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The spatha was a type of straight sword with a long point, measuring between 0.75 and 1 m,[dubious – discuss] in use throughout 1st millennium Europe and the territory of the Roman Empire until about 600 CE. Later swords through about 1000 CE are recognizable derivatives, though not spatha. Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In the Gregorian calendar, the 1st millennium is the period of one thousand years that commenced with the year 1 Anno Domini. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
Of completely unknown origin, the spatha of literature appears in the Roman Empire in the 1st century as a weapon of presumed Germanic auxiliaries[dubious – discuss] (whether infantry or cavalry is not known) and went on from there to become a standard heavy infantry weapon, relegating the gladius to use as a light infantry weapon.[dubious – discuss] There is no evidence that the spatha was used exclusively for slashing. It apparently simply replaced the gladius in the front ranks, giving the infantry more reach in thrusting. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
The 1st century was that century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the sword. ...
Archaeologically many instances of the spatha have been found in Britain and Germany. It was used extensively by Germanic warriors but whether it came from the Pompeii gladius or the longer Celtic swords or served as a model for the various broadswords and Viking swords of Europe is a highly speculative topic. The spatha remained popular throughout the Migration period. It could have evolved into the knightly sword of the High Middle Ages from about 1100, but the large number of sword types that appeared during the period are difficult to connect for certain. Specific details of their manufacture and the models used by their manufacturers remain chiefly unknown. Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. ...
this 12th century drawing of the coronation of Otto I includes depictions of classical knightly swords. ...
August 5 - Henry I becomes King of England. ...
Etymology
The word derives from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spathe), "any broad blade, of wood or metal" but also "broad blade of a sword".[1] (Most possible is that spatha is the Romanization of the Doric Greek *σπάθα spatha) The word remains today as Greek σπάθη (spathe), fem. and σπαθί (spathi), neut.; The Latin word became French épée, Portuguese and Spanish espada, Italian spada, and Albanian shpata all meaning "sword". Note: This article contains special characters. ...
Distribution of Greek dialects, ca. ...
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Roman iron age The Roman Iron Age refers approximately to the time of the Roman Empire in north Europe, which was outside the jurisdiction of the empire, but, judging from the imported Roman artifacts, was influenced by Roman civilization. One source of artifacts from this period are the bogs of Schleswig, Holstein and Denmark. Objects were deliberately broken and thrown into the bog so that they could go with a deceased chief on his voyage to a better place. Roman Bronze figurine, Öland, Sweden The Roman Iron Age (1-400) is the name that Swedish archaeologist Oscar Montelius gave to a part of the Iron Age in Scandinavia, Northern Germany and the Netherlands. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ...
Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe and Eider. ...
- A cache of 90 swords was found at Nydam Mose ("Moor") in 1858. They were in the form of the spatha and therefore have been classified as "Roman swords", but the date is in the range 200-400 CE; that is, Roman spathae might as well be classified as "Nydam swords." Also at Nydam a fairly complete pre-Viking Viking ship dated to 320 CE by dendrochronology has been excavated. Many connect the Nydam cache with the sword of Beowulf, who may be supposed to be a contemporary.[2]
This article is about the epic poem. ...
Migration period -
Vendel sword hilt from the Snartemo III grave in southern Norway. Hilt is repoussé Early 6th century. The gold plate grips and silver gilt mount at the mouth of the scabbard are in Style I. Surviving examples of these Germanic Iron Age swords had blades measuring between 28" and 32" (710 and 810 mm) in length and 1.7" to 2.4" (45 to 60 mm) in width. These single handed weapons of war sported a tang only some 4" to 5" (100 to 130 mm) long, and had very little taper in their blades ending in usually rounded tip. Vendel sword hilt from the Snartemo III grave in southern Norway. ...
Image File history File links Sword. ...
Image File history File links Sword. ...
Ohtheres mound Vendel is a parish in the Swedish province of Uppland. ...
The Germanic Iron Age is the name given to the period 400 CE–800 AD in Northern Europe, and it is part of the continental Age of Migrations. ...
Viking Age -
Perhaps the most distant recognizable cousin to the spatha were the Viking age blades. These swords took on a much more acute distal taper and point. These blades had deep fullers running their length, yet still had single-handed hilts which sported a unique shaped pommel, flat at the grip side and roughly triangular early on, with the flat curving to fit the hand better later. While the pattern of hilt and blade design of this time might readily be called 'The Viking sword' to do so would be to neglect the wide spread popularity it enjoyed. All over continental Europe between 700-1000 AD this design and its small variations could be found. Many of the best blades were of Frankish origin, hilted in local centers. The balance is significantly better. Many Saxon era blades were largely ceremonial, due to the low grade of iron and the tip-heavy balance. Viking era blades were refined weapons. The Spatha is a type of straight sword, measuring between 75 and 100 cm, in use throughout the 1st millennium AD. Introduced in the late Roman Empire, the Spatha remained popular throughout the Migration period and the Viking Age, until it evolved into the knightly sword of the High Middle...
Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 800 to 1066 in Scandinavian History[1][2][3]. // In England the Viking Age began dramatically on June 8, 793 when heathen Norsemen destroyed the Abbey church on Lindisfarne, a centre of learning famous across the continent. ...
Prussian bayonet, with a prominent fuller A Fuller is a rounded or beveled groove on the flat side of a blade, such as a sword, knife, or bayonet (shown). ...
See also: Hilt (band) and Peter Hilt Hilt of Szczerbiec The hilt of a sword is its handle, consisting of a guard, grip and pommel. ...
See also: Hilt (band) and Peter Hilt The hilt of a sword is its handle, consisting of a guard, grip and pommel. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
During "Norman" times the blades increased some 100 mm (4") in overall length, and the hilt changed significantly. Instead of the Brazil-nut pommel, a thick disc-shaped pommel was attached 'on-edge' to the bottom of the iron hilt. In addition the upper guard grew substantially from the near-absent design predating it. Also the blades tended to taper slightly less than those found during the times of the Vikings.
Jan Petersen in De Norske Vikingsverd ("The Norwegian Viking Swords", 1919) introduced the most widely-used classification of swords of the Viking Age, discriminating 26 types labelled A – Z. In 1927 R. E. M. Wheeler condensed Petersen's typology into a simplified typology of nine groups, numbered I – IX. Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Norman swords The transition from the Viking age spatha to the High Medieval arming sword takes place between the 10th and 11th centuries. The main development is the growth of the front handguard into a full cross-guard, and the reduction of the typical Viking Age lobated pommel into simpler hazelnut or disc shapes. The sword of Otto I preserved in Essen is such an example of the emerging arming sword, although it has been encrusted with decorations during the centuries it was conserved as a relic (total length 95.5 cm) [1]. The term arming-sword refers not so much to a sword design as the situation under which the sword was used. ...
Hilt of Szczerbiec silver damascened rapier guard, between 1580 and 1600. ...
See also: Hilt (band) and Peter Hilt The hilt of a sword is its handle, consisting of a guard, grip and pommel. ...
Essen is a city in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...
In Popular Culture King Théoden's sword Herugrim is depicted as a spatha in the Peter Jackson-directed movies based on J.R.R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings. An unusual part of the design was that the blade had a double fuller. In J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, Théoden was the seventeenth King of Rohan, and last of the Second Line. ...
For other persons named Peter Jackson, see Peter Jackson (disambiguation). ...
J. R. R. Tolkien in 1916. ...
This article is about the novel. ...
Notes - ^ Liddell & Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Spathe
- ^ A professional site may be found at das Nydam Moor. German is required but a good picture of a sword is shown. Another site is to be found at Genealogies, Maps, Glossary & Pictorial Guide to Beowulf. It presents the ancient Germanic sword vocabulary and shows a picture of a Nydam spatha but does not connect it to a specific name.
References - Ewart Oakeshott, The Archaeology of Weapons, Barnes & Noble, 1994, ISBN 1-56619-596-9. The book was copyrighted in 1960.
See also | | Military of ancient Rome Portal | Download high resolution version (1932x1288, 436 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
This article is about the sword. ...
Pugio reconstruction: a Roman soldier from AD 70 Pugio reconstruction: a Roman soldier AD 175 from a northern province A pugio is a small dagger used by Roman soldiers. ...
Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way. ...
Our knowledge about arms and armour of the Viking age (8th to 11th centuries Europe) is based on relatively sparse archaeological finds, pictorial representation, and to some extent on the accounts in the Norse sagas and Norse laws recorded in the 13th century. ...
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