Spanish language
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Main article: Spanish verbs

This is a paradigm of Spanish verbs, that is, a set of conjugation tables, for the model regular verbs and for some of the most common irregular verbs (see the article on Spanish irregular verbs for common patterns of irregularity that may help understanding this paradigm). This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Spanish (Español) is a language originating in North-Central Spain which is spoken throughout Spain, most countries in the Americas, the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Spanish language has nouns that express concrete objects, groups and classes of objects, qualities, feelings and other abstractions. ... The Spanish language has a range of pronouns that in some ways work quite differently from English ones. ... The Spanish language uses adjectives in a similar way to English and most other Indo-European languages. ... The Spanish language has a relatively large number of prepositions. ... Spanish verbs are one of the most complex areas of Spanish grammar. ... Spanish verbs are a complex area of Spanish grammar, with many combinations of tenses, aspects and moods (up to fifty conjugated forms per verb). ... Spanish verbs are one of the most complex areas of Spanish grammar. ... It has been suggested that Verbal agreement be merged into this article or section. ... In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar). ... A regular verb is a verb whose conjugation can be predicted given a few verb forms (principal parts) and a few rules. ... It has been suggested that Regular verb be merged into this article or section. ... Spanish verbs are a complex area of Spanish grammar, with many combinations of tenses, aspects and moods (up to fifty conjugated forms per verb). ...

The tables include only the simple tenses. Perfective and continuous forms can be easily put together by using the appropriate tense of estar + gerund or haber + past participle.

The pronouns yo, tú, él, nosotros, vosotros and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. Note also that the subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, instead of él, we can have ella, usted, impersonal se, or a noun phrase. Instead of nosotros, we can have nosotras, tú y yo, él y yo etc., or a noun phrase that includes the speaker. The same comments hold for vosotros and ellos. A pro-drop language (from pronoun-dropping) is a language where pronouns can be deleted when they are in some sense pragmatically inferable (the precise conditions vary from language to language, and can be quite intricate). ...

Following the convention in Latin studies, we cite the 4 principal parts from which these Spanish words derive. In language learning, the principal parts of a verb are the series of key forms which the student has to learn by heart in order to be able to conjugate the verb through all its forms. ...

Regular -ar verbs (amar, to love)

From the Latin: amo, amare, amavi, amatus — "to love".

• (1) The form amastes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) The form amar (instead of amad) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The corresponding pronominal form is amaos formally, plus the not normative amaros or regionally amarse.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

Regular -er verbs (temer, to fear)

From the Latin: timeo, timere, timui, timitus — "to fear".

• (1) The form temistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) The form temer (instead of temed) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The corresponding pronominal form is temeos formally, plus the not normative temeros or regionally temerse.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

Regular -ir verbs (partir, to split/depart)

From the Latin: partio, partire, partivi, partitus — "to split/share".

• (1) The form partistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) The form partir (instead of partid) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The corresponding pronominal form is partíos formally, plus the not normative partiros or regionally partirse.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

ser, to be

From the Latin: sum, esse, fui, futurus — "to be".

• (1) The form fuistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) The form ser (instead of sed) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

estar, to be

From the Latin: sto, stare, steti, status — "to stand".

• (1) The form estuvistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) Estar is usually made pronominal in the imperative, especially in colloquial speech.
• (3) The forms estaros and also estarse for some regions, (instead of estaos) are not normative, but they're the ones generally used in real-life speech. The form estad is only used formally.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

haber, to have (done)

From the Latin: habeo, habere, habui, habitus — "to have" (done something or there is/there are).

• (1) ha in perfective tenses and in haber de; hay in the impersonal expressions hay que and hay meaning "there is/are".
• (2) habemos in the rare expression nos las habemos con meaning "the matter in question is"; dialectally or archaically for hemos, all senses; dialectally for hay in the plural, meaning "there are".
• (3) The form hubistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (4) Dialectally, haiga, etc.
• (5) The imperative of haber is hardly ever used.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

tener, to have (possession)

From the Latin: teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus — "to hold".

Sometimes referred to by Spanish instructors as a "Yo- go" verb.

• (1) The form tuvistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) The form tener (instead of tened) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The corresponding pronominal form is teneos formally, plus the not normative teneros or regionally tenerse.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

ir, to go

From the Latin: eo, ire, ii (or ivi), itus — "to go"
(plus parts of vado and sum).

• (1) The form fuistes is not normative, but it's very widespread in colloquial speech.
• (2) Dialectally, ves. Not used pronominally, always vete.
• (3) The verb ir does not have a proper form for the affirmative imperative with vos, so it borrows that from andar (to walk/to go).
• (4) The form ir (instead of id) is not normative, but it's the one used in real-life speech. The normative second-person plural imperative of the pronominal verb irse is idos (i.e. it does not lose its d as other verbs do), but it's virtually unused, either spoken or written. The form íos is obsolete. The not normative forms used in real-life speech are iros or regionally irse. To avoid using these forms, some writers simply use a different verb, i.e. marchaos.

In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ... In linguistics, prescription can refer both to the codification and the enforcement of rules governing how a language is to be used. ...

yacer, to lie (to be in a horizontal position)

From the Latin: iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitus— "to lie (to be in a horizontal position)"

• The verb yacer is hardly ever used in colloquial speech.
• (1) also yazgo or yago.
• (2) also yazga etc., or yaga, etc.
• (3) also yaz.

External links

• WebWorkbooks: 10,000 verbs conjugated with voice files.
• El Conjugador Spanish conjugation for all verbs
• Real Academia Española Spanish dictionary. Conjugation of regular and irregular verbs.
• Spanish Verb Machine Conjugates in all tenses, but doesn't effectively handle irregular verbs such as "ser" or "ir".
• Learn Spanish Free conjugation drills.
• Spaleon Interactive verb conjugation test.
• Spanish Verbal Essence Dave Kamholz's Spanish Verb Conjugator.