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The Spanish Missions in Texas comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land. The missions introduced European livestock, fruits, vegetables, and industry into the Texas region. In addition to the presidio (fort) and pueblo (town), the misión was one of the three major agencies employed by the Spanish crown to extend its borders and consolidate its colonial territories. In all, twenty-six missions were maintained for different lengths of time within the future boundaries of the state. Religious is a term with both a technical definition and folk use. ...
The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ...
The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...
For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...
For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...
Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ...
Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area Ranked 2nd - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ...
Since 1493, Spain had maintained a number of missions throughout New Spain (Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands. The East Texas missions were a direct response to fear of French encroachment when the remains of La Salle's Fort Saint Louis were discovered near Matagorda Bay in 1689. map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ...
Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...
Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ...
Engraving of Cavelier de La Salle A later engraving of Robert de LaSalle Memorial Plaque to de La Salle in Rouen René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle (November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer. ...
Fort Saint Louis was a frontier fort built in 1685 by French exporer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle near what is now Inez, Texas. ...
Matagorda Bay is a large bay on the Texas coast, located between Calhoun and Matagorda counties. ...
Following government policy, Franciscan missionaries sought to make life within mission communities closely resemble that of Spanish villages and Spanish culture. In order to become Spanish citizens and productive inhabitants, native americans learned vocational skills. As plows, farm implements, and gear for horses, oxen, and mules fell into disrepair, blacksmithing skills soon became indispensable. Weaving skills were needed to help clothe the inhabitants. As buildings became more elaborate, mission occupants learned masonry and carpentry under the direction of craftsmen contracted by the missionaries. The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...
The traditional way: a German farmer works the land with a horse and plough. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ...
For other uses, see Mule (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Blacksmith (disambiguation). ...
Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Woven sheet Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ...
This article refers to the building structure component; for the fraternal organization, see Freemasonry. ...
Carpenter at work in Tennessee, June 1942. ...
In the closely supervised setting of the mission the Indians were expected to mature in Christianity and Spanish political and economic practices until they would no longer require special mission status. Then their communities could be incorporated as such into ordinary colonial society. This transition from official mission status to ordinary Spanish society, when it occurred in an official manner, was called "secularization." In this official transaction, the mission's communal properties were privatized, the direction of civil life became a purely secular affair, and the direction of church life was transferred from the missionary religious orders to the Catholic diocesan church. Although colonial law specified no precise time for this transition to take effect, increasing pressure for the secularization of most missions developed in the last decades of the eighteenth century.
This mission system was developed in response to the often very detrimental results of leaving the Hispanic control of relations with Indians on the expanding frontier to overly enterprising civilians and soldiers. This had resulted too often in the abuse and even enslavement of the Indians and a heightening of antagonism.
In the end, the mission system was not politically strong enough to protect the Indians against the growing power of ranchers and other business interests that sought control over mission lands and the manpower represented by the Indians. In the first few years of the new Republic of Mexico-between 1824 and 1830-all the missions still operating in Texas were officially secularized, with the sole exception of those in the El Paso district, which were turned over to diocesan pastors only in 1852. (see The Texas Handbook On line: Spanish Missions.)
Mission Corpus Christi de la Ysleta del Sur
- Flooding destroyed the mission twice: once around 1742 and again around 1829.
- Present church was constructed in 1851 on higher ground
- In 1881, the Jesuits took control and renamed it Mission de Nuestra Señora del Monte Carmelo
- In 1980, the name was changed to Mission San Antonio de los Tiguas
- Still in use as a church
Mission San Antonio de Senecú Ysleta was a town in western Texas. ...
Piro Pueblo (IPA ): The Piros (not to be confused with the Piros of the Ucayali basin in Peru) were a Native American Pueblo people that lived in a number of pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley around modern Socorro, New Mexico. ...
Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area Ranked 5th - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²) - Width 342 miles (550 km) - Length 370 miles (595 km) - % water 0. ...
Misi n de Nuestra Se ora de Guadalupe Ciudad Ju rez (2000 population 1,142,354) is a city in Chihuahua, Mexico, across the Rio Grande from El Paso, Texas, USA. It is the major port of entry and transportation center of north central Mexico and the fifth largest city...
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Limpia Concepción de Los Piros de Socorro del Sur - Established 1682 near Socorro among the Piros people
- First permanent mission, built in 1691, was swept away by flood in 1744
- Second church was washed away in 1829
- Present mission was completed in 1843
- Socorro became part of Texas in 1848
Socorro is a city located in El Paso County, Texas. ...
Piro Pueblo (IPA ): The Piros (not to be confused with the Piros of the Ucayali basin in Peru) were a Native American Pueblo people that lived in a number of pueblos in the Rio Grande Valley around modern Socorro, New Mexico. ...
Mission San Francisco de la Espada -
Founded in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near present-day Weches, Texas, this was the first mission in Texas. ...
San Antonio redirects here. ...
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
Mission Santísimo Nombre de María The KCS Railway bridge over the Neches River in Beaumont is a major transportation link for the region. ...
Mission San Juan Bautista - Established in 1700-1702 Site now in Mexico.
Mission San Bernardo - Established in 1700-1702 Site now in Mexico.
Mission San Juan Capistrano -
Main article: Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas) San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ...
Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ...
San Antonio redirects here. ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña
 The front of Mission Concepción -
- Established in 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais in East Texas by franciscan friars
- suffered a small pox epidemic that left 197 indian population instead of the previous population of 298.
- Moved in 1731 to San Antonio
- later closed in the 1800s due to damage in the Battle of the Alamo.
- Currently a National Historical Park operated by the National Park Service
- is one of the oldest stone churches without repairs to the building.
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 754 KB) Mission Concepción in San Antonio, Texas is a part of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 754 KB) Mission Concepción in San Antonio, Texas is a part of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. ...
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ...
Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ...
San Antonio redirects here. ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
Mission San José de los Nazonis - Established in 1716-1717 in East Texas
- Abandoned in 1729
Red counties show the core of East Texas; pink and red counties may or may not be included in East Texas, and thus their inclusion varies from source to source. ...
Mission Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches Nacogdoches (pronounced ) is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. ...
Mission Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de los Ais - Established in 1716-1717 Site now in the state of Louisiana
- Closed in 1773
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes
Mission San Antonio de Valero -
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San Antonio redirects here. ...
The Daughters of the Republic of Texas (DRT) is a sororal association dedicated to perpetuating the memory of Texas pioneer families and soldiers of the Republic of Texas. ...
Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo -
San Antonio Missions National Historical Park preserves four of the five Spanish frontier missions in San Antonio, Texas. ...
San Antonio redirects here. ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
Mission Nuestro Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga Matagorda Bay is a large bay on the Texas coast, located between Calhoun and Matagorda counties. ...
Karankawa A group of Native American peoples, now extinct, known collectively as the Karankawa (also Karankawan, Clamcoëhs, and called in their language Auia), played a pivotal part in early Texas history. ...
Location in the state of Texas Country State County Victoria County Government - Mayor Will Armstrong Area - City 33. ...
Goliad is a city in Goliad County, Texas, United States. ...
CCC workers on road construction, Camp Euclid, Ohio 1936 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program for young men from unemployed families, established on March 19, 1933 by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ...
WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ...
Mission San Franscico Xavier de Najera - Established in 1722 in San Antonio
- Abandoned by 1726
- The site was used for Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña when that mission moved to San Antonio in 1730.
San Antonio redirects here. ...
Mission Santa María de las Caldas - Established in 1730 at Socorro among the Suma people
- Closed in 1749
Socorro is a city located in El Paso County, Texas. ...
The Suma and the Jumano was a people northern Chihuahua in northwestern Mexico and in southwestern Texas. ...
Mission San Francisco Xavier de Horcasitas - Established in 1746
- Abandoned in 1755
Mission San Ildefonso - Established in 1746
- Abandoned in 1755
Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá - Established in 1757 [1]
- Destroyed by Indian attack in March, 1758
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Cañón
Mission San Lorenzo de la Santa Cruz - Established circa 1750
- Located in current Real County
- Active until 1799
The Real County Courthouse, built in 1918 from local limestone. ...
Mission Nuestra Señora del Rosario - Established 1754 4 miles west of La Bahia.
- Closed in 1805
- Currently the ruins are an archeological site designated as a state historical park and controlled by the State of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Mission San Francisco Xavier de los Dolores - Established in 1755 at San Marcos among the Apache people
- Assets transferred to Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá in 1756
Image:Marcos. ...
For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ...
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Luz - Established 1756 near the mouth of the Trinity River
- Destroyed by Karankawa Indians
- It was the 27th mission in Texas
The Trinity River is a river in the state of Texas in the United States. ...
Mission Nuestra Señora del Refugio - Established February 4, 1793 in East Texas
- Moved in June, 1794 Mosquitos Creek
- Moved in January, 1795 to Refugio
- Materials from ruins probably used to build new structures in the early 1800s. The site is presently owned by Our Lady of Refuge Catholic Church.
is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1793 (MDCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Refugio is a town in Refugio County, Texas, United States. ...
// Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801. ...
See also The Old San Antonio Road (sometimes called El Camino Real, Camino Arriba, or Lower Presidio Road) is a historic roadway located in Texas and Louisiana, United States. ...
Reductions were colonies settled by the Jesuits in the Tupi-Guarani areas of Brazil and Spanish America in order to civilise and cathequise the Indians. ...
The Jesuit Reductions were a particular version of the general Spanish colonial strategy of building reducciones de indios in order to civilise and catechise the native populations of South America. ...
The Jesuits, or Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order, have had a long history of missions in East and South Asia almost since their very foundation in the 16th century under St. ...
External links
Beginning in 1493, the Kingdom of Spain maintained a number of missions throughout Nueva España (New Spain, consisting of Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands. ...
Misión Santa RosalÃa de Mulegé in Baja California Sur. ...
The Spanish missions in California (more simply referred to as the California Missions) comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Catholic faith among the local Native Americans. ...
The Spanish missions in the Carolinas were part of a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans. ...
Beginning in the Sixteenth century, the Kingdom of Spain established a number of missions throughout la Florida in order to convert the Indians to Christianity, to facilitate control of the area and to prevent its colonization by other countries, in particular, England and France. ...
Beginning in 1493, the Kingdom of Spain maintained a number of missions throughout Nueva España (New Spain, consisting of Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands. ...
The Spanish Missions of the Sonoran Desert are a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Jesuits and other orders to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier lands of its colony of New...
The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives. ...
Spanish Missions were established in the New World as part of the Spanish Colonisation of its new possessions. ...
The Ajacan Mission was a failed attempt in the 16th century by Spanish Jesuit priests to settle and bring Christianize the Native Americans on the Virginia Peninsula in the New World. ...
Image File history File links PNG File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
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