Spall are flakes of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. One common form of spalling occurs due to moisture freezing inside cracks in rock, cracking off the outer surfaces. Spalling can occur on a concrete surface if exposed to salt or if improperly finished.
Spalling is also used to describe the flakes of metal chipped off the inside of armor plating on tanks and other armored fighting vehicles due to attacks on the outside creating a shock wave that travels through the armor and breaks the softer metal on the inside. Spalling is an intended effect of the high explosive squash head anti-tank round and of many other munitions which may not be powerful enough to pierce the armor of a target. This spall is dangerous to crew and equipment, and may result in a partial or complete kill of a vehicle. Many AFVs are equipped with spall liners for protection.
In corrosion, spalling occurs when a metal sheds tiny particles of corrosion products as the reaction progresses. These corrosion products are not soluble or permeable, but, as opposed to passivation, they fail to adhere to the metal surface or form a barrier to further corrosion. This happens as the result of a large volume change during the reaction. In the case of actinide metals (most notably the depleted Uranium used in some types of ammunition), the material expands so violently upon exposure to air that a fine powder of oxide is forcibly expelled from the surface. This property, along with these elements' inherent toxicity and (often to a lesser extent) radioactivity, make them very dangerous to handle in metallic form.
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. ... In fluid dynamics, a shock wave is a nonlinear pressure wave. ... High explosive squash head, also known as HESH or HEP (in US usage, for high-explosive, plastic), rounds are a type of anti-tank explosive. ... Corrosion - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Passivation is the process of making a material passive in relation to another material prior to using the materials together. ... The actinide series encompasses the 14 chemical elements that lie between actinium and nobelium on the periodic table with atomic numbers 89 - 102 inclusive. ... Depleted uranium (DU) is uranium which contains a reduced proportion of the fissile isotope U-235 and (usually) the highly radioactive but rare isotope U-234, compared to natural uranium. ... Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ... For other meanings, see heavy metal The term heavy metal may have various more general or more specific meanings. ... Radioactive decay is the set of various processes by which unstable atomic nuclei (nuclides) emit subatomic particles. ...
A lightweight armor having a durable spall cover for suppressing debris that would otherwise be ejected from the armor as a result of the impact of a projectile or missile on the lightweight armor.
The present invention relates to lightweight armor having a durable spall cover for suppressing debris that would otherwise be ejected from the armor as a result of the impact of a projectile or missile on the lightweight armor.
The present invention uses a spall cover to protect the impact face of light weight armor products from being damaged during normal use, and to protect damage to people or equipment if the armor is hit with a high-impact projectile or missile, such that debris is ejected from the front surface of the armor.
Spall is the name given to material ejected as a result of delamination or separation of the inner surface of an armoured structure as a result of warhead impacts outside the structure.
Spall is ejected in a three dimensional cone shaped pattern and hence the likelihood of producing crew and vehicle damage is increased with a corresponding increase in cone angle.
While a contact spallliner has inferior performance to that of a curtain system it has other operational benefits which must not be overlooked with regard to the efficiency of the crew and therefore success of the mission.
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