 Very high speed photography of a small projectile impacting a thin aluminium plate at 7000 m/s. The impact disintegrates the projectile and generates a large number of small fragments. Spall are flakes of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. Image File history File links Aluminium_plate_spalling. ...
Description
Spalling describes surface failure in which chips are shed from a contact point, for example, in a ball bearing. This is due to the maximal shear stress being not at the surface but just below it leading an overloaded bearing to loose flakes rather than brinelling. Another common form of spalling occurs due to moisture freezing inside cracks in rock, cracking off the outer surfaces. Spalling can occur on a concrete surface if exposed to salt or if improperly finished. Nickel-chrome plated steel balls A ball bearing is a common type of rolling-element bearing, a kind of bearing. ...
The Brinell scale characterises the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. ...
Pouring a concrete floor for a commercial building, (slab-on-grade) Installing rebar in a floor slab during a concrete pour For other uses, see Concrete (disambiguation). ...
Corrosion In corrosion, spalling occurs when a substance (metal or concrete) sheds tiny particles of corrosion products as the reaction progresses. These corrosion products are not soluble or permeable, but, as opposed to passivation, they fail to adhere to the material's surface or form a barrier to further corrosion. This happens as the result of a large volume change during the reaction. In the case of actinide metals (most notably the depleted uranium used in some types of ammunition), the material expands so violently upon exposure to air that a fine powder of oxide is forcibly expelled from the surface. This property, along with these elements' inherent toxicity and (often to a lesser extent) radioactivity, make them very dangerous to handle in metallic form. Rust, the most familiar example of corrosion. ...
Passivation is the process of making a material passive in relation to another material prior to using the materials together. ...
The actinide series encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table with atomic numbers 89 - 103. ...
Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium that has a reduced proportion of the isotope Uranium-235. ...
Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...
The term heavy metal may have various more general or more specific meanings. ...
Radioactivity may mean: Look up radioactivity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Antitank warfare In antitank warfare, spalling is an intended effect of the high explosive squash head (HESH) anti-tank shells and of many other munitions which may not be powerful enough to pierce the armor of a target. The relatively soft warhead flattens against the armor plating on tanks and other armored fighting vehicles and explodes, creating a shock wave that travels through the armor and breaks the softer metal on the inside. The resulting spall is dangerous to crew and equipment, and may result in a partial or complete kill of a vehicle. Many AFVs are equipped with spall liners inside their armour for protection. Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ...
High explosive squash head (HESH) is a type of explosive ammunition designed to defeat tank armour. ...
A shell is a projectile, which, as opposed to a bullet, is not solid but contains an explosive or other filling, though modern usage includes large projectiles without a filling which are properly termed shot. ...
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. ...
Introduction The shock wave is one of several different ways in which a gas in a supersonic flow can be compressed. ...
Military vehicles are commonly armoured to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets or shells, protecting the soldiers inside from enemy fire. ...
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