FACTOID # 139: Canada is immigrant-friendly. It confers the most new citizenships per capita and per $ GDP, and the second-most new citizenships overall.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

FACTS & STATISTICS    Simple view

  1. Select countries to view: (hold down Control key and click to select several)

     

     

    Compare:

     

     
  1. Select fact or statistic: (* = graphable)

     

     

     

  2. (OPTIONAL) Compare to statistic: (both need to be graphable)

     

     

     

  3. View result as:

     

       
(OR) SEARCH ALL encyclopedia, stats & forums:   

Encyclopedia > Spanish Missions of California
This article is part of the
Spanish Missions of California
series.
Architecture of the California Missions
Mission Revival Style Architecture
California Mission Clash of Cultures

The Spanish Missions of California (more simply referred to as the "California Missions") comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans, to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. The missions introduced European livestock, fruits, vegetables, and industry into the California region. In addition to the presidio (fort) and pueblo (town), the misión was one of the three major agencies employed by the Spanish crown to extend its borders and consolidate its colonial territories. The California Missions are a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Franciscans from 1769 to 1823 for the purpose of spreading the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans. ... Religion, sometimes used interchangeably with faith, is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine, and the practices and institutions associated with such belief. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Franciscans is the common name used to designate a variety of mendicant religious orders of men or women tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St. ... This article is about the religious people known as Christians. ... -1... This article is about the continent. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... State nickname: The Golden State Other U.S. States Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger Official languages English Area 410,000 km² (3rd)  - Land 404,298 km²  - Water 20,047 km² (4. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ...


Since 1493 Spain had maintained a number of missions throughout New Spain (México) and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States to facilitate colonization of these lands (in this context, the term "California" is usually used to refer to the territory that comprises Alta California (the current U.S. State of California) and the Mexican States of Baja California Norte and Baja California Sur). It was not until the threat of invasion by Czarist Russia in 1765, however, that the King felt such installations were necessary in Upper California. Events January 4 - Christopher Columbus leaves the New World, ending his first journey. ... Mexico or, in Spanish, México, is: Mexico, a federal republic in southern North America Mexico City, that countrys capital city Mexican Federal District, the federal district containing that capital city Estado de México, one of that republics 31 constituent states Mexico is also the name of some places... The Southwest region of the United States is drier than the adjoining Midwest in weather; the population is less dense and, with strong Spanish-American and Native American components, more ethnically varied than neighboring areas. ... Alta California (Upper California) was formed in 1804 when the province of California, then a part of the Spanish colony of Dominican missions in the south. ... Other Mexican States Capital Mexicali Other major cities Tijuana Ensenada list of municipalities Area 69,921 km² Ranked 12th Population (2000 census) 2,487,700 Ranked 15th Governor (2001-07) Eugenio Elorduy Walther (PAN/PVEM) Federal Deputies (6) PAN = 6 Federal Senators PAN = 2 PRI = 1 ISO 3166-2 Postal... This article is currently in the process of being translated from its Spanish counterpart, es:Baja California Sur. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Contents
1 The Missions

1.1 Site selection and layout
1.2 Missions in present day Alta California (U.S.)

1.2.1 In geographical order, north to south
1.2.2 In chronological order

1.3 Missions in present day Baja California (México)

1.3.1 In geographical order, north to south

2 References
3 See also
4 External links

The Missions

Site selection and layout

Each frontier station was forced to be self-supporting, as existing means of supply were inadequate to maintain a colony of any size. California was literally months away from the nearest base in Mexico, and the cargo ships of the day were too small to carry more than a few months’ rations in their holds. In order to sustain a mission, the padres required the help of colonists or converted Indians, called neophytes, to cultivate crops and tend livestock in the volume needed to support a fair-sized establishment. The scarcity of imported materials, together with a lack of skilled laborers, compelled the Fathers to employ simple building materials and methods in the construction of mission structures. In the United States and Canada the frontier was the term applied until the end of the 19th century to the zone of unsettled land outside the region of existing settlements of European immigrants and their descendants. ... A ship is a large, usually decked watercraft. ... Rationing is the controlled distribution of resources and scarce goods or services: it restricts how much people are allowed to buy or consume. ... This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...

Enlarge
Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, circa 1910. This mission is architecturally distinctive because of the strong Moorish lines exhibited.

Although the missions were considered temporary ventures by the Spanish hierarchy, the development of an individual settlement was not simply a matter of “priestly whim.” The founding of a mission followed longstanding rules and procedures; the paperwork involved required months, sometimes years of correspondence, and demanded the attention of virtually every level of the bureaucracy. Once empowered to erect a mission in a given area, the men assigned to it chose a specific site that featured a good water supply, plenty of wood for fires and building material, and ample fields for grazing herds and raising crops. The padres blessed the site, and with the aid of their military escort fashioned temporary shelters out of tree limbs or driven stakes, roofed with thatch or reeds. It was these simple huts that would ultimately give way to the stone and adobe buildings which exist to this day. Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, circa 1910. ... Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, circa 1910. ... Mission San Luis Rey de Francia was founded on June 13, 1798 by Father Fermin Lasuen. ... 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For the terrain type see Moor Moors is used in this article to describe the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb, whose culture is often called Moorish. For other meanings look at Moors (Meaning) or Blackamoors. ... A hierarchy (in Greek hieros, sacred, and arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things. ... Categories: Animal stubs | Animal behaviour | Social psychology ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Thatching is the art or craft of covering a roof with vegetative materials such as straw, reed or sedge. ... species Pragmites australis Reed is a generic term used to describe numerous plants including: Common Reed (Phragmites australis Cav. ...


The first priority when beginning a settlement was the location and construction of the church (iglesia). The majority of mission sanctuaries were oriented on a roughly east-west axis to take the best advantage of the sun's position for interior illumination; the exact alignment depended on the geographic features of the particular site. Once the spot for the church was selected, its position would be marked and the remainder of the mission complex would be laid out. The workshops, kitchens, living quarters, storerooms, and other ancillary chambers were usually grouped in the form of a quadrangle, inside which religious celebrations and other festive events often took place. The cuadrángulo was rarely a perfect square because the Fathers had no surveying instruments at their disposal and simply measured off all dimensions by foot. A church building is a building used in Christian worship. ... For the act of supplying light to an area, see lighting. ... A workshop is a room or smaller building which contains tools and/or machinery for making or repairing things. ... A kitchen is a room used for food preparation. ... In architecture a quadrangle, or more colloquially, quad, is a space on a college or university campus usually but not always enclosed on four sides by buildings. ... Surveying is concerned with the application of mathematics and physics in obtaining accurate measurements for the determination of the position of points on the Earths surface. ...


For additional details see the main article Architecture of the California Missions.

Enlarge
A view of the restored Mission San Juan Bautista and its three-bell campanario ("bell wall") in 2004.

Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 823 KB)Mission San Juan Bautista. ... Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 823 KB)Mission San Juan Bautista. ... Mission San Juan Bautista was founded on June 24, 1797 by Father Fermin de Lasuen, the fifteenth mission in the California mission chain. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Missions in present day Alta California (U.S.)

The 21 northern missions were established along California's El Camino Real (Spanish for The King's Highway, christened in honor of King Charles III), much of which is now U.S. Highway 101. The mission planning was begun under the leadership of Fray Junípero Serra, O.F.M. in 1769 (who in 1767, along with his fellow priests, had taken control over a group of missions in Baja California previously administered by the Jesuits). Work was concluded in 1823, although Serra had died in 1784. Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén took up Serra's work and established nine more mission sites from 1786 through 1798; others established the last 3 compounds, along with at least 5 asistencia, or "sub-missions". El Camino Real in California is historically the road built in 1769 by Father Junípero Serra to connect the Catholic missions in Alta California between Sonoma in the north, and (what is now Presidio Park in) San Diego in the south, during the Spanish colonial era, and now a... The name Charles III is used to refer to numerous persons in history: Kings: Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor Charles III of France Charles III of Spain Charles III of Hungary (also known as Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor) Charles III of Navarre Charles III of Savoy Charles III of... U.S. Highway 101, or U.S. Route 101 (U.S. 101), is a north-south highway that is aligned along the Pacific West Coast of the United States. ... Blessed Junípero Serra (November 24, 1713 - August 28, 1784) was a Spanish Franciscan who founded the California mission chain. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Roman Catholic priest A priest or priestess is a holy man or woman who takes an officiating role in worship of any religion, with the distinguishing characteristic of offering sacrifices. ... Other Mexican States Capital Mexicali Other major cities Tijuana Ensenada list of municipalities Area 69,921 km² Ranked 12th Population (2000 census) 2,487,700 Ranked 15th Governor (2001-07) Eugenio Elorduy Walther (PAN/PVEM) Federal Deputies (6) PAN = 6 Federal Senators PAN = 2 PRI = 1 ISO 3166-2 Postal... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Father Fermín Francisco Lasuén (June 7, 1736 - June 26, 1803) was a Spanish missionary to America. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...


The missions are collectively the best-known historic element of the coastal regions of California (many of the mission sites have been designated as National Historic Landmarks, and all are listed in the California Historic Register). This popularity, stemming largely from Helen Hunt Jackson's 1884 novel Ramona, has been both a blessing and a curse. It has earned the missions a prominent place in California's historic consciousness, and sent a steady stream of visitors to these sites. In many cases, it led to the reconstruction of these missions, with at best an honest but (too often) poorly-informed attempt to adhere to historic reality. Many reconstructed missions are adorned with lush gardens, even though research indicates that these did not exist. Furthermore, the reconstructions severely damaged the archaeological record. Lacking substantive knowledge of the native people who built and inhabited these missions, the "reconstructors" generally left them out of the stories. History is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in geologic history of the Earth. When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of human societies. ... The USS Arizona Memorial. ... Helen Hunt Jackson (October 18, 1831-August 12, 1885) was an American writer. ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... This article is about the novel titled Ramona. ... In the history of the United States, Reconstruction was the period after the American Civil War when the southern states of the defeated Confederacy, which had seceded from the United States, were reintegrated into the Union. ... Part of a garden in Bristol, England A flower bed in the gardens of Bristol Zoo, England. ... Archaeology or archæology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of cultural and environmental data, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Record is also a music album by Montreal-based band Sofa. ...


The missions were situated approximately 30 miles (48 km) apart, so that they were separated by one day's long ride on horseback along the 600-mile (966 km) long El Camino Real, the California Mission Trail. El Camino Real (Spanish for the Royal or Kings Highway) was the name of a series of pre-automobile highways linking the various New World colonies of Spain: There is an El Camino Real in California; see: El Camino Real (California); that road provoked a Jargon File bilingual homographic...


In geographical order, north to south

Mission San Francisco Solano was founded on July 4, 1823 by Father Jose Altimira, the twenty-first and last of the California mission chain. ... Sonoma is a town located in Sonoma County, California, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9,128. ... The reconstructed capilla (chapel) at Mission San Rafael Arcángel on a rainy day in December, 2004. ... San Rafael is the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. ... A view of Mission Dolores on a rain-soaked San Francisco day in December 2004. ... This article is about the city in California. ... Mission San José de Guadalupe in March 2004. ... Fremont, California from NASAs Landsat Fremont is a city in California which was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities: Mission San Jose, Irvington, Niles, Centerville, and Warm Springs. ... Mission Santa Clara de Asís circa 1910. ... Santa Clara, founded in 1852, is a city located in Santa Clara County, in the U.S. state of California. ... Mission Santa Cruz was founded on September 25, 1791 by Father Fermin Lasuen, the twelfth mission in the California mission chain. ... Downtown Santa Cruz Santa Cruz is the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, United States. ... Mission San Juan Bautista was founded on June 24, 1797 by Father Fermin de Lasuen, the fifteenth mission in the California mission chain. ... San Juan Bautista is a city located in San Benito County, California. ... The basilica of the Mission from the central courtyard Mission Basilica San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was founded on June 3, 1770, the second mission of the 21 California missions. ... Carmel-by-the-Sea is a city located in Monterey County, California. ... Looking toward the rebuilt chapel at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in December 2004. ... Soledad is a city located in Monterey County, California. ... Mission San Antonio de Padua was founded on July 14, 1771, the third mission founded in California by Father Junipero Serra. ... An original exterior wall buttress at Mission San Miguel Arcángel, which suffered extensive earthquake damage on December 22, 2003. ... Paso Robles (El Paso de Robles) is a city located in San Luis Obispo County, California. ... The Santa Margarita Asistencia (or Santa Margarita de Cortona) was established in 1787 as a sub-mission to the San Luis Obíspo Mission to minister to the large number of Chumash Indians that inhabited the area. ... Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa was founded on September 1, 1772. ... The city of San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo (also SLO) is the county seat of San Luis Obispo County, California, USA. Luis is pronounced locally as the more anglophone Lewis. ... Mission Santa Inés and its four-bell campanile (bell tower), circa 1900. ... Solvang is a city located in Santa Barbara County, California. ... The ruins of Mission La Purísima Concepción, circa 1900. ... Lompoc (pronounced Lom poke) is a city located in Santa Barbara County, California. ... The capilla (chapel) at Mission Santa Bárbara in March, 2005. ... Santa Barbara is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. ... Mission San Buenaventura was founded on Easter Sunday, March 31, 1782 by Father Junipero Serra, the ninth mission in the California mission chain. ... San Buenaventura (Ventura) is the county seat of Ventura County, California. ... A view looking down an exterior corridor at Mission San Fernando Rey de España, a common architectural feature of the Spanish Missions. ... San Fernando is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. ... The San Bernardino Asistencia (or San Bernardino Estancia) was established in 1819, as a sub-mission to the San Gabriel Mission. ... Redlands is a city located in San Bernardino County, California, United States. ... The main façade of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and its six-bell camapanario (bell wall), circa 1897. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Pond inside Mission San Juan Capistrano Mission Basilica San Juan Capistrano was founded on November 1, 1776 by Father Junipero Serra, the seventh mission in the California mission chain. ... San Juan Capistrano is a city located in southern Orange County, California, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 33,826. ... The Las Flores Asistencia (or Las Flores Estancia) was established in 1823, and was situated approximately halfway between Mission San Luís Rey de Francia and Mission San Juan Capistrano on what today is the Marine Corps Base at Camp Pendleton. ... Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is near Oceanside, California. ... The Santa Ysabel Asistencia was founded on September 20, 1818 at Canada de Santa Ysabel in the mountains east of San Diego (near the village of Elcuanam), the present-day City of Santa Ysabel. ... Mission San Antonio de Pala (or Pala Asistencia) was founded on June 13, 1816 in what is today the Pala Indian Reservation located in eastern San Diego County. ... San Diego County is a county located on the Pacific Ocean in the far southwest of California, along the border with Mexico. ... Mission San Luis Rey de Francia was founded on June 13, 1798 by Father Fermin Lasuen. ... Oceanside is a city in San Diego County, California, north of the city of San Diego. ... Mission San Diego de Alcalá as it stood circa 1900. ... City nickname Americas Finest City City flower Bird of Paradise City urban tree Jacaranda City native tree Torrey Pine Mayor Dick Murphy* City Attorney Michael Aguirre City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Scott Peters Michael Zucchet Toni...

In chronological order

Enlarge
The stone capilla (chapel) at Mexico's Misión Santa Rosalía de Mulegé in 2005.

Mission San Diego de Alcalá as it stood circa 1900. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The basilica of the Mission from the central courtyard Mission Basilica San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was founded on June 3, 1770, the second mission of the 21 California missions. ... 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The main façade of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and its six-bell camapanario (bell wall), circa 1897. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Antonio de Padua was founded on July 14, 1771, the third mission founded in California by Father Junipero Serra. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa was founded on September 1, 1772. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Pond inside Mission San Juan Capistrano Mission Basilica San Juan Capistrano was founded on November 1, 1776 by Father Junipero Serra, the seventh mission in the California mission chain. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... A view of Mission Dolores on a rain-soaked San Francisco day in December 2004. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Mission Santa Clara de Asís circa 1910. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Buenaventura was founded on Easter Sunday, March 31, 1782 by Father Junipero Serra, the ninth mission in the California mission chain. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The capilla (chapel) at Mission Santa Bárbara in March, 2005. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The ruins of Mission La Purísima Concepción, circa 1900. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Santa Margarita Asistencia (or Santa Margarita de Cortona) was established in 1787 as a sub-mission to the San Luis Obíspo Mission to minister to the large number of Chumash Indians that inhabited the area. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Looking toward the rebuilt chapel at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in December 2004. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Mission Santa Cruz was founded on September 25, 1791 by Father Fermin Lasuen, the twelfth mission in the California mission chain. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A view looking down an exterior corridor at Mission San Fernando Rey de España, a common architectural feature of the Spanish Missions. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... An original exterior wall buttress at Mission San Miguel Arcángel, which suffered extensive earthquake damage on December 22, 2003. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Juan Bautista was founded on June 24, 1797 by Father Fermin de Lasuen, the fifteenth mission in the California mission chain. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San José de Guadalupe in March 2004. ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Luis Rey de Francia was founded on June 13, 1798 by Father Fermin Lasuen. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Mission Santa Inés and its four-bell campanile (bell tower), circa 1900. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Antonio de Pala (or Pala Asistencia) was founded on June 13, 1816 in what is today the Pala Indian Reservation located in eastern San Diego County. ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The reconstructed capilla (chapel) at Mission San Rafael Arcángel on a rainy day in December, 2004. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A view of Mission Dolores on a rain-soaked San Francisco day in December 2004. ... The Santa Ysabel Asistencia was founded on September 20, 1818 at Canada de Santa Ysabel in the mountains east of San Diego (near the village of Elcuanam), the present-day City of Santa Ysabel. ... 1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The San Bernardino Asistencia (or San Bernardino Estancia) was established in 1819, as a sub-mission to the San Gabriel Mission. ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Mission San Francisco Solano was founded on July 4, 1823 by Father Jose Altimira, the twenty-first and last of the California mission chain. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The reconstructed capilla (chapel) at Mission San Rafael Arcángel on a rainy day in December, 2004. ... The Las Flores Asistencia (or Las Flores Estancia) was established in 1823, and was situated approximately halfway between Mission San Luís Rey de Francia and Mission San Juan Capistrano on what today is the Marine Corps Base at Camp Pendleton. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Missions in present day Baja California (México)

In geographical order, north to south

  • El Descanso, near Ensenada
  • Misión San Miguel
  • Misión Santo Tomás
  • Misión Santa Catarina Mártir
  • Misión San Vincente Ferrar
  • Misión Santa Domingo, near Colonia Vincente Guerrero
  • Misión San Pedro Mártir
  • Misión Nuestra Señora del Rosario (El Rosario), near the town of El Rosario
  • San Fernando
  • Misión Santa Maria de los Angeles, near Cataviña
  • Calamajue
  • Misión San Francisco de Borja (San Borja)
  • Misión Santa Gertrudis (currently at Santa Gertrudis, should be moved)
  • Misión San Ignacio
  • Misión Guadalupe, near Guadalupe
  • Misión Santa Rosalía de Mulegé, in Mulegé
  • Misión Purisima Concepción de Cadegomó (La Purisma)
  • Londo
  • Misión San José de Comondu
  • Mission Nuestra Señora de Loreto, in Loreto
  • Misión San Javier, (Misión San Francisco Xavier) in San Javier
  • Ligüi
  • Misión San Luis Gonzaga
  • Dolores
  • Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur, near La Paz
  • Misión Santa Rosa (Misión Todos Santos)
  • Ensenada De Palmas
  • Misión Santiago de las Coras (Santigao)
  • Misión San José de Ligni / Misión San José de Cabo
  • Misión Señora de Guadalupe de Guasinapi (1720-1795)

Categories: Stub ... Misión Santa Domingo is one of the Spanish Missions of California located north of Colonia Vicente Guerrero (N30°46. ... San Fernando can be any of the following: San Fernando City, La Union, Philippines San Fernando City, Pampanga, Philippines San Fernando Valley, California, United States San Fernando, California, United States San Fernando, Spain San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages... Loreto is the Italian word for laurel-wood. ... SAN JAVIER (Pop. ... Dolores is a first name. ... Central La Paz Panoramic sight of the city of La Paz La Paz is the administrative capital of Bolivia, as well as the departmental capital of La Paz Department. ...

References

  • Baer, K. (1958). Architecture of the California Missions. University of California Press, Los Angeles, CA. .
  • Carillo, Fr. J. M. (1967). The Story of Mission San Antonio de Padua. Paisano Press, Inc., Balboa Island, CA. .
  • Camphouse, M. (1974). Guidebook to the Missions of California. Anderson, Ritchie & Simon, Los Angeles, CA. ISBN 0378037927.
  • Crump, S. (1975). California's Spanish Missions: Their Yesterdays and Todays. Trans-Anglo Books, Del Mar, CA. ISBN 0870460285.
  • Drager, K., and Fracchia, C. (1997). The Golden Dream: California from Gold Rush to Statehood. Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company, Portland, OR. ISBN 1558683127.
  • Geiger, M., O.F.M. (1969). Franciscan Missionaries in Hispanic California, 1769-1848: A Biographical Dictionary. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA. .
  • Johnson, P., ed. (1964). The California Missions. Lane Book Company, Menlo Park, CA. .
  • Rawls, J. and Bean, W. (1997). California: An Interpretive History. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. ISBN 0070524114.
  • Robinson, W. (1953). Panorama: A Picture History of Southern California. Anderson, Ritchie & Simon, Los Angeles, CA. .
  • Wright, R. (1950). California's Missions. Hubert A. and Martha H. Lowman, Arroyo Grande, CA. .
  • Young, S., and Levick, M. (1988). The Missions of California. Chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco, CA. ISBN 0811819388.

See also

The Alamo The Alamo (San Antonio de Valero Mission) is the name of former mission and fortress compound, now a museum, in San Antonio, Texas. ... Fourth grade students enrolled in California public schools are taught about the role the California missions founded in the late 1700s and early 1800s played. ... Timeline of the spread of the Christian Gospel c. ... A missionary is a propagator of religion, often an evangelist or other representative of a religious community who works among those outside of that community. ... The Mission Revival Style was an architectural movement that began in the late 19th century and drew inspiration from the early Spanish California missions. ... Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:
California missions

  Results from FactBites:
 
Spanish missions in California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2890 words)
In this context, the term "California" is used to refer to the territory that comprises Alta California (chiefly the current U.S. state of California) and the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.
California was literally months away from the nearest base in colonized Mexico, and the cargo ships of the day were too small to carry more than a few months’ rations in their holds.
Although the missions were considered temporary ventures by the Spanish hierarchy, the development of an individual settlement was not simply a matter of "priestly whim." The founding of a mission followed longstanding rules and procedures; the paperwork involved required months, sometimes years of correspondence, and demanded the attention of virtually every level of the bureaucracy.
The Spanish Missions of California: History, architecture and art (637 words)
Historically, the missions were the most effective in contributing to the peaceful colonization of California.
One is the fountain at the center of the courtyard, which indicated the relative wealth of the mission.
The missions were secularized and the Spanish priests were expected to leave.
  More results at FactBites »


 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:
 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.