 Vladimír Remek ... The zenith, in astronomy, is the point in the sky which appears directly above the observer. ... Image:Gubarev. ... Vladimír Remek Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) was the first Czech in space, and the first cosmonaut from neither the USSR or the USA. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, for seven days, 22 hours, and 17 minutes. ... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... It has been suggested that leap second be merged into this article or section. ... The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ğarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром Байконур, Kosmodrom Baykonur), also called Tyuratam, is the worlds oldest and largest working space launch facility. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in leap years). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

Crew

• Aleksei Gubarev (2)
• Vladimír Remek - Czechoslovakia (1)

Image:Gubarev. ... Vladimír Remek Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) was the first Czech in space, and the first cosmonaut from neither the USSR or the USA. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, for seven days, 22 hours, and 17 minutes. ...

Mission parameters

• Mass: 6800 kg
• Perigee: 198.9 km
• Apogee: 275.6 km
• Inclination: 51.65°
• Period: 88.95 minutes

Soyuz 28 was launched March 2, 1978, and was the third mission to dock with Salyut 6. Vladimír Remek was also the first person launched into space who was not a citizen of the United States or the Soviet Union. It was the first mission in the Intercosmos program that gave Eastern Bloc and other Communist countries access to space through manned and unmanned launches. March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. ... Vladimír Remek Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) was the first Czech in space, and the first cosmonaut from neither the USSR or the USA. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, for seven days, 22 hours, and 17 minutes. ...

They docked with Salyut 6, which was already occupied by Georgi Grechko and Yuri Romanenko. Like all Intercosmos missions it was 7 days and 21.5 hours plus minus 1 hour in length. This meant that no country could be offended by the fact that such and such a country had a longer flight and possibly perceive that the Soviet Union liked that country more. Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko (Russian: Георгий Михайлович Гречко; born May 25, 1931 in Leningrad) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three space flights: Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14. ... Roman Yurievich Romanenko (Major, Russian Air Force) (born August 9, 1971, in Schelkovo, near Moscow) is a test-cosmonaut at the Yu. ... East German postage stamp The Intercosmos program was a program by the Soviet Union to allow fellow Socialist nations to participate in space exploration. ...

The mission was mostly for propaganda purposes. The 4 crew members on Salyut 6 received messages from Leonid Brezhnev and Gustáv Husák, the leader of Czechoslovakia. It was hoped that the Intercosmos flights would help prop up some of the failing communist regimes in the Eastern Bloc. Husák was unpopular in Czechoslovakia after reversing the reforms of his predecessor (who had been ousted by Warsaw Pact countries). Romanenko spoke on behalf of the crew saying: Salyut 6 was a Soviet space station launched on September 29, 1977. ... Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Russian: ; December 19 [O.S. January 1 1907] 1906 – November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... Gustáv Husák (January 10, 1913 Dúbravka (today part of Bratislava) - November 18, 1991 Bratislava) was a Slovak politician, a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. ... A map of the Eastern Bloc. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement among airlines about financial liability. ...

"We shall apply all our strengths and knowledge to defend the great honour of this international crew, which has started to carry our this joint program of socialist countries' research and utilisation of outer space for peaceful purposes."

As for experiments these were standardised over all the Intercosmos missions. There was a variety of cardiovascular and medical experiments, some multispectral photography of the visitors home country and one or two experiments developed by scientists in the visiting cosmonauts country. In Remek's case these were material processing.

The time was agony for one of the long duration crew members, Romanenko. He had developed an excruciating toothache and there was little that they could do on the station. All that the doctors at mission control could suggest was that he washed his mouth with warm water and keep warm. By the end of the mission (they landed only six days after the Soyuz 28 crew), a nerve had been exposed.

Most of the guest cosmonauts were trained as military pilots within the Soviet Union and spoke excellent Russian. Despite that a joke appeared soon after the mission that Remek's hand had mysteriously turned red after the mission. He informed the doctors that this was because every time he went to touch something, the Russian crewmembers would slap his hand and yell, "Don't touch that!" A joke is a short story or short series of words spoken or communicated with the intent of being laughed at or found humorous by the listener or reader. ...

The crew landed 135 km north of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan in the Soyuz 28 spacecraft.

External links

• http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-28.htm
• http://www.terra.es/personal/heimdall/eng/soyuz28.htm
• http://www.spacepatches.info/salyut/s28.html
• http://www.astronautix.com/flights/salt6ep2.htm
• http://books.nap.edu/books/0309085489/html/index.html