Space advocacy is a political position that favors the exploration, utilization, and colonization of outer space. Politics is the process by which decisions are made within groups. ... Astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the Moon. ... Artists conception of a space habitat called the Stanford torus, by Don Davis Space colonization, also called space settlement and space humanization, is the possible permanent autonomous (self-sufficient) human habitation of locations outside Earth. ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA) Outer space, also simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. ...

There are many different organizations dedicated to space advocacy. They are usually active in lobbying governments for increased funding in space-related activities. They also recruit members, fund projects, and provide information for their membership and interested visitors. They are sub-divided into three categories depending on their primary work: practice, advocacy, and theory. An organization or organisation (read more about -ize vs -ise) is a formal group of people with one or more shared goals. ...

Practice

These organizations are noted for developing theories and actually putting them into practice through projects, as well as space advocacy.

• The Mars Society, founded by Robert Zubrin, studies and advocates for the exploration and settlement of Mars, and has many international volunteer-run projects [1]
• The Space Studies Institute was founded by Gerard O'Neill to fund the study of space habitats, built several mass driver prototypes [2]
• The Planetary Society, founded by Carl Sagan and two of his colleagues, claims to be the largest space interest group, with about 100,000 members; emphasis on robotic exploration and the search for extraterrestrial life, recent solar sail construction and attempted launch [3]

Mars Society logo. ... Robert Zubrin is an aerospace engineer and author best known for his advocacy of manned Mars exploration. ... Cover of procedings for 7th Space Manufacturing conference. ... Gerard Kitchen ONeill (1927 - 1992) was a U.S. physicist and space pioneer. ... A mass driver for lunar launch (artists conception) A mass driver or electromagnetic catapult is a method of spacecraft propulsion that would use a linear motor to accelerate payloads up to high speeds. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrobiologist, and highly successful science popularizer. ... Unmanned space missions are those using remote-controlled spacecraft. ... See: Set (mythology) The SETI@home grid computing project SETI, the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Pharaohs of Egypt: Seti I Seti II Seti Zone, one of the zones of Nepal S.E.T.I., an album by the norwegian neo industrial metal band The Kovenant Category: ... Concept image of a solar sail spacecraft in the process of unfurling sails. ...

Advocacy

Organizations that focus mainly on space advocacy, education, and lobbying activities.

• The National Space Society (formed from a merger of the National Space Institute, founded by Wernher von Braun, and the L5 Society, founded by Gerard O'Neill) is an organization with the vision of "people living and working in thriving communities beyond the Earth." [4]
• The Space Frontier Foundation promotes strong free market, capitalist views about space development. [5]
• The British Interplanetary Society, founded in 1933 and once led by Arthur C. Clarke, is the world's longest established space society. [6]
• Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) is a student organization founded in 1980 at MIT and Princeton. [7]
• The Canadian Space Society was founded in 1983; in addition to carrying on its own space-advocacy activities, it acts as an umbrella organization for various other Canadian pro-space groups.[8]

National Space Society logo The National Space Society (NSS) is an international nonprofit 501(c)(3), educational, and scientific organization specializing in space advocacy. ... The National Space Institute was a space advocacy group established by Wernher von Braun in 1974. ... Wernher von Braun stands at his desk in the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama in May 1964, with models of rockets developed and in progress. ... The original L5 Society logo, currently located at the L5 News archive on the World Wide Web The L5 Society was founded in 1975 by Carolyn and Keith Henson to promote the space colony ideas of Dr. Gerard K. ONeill. ... Gerard Kitchen ONeill (1927 - 1992) was a U.S. physicist and space pioneer. ... The Space Frontier Foundation is a small but influential space advocacy organization that promotes increased involvement of the private sector, rather than governments, in the exploration and development of space. ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ... The British Interpainetary Society (BIS) founded in 133, is the oldest organisation in the world whose aim is exclusively to savor and pluck astronautics and pace exploration. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (born December 16, 1917) is a British author and inventor, most famous for his science-fiction novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, and for collaborating with director Stanley Kubrick on the film of the same name. ... Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) is an international student organization whose purpose is to promote space exploration and development through educational and engineering projects. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is organized into five schools and one college, containing 34 academic departments and 53 interdisciplinary laboratories, centers and programs. ... Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States of America. ... The Canadian Space Society (CSS) is a federally-incorporated non-profit Canadian corporation. ...

Theory

Focus on advocating a theory for space exploration or colonization.

• The Alliance to Rescue Civilization plans to establish backups of human civilization on the Moon and other locations away from Earth. [9]
• The Artemis Project plans to set up a private lunar surface station. [10]
• The Living Universe Foundation has a detailed plan in which the entire galaxy is colonized. [11]
• Red Colony strives to collect and develop theories in Mars colonization and terraformation via contributions and debate from the general public. [12]

The Alliance to Rescue Civilization is an organization devoted to the establishment an off-Earth backup of human civilization. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Artemis Project is a private venture to establish a permanent, self-supporting community on the Moon. ... The Living Universe Foundation is an organization that supports ocean and space colonization more or less based upon the book The Millennial Project: Colonizing the Galaxy in Eight Easy Steps by author Marshall Savage . ... The Milky Way (a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn derived from the Greek Γαλαξίας (Galaxias), sometimes referred to simply as the Galaxy), is a barred spiral galaxy of the Local Group. ... The Red Colony logo Red Colony (often abbreviated RC) is an international Mars colonization and terraformation advocacy group, founded on July 4, 2000 by Alex Moore, while a high school freshman in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ... Mars. ... Artists conception of a terraformed Mars in three stages of development. ...

History

Historians agree that space flight and especially manned space flight was not inevitable, but rather that society was convinced of the need for it by a few revolutionaries. These “revolutionaries” were primarily all members of the American, British, and German rocket societies and together starting in the 1930s began to share their individual plans for our future in space with each other. The result was that the people involved agreed on and promoted the idea that the logical order of goals for space flight was: a rocket powered launch vehicle, a station in orbit, a series of rocket powered manned space vehicles, a moon landing, a moon base, and a manned expedition to Mars. This "space agenda" was promoted as a technological reality based on factual science although the proponents admitted the details provided would not necessarily be how it would look.

Examples of this "space agenda" were provided to the public via books, magazines, and television programs. Influential books included those containing illustrations by Chesley Bonestell (based on Wernher von Braun's designs) such as The Conquest of Space (1949). Influential magazine articles included the "Man Will Conquer Space Soon!" series of article in Colliers magazine between 1952 and 1954. Television shows included Walt Disney's Man in Space and Man and the Moon in 1955, and Mars and Beyond in 1957. Chesley Bonestell (1888-1986) was a painter, designer, and illustrator. ... Wernher von Braun stands at his desk in the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama in May 1964, with models of rockets developed and in progress. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Man Will Conquer Space Soon! was the title of a famous series of 1950s articles in Colliers Weekly Magazine laying out Wernher von Brauns plans for manned spaceflight. ... Colliers were merchant ships that were used to haul coal, also known as The term collier also means coal miner. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Walter Elias Disney (December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966), was an American film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, animator, and philanthropist. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...