The Special Corps of Gendarmes (Отдельный корпус жандармов) was the secret military police of the Russian Empire in the 1800s and early 1900s. Its main responsibilities were law enforcement and state security. Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Events and Trends Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815). ... Events and Trends Technology Lawrence Hargrave makes the first stable wing design for a heavier-than-air aircraft Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first documented flight in a powered heavier-than-air aircraft Mass production of automobile Wide popularity of home phonograph Panama Canal is built by the United... For the band, see The Police. ... Security agency is an organization which conducts intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation, state or organization. ...

The responsibilities of the Gendarmes also included execution of court orders, chasing fugitives, riot control, and detainment of unusual criminals. Gendarmes could also be assigned to assist local police and officials. Riot control are the measures to control a riot or to break up an unwanted demonstration (usually of protestors). ...

The precursors of the Corps were the Army Gendarmerie regiment, created in 1815 and based on the Borisoglebsk Dragoon regiment, and Gendarmerie units of the Special Corps of the Internal Guards. Following the 1825 revolt, the new tsar, Nicholas I, created the office of the Chief of Gendarmes in July 1826 and appointed General Count Alexander Benkendorf to it; all of the Gendarmes were subordinate to the Chief. Benkendorf was also appointed Executive Director of the newly-created Third Section of the Imperial Chancellery, although the office of the Head of the Third Section was not formally merged with Chief of Gendarmes until 1839. A gendarmerie (French) is a military body charged with general police duties. ... 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. ... This article is about the failed Russian revolt. ... Tsar ( Bulgarian цар, Russian царь,  listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to... Nicholas I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович, July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855) was the Emperor of Russia and king of Poland from 1825 until his death in 1855. ... Events February 11 - University College London is founded, under the name University of London. ... The Third Section was an organization set up in 1826 in Imperial Russia and was designed to combat corruption and champion justice. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1836, the Gendarmerie of the Internal Guards was transformed into the Special Corps of Gendarmes, under the Chief of Gendarmes. The Commander of the Corps and Chief of Staff of the Corps were also Directors of the Third Section under the Executive Director. The Corps was divided into seven territorial Districts, six of them located in Russia and one in the Kingdom of Poland, each having a Directorate. The Main Directorate, along with additional Gubernial Directorates, was also created. The Army's Gendarmerie regiment joined the Corps in 1842. Events January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... The term Congress Poland is an unofficial name of the Kingdom of Poland, a political entity that was created out of the Duchy of Warsaw at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, when European powers reorganised Europe following the Napoleonic wars. ... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate General. ... Events February 21 - John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine. ...

The Gendarmes were using Cavalry ranks of the Russian military ranks system introduced in 1826. The following is a table of Ground Force, Air Force and Naval ranks of the Military of Russia. ... Events February 11 - University College London is founded, under the name University of London. ...

As of 1867 statute, the Corps consisted of: 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

• Main Directorate
• Surveillance staff
• Caucasus, Warsaw and Siberia Districts
• Gubernial Directorates (56)
• Uyezd Directorates (50)
• Railroad Directorates
• St. Petersburg, Moscow and Warsaw divisions
• Mounted units (13)

In 1871 the Gendarmes acquired the right to investigate both political and criminal cases, as the judicial investigators were dismissed. Surveillance is a process of close monitoring of behaviour. ... The Caucasus is a region in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... Warsaw ( Polish: Warszawa, see also other names, in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia ( Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate General. ... Uyezd was a division of guberniya. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow  listen? ( Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, pronunciation: Moskva), capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Only the most competent of the Army's officers in noble ranks could join the Corps of Gendarmes. Although the Corps maintained a powerful image, its large network of informers and agents often supplied nothing more than rumors and slanders; the Gendarmes were obviously incapable of infiltrating real revolutionary organizations. In August 1880, both the Third Section and the Special Corps of Gendarmes were transferred to the authority of the Minister of Internal Affairs by proposal of Count Loris-Melikov. The office Chief of Gendarmes was inherited by the Minister, and the Commander of the Corps became his Deputy. Many Gendarme officers were transferred to then-created Department of Police. This article is in need of attention. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Michael Tarielovich, Count Loris-Melikov (1825? - 1888), Russian statesman, son of an Armenian merchant, was born at Tiflis in 1825 or 1826, and educated in St Petersburg, first in the Lazarev School of Oriental Languages, and afterwards in the Guards Cadet Institute. ...

Following the 1902 assassination of MVD Minister Sipyagin, the state security power of Gendarmerie Directorates was transmitted to the Okhranka and counter-intelligence units of the General Staff and the Department of Police. Events January-April January 28 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie. ... Dmitry Sergeyevich Sipyagin (Дмитрий Сергеевич Сипягин) (1853, Kiev - 1902, St Petersburg), a Russian statesman. ... The Okhranka was the secret police of the Russian Empire and part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in late 1800s, aided by Special Corps of Gendarmes. ... Counter-intelligence is the act of seeking to oppose the activities of spies and similar enemies. ...

References

Political police and political terrorism in Russia (second half of XIX - beginning of XX). Collection of documents. Compiled by V.I. Kochanov, N.N. Parfyonova, M.V. Sidorova, Ye. I. Sherbakova. Moscow, AIRO-XX (2000). ISBN 5-88735-079-2. (In Russian). [1] (http://www.auditorium.ru/books/472/index.htm)

External links

• Official history of the MVD of Russia: 1825-1856  (http://www.mvdinform.ru/index.php?docid=363) 1857-1879  (http://www.mvdinform.ru/index.php?docid=364) 1880-1904  (http://www.mvdinform.ru/index.php?docid=365) 1905-1916  (http://www.mvdinform.ru/index.php?docid=366) (in Russian)