SpaceX
Type	Private
Founded	2002
Headquarters	El Segundo, California
Key people	Elon Musk: CEO and CTO
Industry	Aerospace
Products	Orbital rocket launch
Revenue	unknown
Employees	205
Slogan	"Revolutionizing access to space" (?)
Website	spacex.com

The Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is a space-transportation startup company whose stated goal is to improve the cost and reliability of access to space "ultimately by a factor of ten". It is based in El Segundo, California, USA. SpaceX logo This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... A private company is a company that is independently owned. ... The El Segundo skyline, as seen from Sepulveda Boulevard (CA/SR-1) El Segundo is a city in Los Angeles County, California on the Santa Monica Bay, incorporated on January 18, 1917. ... Image:Elon Musk 1999. ... A chief executive officer (CEO), or chief executive, is the highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, or agency. ... Chief Technical Officer or Chief Technology Officer, usually seen as CTO, is a business executive position whose holder is focused on technical issues in a company. ... Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering that concerns aircraft, spacecraft, and related topics. ... An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) in the general sense is a spaceflight where the trajectory of a spacecraft reaches the height of, and through having an appropriate velocity enters into, orbit around an astronomical body. ... Rockets (including missiles) can be launched from the following: for a launch into an orbital spaceflight and beyond: a launch pad, including a floating platform (see San Marco platform, Sea Launch) for the launch into a suborbital flight also: a missile silo a mobile launcher vehicle a submarine air launch... Revenue is a U.S. business term for the amount of money that a company earns from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. ... Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... Look up Slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, typically common to a particular domain name or subdomain on the World Wide Web on the Internet. ... Currently, the most common technology for space transport is rocket propulsion, which expels matter to provide a net forward thrust. ... A startup company is a company with a limited operating history. ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA) Outer space, also simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. ... The El Segundo skyline, as seen from Sepulveda Boulevard (CA/SR-1) El Segundo is a city in Los Angeles County, California on the Santa Monica Bay, incorporated on January 18, 1917. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ...

SpaceX is developing a family of partially reusable two-stage kerosene–liquid-oxygen launch vehicles. A two stage to orbit (or TSTO) launch vehicle is a spacecraft in which two distinct stages provide propulsion consecutively in order to achieve orbital velocity. ... RP-1 (refined petroleum) is a highly refined form of kerosene similar to jet fuel, used in the United States as a rocket fuel. ... Image from Dr Warwick Hillier see http://www. ... Rockets (including missiles) can be launched from the following: for a launch into an orbital spaceflight and beyond: a launch pad, including a floating platform (see San Marco platform, Sea Launch) for the launch into a suborbital flight also: a missile silo a mobile launcher vehicle a submarine air launch...

Background

SpaceX was founded in June 2002 by CEO/CTO Elon Musk, who had also co-founded startup companies Zip2 and PayPal. As of March 2006 he had invested about $100,000,000 of his personal wealth in SpaceX. Although Musk has stated that he could financially handle two early-launch failures, he also has said "If we have three consecutive failures […] it's not clear to me that we know what we're doing and maybe we should go out of business." 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for June, 2002. ... A chief executive officer (CEO), or chief executive, is the highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, or agency. ... Chief Technical Officer or Chief Technology Officer, usually seen as CTO, is a business executive position whose holder is focused on technical issues in a company. ... Image:Elon Musk 1999. ... A startup company is a company with a limited operating history. ... eBay North First Street satellite office campus (home to PayPal) PayPal is an e-commerce business allowing payments and money transfers to be made through the Internet. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

As of November 2005, the company has approximately 160 employees.^[1] The launch crew in the Marshall Islands comprises 25 persons, with 6 in mission control. This small number of employees, when compared to other companies that produce similarly sized rockets, is part of the cost reduction that Musk is trying to achieve. He sees other rocket manufacturers as providing space-launch services at an unreasonably high price to support an unnecessary bureaucracy. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Launcher versions

Envelope Length 21. ... The Falcon 5 is a Falcon family two stage to orbit RP-1 kerosene/liquid oxygen semi-reusable launch vehicle designed and manufactured by SpaceX. The 1st stage includes five Merlin engines and the upper stage includes one Merlin engine. ... The Falcon 9 is an EELV class launch vehicle to be built by SpaceX. Three variants are proposed and, if built, will provide payloads of between 8,700 kg and 24,750 kg to low Earth orbit, and between 3,100 kg and 9,650 kg to Geostationary transfer orbit. ... SpaceX Merlin engine. ... The Kestrel engine is an upper stage RP-1 kerosene/liquid oxygen pressure-fed rocket engine. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. ... A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... A geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit around the Earth between a low Earth orbit (LEO) and a geostationary orbit (GEO). ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ... A geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit around the Earth between a low Earth orbit (LEO) and a geostationary orbit (GEO). ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 3. ...

Launches

Falcon 1 was developed and launched first.

Maiden flight

Falcon 1 prototype.

The first Falcon 1 at Space Launch Complex—Three West (SLC-3W), Vandenberg Air Force Base.

On November 26, 2005, the first launch attempt was scrubbed because of weather and ground-related holds. On December 19, 2005, a second scrub occurred when a faulty valve caused the first-stage kerosene tank to deform during an unfueling maneuver. Subsequently, the launch tower was redesigned to reduce liquid-oxygen boil-off and to avoid wind-related holds. On February 10, 2006, further static testing led to a delay for an unspecified cause. Image File history File links SpaceX_falcon_in_warehouse. ... Image File history File links SpaceX_falcon_in_warehouse. ... Envelope Length 21. ... Image File history File links SpaceX_Falcon_verticle_on_the_launch_pad. ... Image File history File links SpaceX_Falcon_verticle_on_the_launch_pad. ... Envelope Length 21. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On March 17 and March 22, before the maiden flight, two static firings were performed in order to validate the rocket hardware and launch procedures. March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in leap years). ...

The Falcon 1 maiden flight was originally scheduled for 1:00 P.M. PST (4:00 P.M. EST, 9:00 P.M. GMT) on March 24. An unplanned hold of about 90 minutes occurred because a ship tasked with recovery of the first stage was in a restricted down-range zone. March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in leap years). ...

The maiden launch of the Falcon 1 finally occurred on 24 March 2006, at 22:30 UTC (09:30 local time, 25 March), from Omelek Island, in the Kwajalein Atoll. After 29 seconds of flight, the main engine failed, leading to loss of the vehicle soon thereafter. High-resolution photography of the launch shows the engine on fire during ascent. An investigation of the cause of the propulsion failure conducted by SpaceX and DARPA determined that corrosion on an aluminum nut led to failure resulting in a fuel leak. Corrective actions being taken include replacing similar nuts with welds where possible and with stainless steel where welding is not possible.^[2] It should be noted that early failures for a space launch vehicle have been typical; the first two launches of Ariane 5 did not succeed, for instance. March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ... Fiji Gilbert Islands, Kiribati Marshall Islands New Zealand (except Chatham Islands) Korsae, Micronesia Nauru Parts of Russia: Kamchatka Oblast Koryakia Autonomous District Chukotka Autonomous District Tuvalu Wake Island Wallis and Futuna External links Find cities currently in UTC+12 Category: ... Omelek Island is part of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. ... Infantry inspect a hole in the devasted Kwajalein Atoll Kwajalein Atoll is part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), 2,100 nautical miles (3900 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, at 8. ... Ariane 5 mock-up Ariane 5 is a European expendable launch system designed to deliver satellites into geostationary transfer orbit and to send payloads to Low Earth orbit. ...

The company provided a live webcast of the flight from various launchpad cameras, with mission-control voiceover. The webcast showed water-dump, ignition, and pad liftoff. The view switched to an onboard camera, with the atoll clearly receding in the background. About 40 seconds into the flight, the webcast ceased. The word webcast is derived from web and broadcast. Its use has varied since the early-mid 1990s as the nature of the medium came into public use. ...

The 19.5-kilogram (43-pound) United States DARPA payload FalconSAT-2 was built by United States Air Force Academy cadets to investigate the phenomenon known as "space weather", or plasma in the upper atmosphere. The planned orbit was 450 kilometers (280 miles). The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... The pound is the name of a number of units of mass, all in the range of 300 to 600 grams. ... The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military. ... FalconSAT-1 FalconSAT is the name of the United States Air Force Academys small satellite engineering program. ... The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, (, ), is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers in the United States Air Force. ... For other uses, see Plasma. ... Earths atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earths gravity. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Norwegian/Swedish mil. ...

Upcoming launches

The second Falcon 1 launch will loft an instrumented demonstration payload to return data on the booster's performance; this launch is currently scheduled for after January or February 2007. ^[3][4] The third launch will carry a Naval Research Laboratory Optical Sciences Division Tacsat payload from Vandenberg Air Force Base's Pad 3W. This launch was originally scheduled for early 2006, and scheduled to carry a secondary payload, arranged through Texas-based Space Services, Inc.: memorial capsules containing the cremated remains of 187 persons, including Project Mercury astronaut Gordon Cooper and Star Trek actor James Doohan.-1... Vandenberg Air Force Base is a base with a spaceport, located in Santa Barbara County, California. ... Official language(s) None See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Project Mercury was the United States first successful manned spaceflight program. ... Leroy Gordon Gordo Cooper, Jr. ... The current Star Trek franchise logo Star Trek is an epic American science fiction franchise. ... Doohan in an episode of The Twilight Zone (1963) James Montgomery Doohan (March 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) was an Irish Canadian character and voice actor best known for his portrayal of Scotty in the television and film series Star Trek. ...

The maiden launch of the Falcon 9 is scheduled for late 2007, with a U.S. government payload, followed by a launch, in the first quarter of 2008, with a payload of a Bigelow Aerospace Genesis Pathfinder expandable space-station module.^[5] Bigelow Aerospace is a Las Vegas, Nevada space technology startup company that is pioneering work on expandable space station modules. ... Genesis-1, is the first experimental space habitat designed and built by the private American firm Bigelow Aerospace as the first of six to ten test spacecraft. ...

On May 2, 2005, SpaceX announced that it had been awarded an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract for Responsive Small Spacelift (RSS) launch services by the United States Air Force, which could allow the Air Force to purchase up to $100,000,000 worth of launches from the company. ^[6] May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aircraft of the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing and coalition counterparts stationed together at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, in southwest Asia, fly over the desert. ...

Elon Musk indicated at the International Space Development Conference that SpaceX has sold 11 contracts for flights on the various Falcon vehicles. ^[7] The International Space Development Conference (ISDC) is the annual conference of the National Space Society. ...

Future development

Manned orbital spaceflight: SpaceX Dragon

Main article: SpaceX Dragon

SpaceX has announced that it plans to pursue a manned commercial space program through the end of the decade. ^[1] On Friday 18 August 2006, NASA announced that the company was one of two selected to provide crew and cargo resupply demonstration contracts to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The SpaceX Dragon is a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule spacecraft, capable of carrying 7 people or a mixture of personnel and cargo, to and from low Earth orbit. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States Government, responsible for that nations public space program. ... ISS redirects here. ... t/Space CXV approaches ISS (t/Space) Commercial Orbital Transportation Services is a NASA program to coordinate the commercial delivery of crew and cargo to the International Space Station. ...

More details of the manned program were released on March 6, 2006.^[8] The SpaceX Dragon is a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, capable of carrying 7 persons or a mixture of personnel and cargo, to and from low Earth orbit. It will be launched atop a Falcon 9 vehicle. The nosecone of the vehicle has a hinged cap, which opens to reveal a standard ISS Common Berthing Mechanism, which allows the Dragon to dock to the U.S. segment of the ISS. March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Common Berthing Mechanism (or CBM) is used to connect all non-Russian pressurized modules of the International Space Station. ...

Heavy lift launchers

On September 8, 2005, SpaceX announced the development of the Falcon 9, an upgrade to the Falcon 5, which would have nine Merlin engines in its first stage.^[9][10] The design is an EELV-class vehicle, intended to compete with the Delta IV and the Atlas V rockets. As in the Falcon 5, all stages will be designed to be reusable. The configuration of Falcon 5 has been changed, so that it is now a downscaled Falcon 9 with five Merlin engines in its first stage and not completely fueled tanks. According to the SpaceX updates webpage, the company has been working on the test stand for the Falcon 9, called the BFTS (Big F---ing Test Stand). It is playfully named after the Big F---ing Gun in the Doom game. This test stand will need to provide for the 350-metric-tons-force (3.4-meganewtons) of thrust that the 9 Merlin 1Bs are capable of delivering. The test stand has been built to withstand 1500 metric-tons-force (15 meganewtons) of thrust. September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Falcon 9 is an EELV class launch vehicle to be built by SpaceX. Three variants are proposed and, if built, will provide payloads of between 8,700 kg and 24,750 kg to low Earth orbit, and between 3,100 kg and 9,650 kg to Geostationary transfer orbit. ... SpaceX Merlin engine. ... The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program was a United States government, primarily a Department of Defense–sponsored effort to develop at least one family of space launch vehicles, that would meet the long term needs of the military. ... It has been suggested that some sections of this article be split into a new article entitled Delta IV launches. ... Launch of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, 7:43:00 a. ... The deprecated unit kilogram-force (kgf) or kilopond (kp) is the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity (defined as exactly 9. ... The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. ... The deprecated unit kilogram-force (kgf) or kilopond (kp) is the force exerted by one kilogram of mass in standard Earth gravity (defined as exactly 9. ...

Additionally, SpaceX has announced plans for the development of the Merlin 2 engine, a scale version of a larger F-1-class engine to be developed in the future. The company is rumored to be working on a very large rocket to accompany the F-1-class engine, known as the BFR (Big F---ing Rocket).^[11] In the past, Musk has said "Long‐term plans call for development of a heavy‐lift product and even a super-heavy, if there is customer demand. We expect that each size increase would result in a meaningful decrease in cost per pound to orbit. For example, dollar cost per pound to orbit dropped from $4,000 to $1,300 ($8,800/kg to $2,900/kg) between Falcon 1 and Falcon 5. Ultimately, I believe $500 per pound ($1,100/kg) or less is very achievable." On other occasions, Musk has stated that he expects to be able to offer a price of $1,000 per kilogram by 2010. F-1 Rocket Engine Specifications. ...

Satellite systems

In January 2005, SpaceX bought a 10% stake in Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, or SSTL, is a spin-off company of the University of Surrey that builds and operates small satellites. ...

NASA launch partnership

On August 18, 2006, NASA announced that SpaceX has been chosen, along with Rocketplane Kistler, to develop crew and cargo launch services, aka Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS), for the International Space Station. The plan using SpaceX's Dragon capsule calls for demonstration flights between 2008 and 2010. SpaceX may receive up to $278 million if they meet all NASA milestones.^[12][13][14] August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Falcon rockets

• SpaceX official website
  • Maiden flight slide presentation (pdf)
• Full Summons and Complaint by SpaceX against Boeing Company and Lockheed Martin Corporation (October 23, 2005)
• Notes from SpaceX pre-launch conference (Michael Belfiore, November 18, 2005)
• Kwajalein Atoll and Rockets (Candid and highly unofficial blog by Elon Musk's brother Kimbal, with on-site pictures and reporting.)
• Latest Space Fellowship SpaceX News (Space Fellowship)

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... PDF redirects here. ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Space Fellowship is a web based network to push the development of the aerospace industry by providing the latest aerospace news, events and a section to share information about the latest developments to aerospace specialists working in this industry, students and the industries supporters. ...

Articles

• A tour/interview of SpaceX (The Space Review, February 27 - March 13): Parts 2, 3, 4
• The SpaceX Dragon: America's First Privately Financed Manned Orbital Spacecraft? (SpaceRef, March 6, 2006)
• A bold plan to go where men have gone before (New York Times, February 5, 2006)
• Interview with Elon Musk and VP of Development Operations (NasaSpaceFlight.com, January 20, 2006)
• Big plans for SpaceX (The Space Review, November 14, 2005)
• Shooting the Moon (Discover Magazine cover article, September 2005)
• Space X, with video interviews (ScienCentral News, August 12, 2005)
• SpaceX Private Rocket Shifts to Island Launch (Space.com, August 12, 2005)
• Privately-made Falcon 1 rocket roars on the pad (Spaceflight Now, May 27, 2005)
• Private rocketeer looks to August flight (Space.com, May 23, 2005)
• Small firm fired up to test new rocket (Santa Maria Times, April 27, 2005)
• Hondas in Space (Fast Company, February 2005)
• SpaceX starting small as it dreams of grand plans (Spaceflight Now, January 20, 2005)
• Broadcast interviews with Elon Musk about SpaceX (The Space Show)

February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References