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Special effects (also called SPFX or SFX) are used in the film, television, and entertainment industry to realize scenes that cannot be achieved by live action or normal means. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
“Moving picture†redirects here. ...
A stilt-walker entertaining shoppers at a shopping centre in Swindon, England Entertainment is an event, performance, or activity designed to give pleasure or relaxation to an audience (although, for example, in the case of a computer game the audience may be only one person). ...
Special effects are used when creating the image by normal means is fantastic, impossible, or prohibitively expensive. For example, it would be extremely expensive to construct a 16th century castle, launch a 25th century space vessel, or to sink a 20th century ocean liner. But these can be simulated with special effects. Usually, special effects are used to enhance previously-filmed elements, by adding, removing or enhancing objects within the scene. Their use is common in big-budget films, but affordable animation and compositing software enable even amateur filmmakers to create professional-looking effects. The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ...
In visual effects post-production, compositing refers to creating new images or moving images by combining images from different sources – such as real-world digital video, film, synthetic 3-D imagery, 2-D animations, painted backdrops, digital still photographs, and text. ...
Many different special effects techniques exist, ranging from traditional theater effects or elaborately staged as in the "machine plays" of the Restoration spectacular, through classic film techniques invented in the early 20th century, such as aerial image photography and optical printers, to modern computer graphics imagery (CGI). Often several different techniques are used together in a single scene or shot to achieve the desired effect. This naval battle was one of the sets for Elkanah Settles Empress of Morocco (1673) at the theatre in Dorset Garden. ...
Special effects (FX): 3-D film for movie history Stereoscopy for 3D technical details 3-D computer graphics Computer-generated imagery Digital compositing Optical effects Bluescreen/chroma key Stop trick Stop motion Editing: Timecode A Roll B Roll Cross cutting Cutaway Cut in Cut out Dissolve Establishing shot Hairy Arm...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...
A special effects movie camera stand with aerial image capabilities. ...
An optical printer with two projector heads, used in producing movie special effects. ...
The seawater creature in The Abyss marked CGIs acceptance in the visual effects industry. ...
Special effects are traditionally divided into two rough categories. Optical effects (also called visual or photographic effects), include techniques in which images or film frames are created and manipulated for film and video. Optical effects are produced photographically, either in-the-camera (double exposures or the Schüfftan process) or in post-production processing via an optical printer. A good example of an optical effect would be a scene in Star Trek depicting the USS Enterprise flying through space. “Moving picture†redirects here. ...
The Schüfftan process, named after its inventor Eugen Schüfftan (1893–1977), is a movie special effect widely used in the first half of the 20th century. ...
An optical printer with two projector heads, used in producing movie special effects. ...
The current Star Trek franchise logo Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment series and media franchise. ...
Enterprise or USS Enterprise are the names of several fictional starships, some of which are the focal point for various television series and films in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry. ...
Mechanical effects (also called practical or physical effects), are usually accomplished during the live-action shooting. These include mechanized props, scenery and scale models, and pyrotechnics. Examples include the ejector seat of James Bond's Aston Martin, R2D2 in the Star Wars films, or rotating sets in 2001: A Space Odyssey to simulate zero-gravity environments. Theatrical scenery is things that are used as setting for a theatrical production. ...
Pyrotechnics is a field of study often thought synonymous with the manufacture of fireworks, but more accurately it has a wider scope that includes items for military and industrial uses. ...
Flemings image of James Bond; commissioned to aid the Daily Express comic strip artists. ...
R2-D2 (also spelled Artoo-Detoo, called R2 for short), is an astromech droid and colleague of C-3PO in the fictional Star Wars universe. ...
Star Wars is an epic space opera saga and a fictional universe initially developed by George Lucas during the 1970s and expanded since that time. ...
There is occasionally overlap into the categories of set design and makeup: for example, An American Werewolf in London used complex mechanics with makeup techniques. An American Werewolf in London is a comedy/horror film released in 1981, written and directed by John Landis. ...
In recent years, Computer generated imagery (CGI) has come to the forefront of special effects technologies. Many special effects techniques have been superseded by CGI. The seawater creature in The Abyss marked CGIs acceptance in the visual effects industry. ...
Developmental History
In 1867, Oscar Gustave Rejlander created the world's first "trick photograph" by combining different regions of 32 other photographs into a single image. In 1895, Alfred Clark created what is commonly accepted as the first-ever special effect on film. While filming a reenactment of the beheading of Mary, Queen of Scots, Clarke instructed an actor to step up to the block in Mary's costume. As the executioner brought the axe above his head, Clarke stopped the camera, had all of the actors freeze, and had the person playing Mary step off the set. He placed a Mary dummy in the actor's place, restarted filming, and allowed the executioner to bring the axe down, severing the dummy's head. “Such… techniques would remain at the heart of special effects production for the next century” (Rickitt, 10). Oscar Gustave Rejlander (Sweden 1813 – Clapham, London on 18 January 1875) was a pioneering Victorian art photographer. ...
Mary I (popularly known as Mary, Queen of Scots: French: ); (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587) was Queen of Scots (the monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland) from December 14, 1542, to July 24, 1567. ...
This was not only the first use of trickery in the cinema, it was the first type of photographic trickery that could only be done in a motion picture, i.e., the "stop trick."
In 1896, French magician Georges Méliès accidentally discovered the same "stop trick." According to Melies, his camera jammed while filming a street scene in Paris. When he screened the film, he found that the "stop trick" had caused a truck to turn into a hearse, pedestrians to change direction, and men turn into women. Melies, the stage manager at the Theatre Robert-Houdin, was inspired to develop a series of more than 500 short films, between 1896 and 1914, in the process developing or inventing such techniques as multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand painted colour. Because of his ability to seemingly manipulate and transform reality with the cinematograph, the prolific Méliès is sometimes referred to as the "Cinemagician." His most famous film, Le Voyage dans la lune (1902), a whimsical parody of Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon, featured a combination of live action and animation, and also incorporated extensive miniature and matte painting work. Photo c. ...
Photo c. ...
Georges Méliès (December 8, 1861 – January 21, 1938), full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Georges Méliès (December 8, 1861 – January 21, 1938), full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. ...
Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ...
Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
In film and photography, double exposure is a technique in which a piece of film is exposed twice, to two different images. ...
The flower of a geranium opening over a period of about two hours. ...
In film editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. ...
The cinematograph or Lumière Cinématographe was an early type film projector, an all-in-one camera, projector and developer, circa 1895. ...
A Trip to the Moon (French: ) is a 1902 French black and white silent science fiction film. ...
Jules Gabriel Verne (February 8, 1828–March 24, 1905) was a French author who pioneered the science-fiction genre. ...
The projectile, as pictured in an engraving from the 1872 Illustrated Edition. ...
The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ...
Look up miniature in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Matte or matt can be used to describe a non-glossy finish on a surface; it can also be used to denote the surface surrounding a framed picture, between the picture itself and the frame; usually made from coloured card. ...
During the 1920s and 1930s, special effects techniques were improved and refined by the motion picture industry. Many techniques were modifications of illusions from the theater (such as Pepper's Ghost) and still photography (such as double exposure and matte compositing). Rear projection was a refinement of the use of painted backgrounds in the theater – only substituting moving pictures to create moving backgrounds. A viewer looking through the red rectangle sees a ghost floating next to the table. ...
Matte refers to the following: the surface surrounding a framed picture, between the picture itself and the frame; usually made from coloured card a surface with a non-glossy finish (also matt or mat) a filmmaking technique a smelted sulfide material in extractive metallurgy a form of the name Matthew...
Rear projection was devised by Farciot Edouart in 1933 - at the time, he was working for Paramount Studios. ...
But several techniques soon developed that, like the "stop trick," were wholly original to motion pictures. Animation, creating the illusion of motion, was accomplished with drawings (most notably by Winsor McCay in Gertie the Dinosaur) and with three-dimensional models (most notably by Willis O'Brien in The Lost World and King Kong). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x601, 397 KB)King Kong (1933 film) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x601, 397 KB)King Kong (1933 film) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
King Kong in the 1933 film. ...
Willis OBrien with his Academy Award. ...
The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these 6 frames. ...
Winsor McCay Winsor McCay (September 26, 1867(?) – July 26, 1934) was a prolific artist and pioneer in the art of comic strips and animation. ...
Gertie the Dinosaur is a 1914 animated film short that inspired a generation of animators to bring their cartoons to life. ...
Willis OBrien with his Academy Award. ...
The Lost World is a 1925 silent adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyles book of the same name. ...
This is about the original movie and novel. ...
Metropolis: Rotwang with his invention, which in the original script was called Futura Also, the challenge of simulating spectacle in motion encouraged the development of the use of miniatures. Naval battles could be depicted with models in studio tanks, and airplanes could be flown (and crashed) without risk of life and limb. Most impressively, miniatures and matte paintings could be used to depict worlds that never existed. Fritz Lang's film Metropolis was an early special effects spectacular, with innovative use of miniatures, matte paintings, the Schüfftan process, and complex compositing. Metropolis - Fritz Lang. ...
Metropolis - Fritz Lang. ...
Metropolis is a silent science fiction film created by the famed Austrian-German director Fritz Lang. ...
15mm British Camel Corps and Heliograph Team from Peter Pig A miniature figure -- also known as a miniature or just a mini -- is a small figurine commonly used in role playing games (RPGs) such as Dungeons & Dragons. ...
Mattes are used in photography and special effects filmmaking to combine two or more image elements into a single, final image. ...
Friedrich Christian Anton Fritz Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American film director, screenwriter and occasional film producer, one of the best known émigrés from Germanys school of expressionism. ...
Metropolis is a silent science fiction film created by the famed Austrian-German director Fritz Lang. ...
The Schüfftan process, named after its inventor Eugen Schüfftan (1893–1977), is a movie special effect widely used in the first half of the 20th century. ...
An important innovation in special-effects photography was the development of the optical printer. Essentially, an optical printer is a projector aiming into a camera lens, and it was developed to make copies of films for distribution. Until Linwood G. Dunn, A.S.C. refined the design and use of the optical printer, effects shots were accomplished as in-camera effects. Dunn demonstrating that it could be used to combine images in novel ways and create new illusions. One early showcase for Dunn was Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, where such locations as Xanadu (and some of Gregg Toland's famous 'deep focus' shots) were essentially created by Dunn's optical printer. An optical printer with two projector heads, used in producing movie special effects. ...
Linwood G. Dunn (December 27, 1904 in Brooklyn, New York - May 20, 1998) was a pioneer of visual special effects in motion pictures and inventor of related technology. ...
An in-camera effect is any special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera and/or its parts. ...
This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Citizen Kane is a 1941 mystery/drama film released by RKO Pictures and directed by Orson Welles, his first feature film. ...
A shot featuring the construction of Xanadu Xanadu is the fictional estate of Charles Foster Kane, the title character of the film Citizen Kane. ...
Gregg Toland (1904-1948) was an influential American cinematographer, most noted for his work on Orson Welles Citizen Kane. ...
A scene from William Wylers film, The Best Years of Our Lives, exemplifies deep focus. ...
As the industry progressed, special effects techniques kept pace. The development of color photography required greater refinement of effects techniques. Also, color enabled the development of such travelling matte techniques as bluescreen and the sodium vapor process. Many films became landmarks in special-effects accomplishments: Forbidden Planet used matte paintings, animation, and miniature work to create spectacular alien environments. In The Ten Commandments, Paramount's John P. Fulton, A.S.C., multiplied the crowds of extras in the Exodus scenes with careful compositing, depicted the massive constructions of Rameses with models, and split the Red Sea in a still-impressive combination of travelling mattes and water tanks. Ray Harryhausen extended the art of stop-motion animation with his special techniques of compositing to create spectacular fantasy adventures such as Jason and the Argonauts (whose climax, a sword battle with seven animated skeletons, is considered a landmark in special effects). The bluescreen setup. ...
The sodium vapor process (ocassionally referred to as yellowscreen) was an old technique for combining actors and background footage. ...
Forbidden Planet is a 1956 science fiction film and a subsequent novelization by W.J. Stuart. ...
The Ten Commandments is a 1956 motion picture dramatizing the Biblical story of Moses, an Egyptian prince-turned deliverer of the Hebrew slaves. ...
John P. Fulton (born 1902 in Nebraska and died October 1, 1965 in London, England) was an American special effects supervisor and cinematographer. ...
Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ...
Ray Harryhausen, with creations from Clash of the Titans. ...
Jason and the Argonauts may refer to: the Greek myth of Jason and the Argonauts Jason and the Argonauts (film), a 1963 film with animation by Ray Harryhausen Jason and the Argonauts (TV movie), a TV movie made in 2000 This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated...
If one film could be said to have established the high-water mark for special effects, it would be 1968's 2001: A Space Odyssey, directed by Stanley Kubrick. In this film, the spaceship miniatures were highly detailed and carefully photographed for a realistic depth of field. The shots of spaceships were combined through hand-drawn rotoscopes and careful motion-control work, ensuring that the elements were precisely combined in the camera-- a surprising throwback to the silent era, but with spectacular results. Backgrounds of the African vistas in the "Dawn of Man" sequence were combined with soundstage photography via the then-new front projection technique. Scenes set in zero-gravity environments were staged with hidden wires, mirror shots, and large-scale rotating sets. The finale, a voyage through hallucinogenic scenery, was created by Douglas Trumbull using a new technique termed slit-scan. Even today, the effects scenes remain impressive, realistic, and awe-inspiring. Image File history File links 2001Style_B.jpg‎ 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY © 1968 Turner Entertainment Co. ...
Image File history File links 2001Style_B.jpg‎ 2001: A SPACE ODYSSEY © 1968 Turner Entertainment Co. ...
“Kubrick†redirects here. ...
In optics, particularly film and photography, the depth of field (DOF) is the distance in front of and beyond the subject that appears to be in focus. ...
Front Projection is an in-camera visual effects process for combining foreground performance with pre-filmed background footage. ...
Douglas Trumbull (born April 8, 1942) is a film director and special effects supervisor. ...
The slit-scan photography technique is a photographic and cinematographic process where a moveable slide, into which a slit has been cut, is inserted between the camera and the subject to be photographed. ...
1977 was a watershed year in the special effects industry because of two blockbuster films. George Lucas's Star Wars ushered in an era of fantasy films with expensive and impressive special-effects. Effects supervisor John Dykstra and crew developed many improvements in existing effects technology. They developed a computer-controlled camera rig called the "Dykstraflex" that allowed precise repeatability of camera motion, greatly facilitating travelling-matte compositing. Degradation of film images during compositing was minimized by other innovations: the Dykstraflex used VistaVision cameras that photographed widescreen images horizontally along stock, using far more of the film per frame, and thinner-emulsion filmstocks were used in the compositing process. George Walton Lucas, Jr. ...
This movie poster for Star Wars depicts many of the films important elements, such as Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, X-Wing and Y-Wing fighters Star Wars, retitled Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope in 1981 (see note at Title,) is the original (and in chronological...
A VistaVision 35 mm horizontal camera film frame. ...
The inner box (green) is the format used in most pre-1952 films and pre-widescreen television. ...
That same year, Steven Spielberg's film Close Encounters of the Third Kind boasted a finale with impressive special effects by 2001 veteran Douglas Trumbull. In addition to developing his own motion-control system, Trumbull also developed techniques for creating intentional "lens flare" (the shapes created by light reflecting in camera lenses to provide the film's undefinable shapes of flying saucers. A film poster for Close Encounters of the Third Kind, contended as fair use. ...
A film poster for Close Encounters of the Third Kind, contended as fair use. ...
This article is about the film; for the a definition of the UFO related phenomenon, see Close encounter. ...
Steven Allan Spielberg KBE (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director and producer. ...
This article is about the film; for the a definition of the UFO related phenomenon, see Close encounter. ...
Douglas Trumbull (born April 8, 1942) is a film director and special effects supervisor. ...
Photograph of NASA lunar lander containing lens flare. ...
These two films reflected a new sensibility among special effects technicians. Previously, studios were content to use the old techniques to achieve serviceable illusions. But a generation of technicians desiring better, more refined illusions now had the means (i.e., massive studio investment in effects-heavy fantasy films) to improve every tool in the special effects arsenal. During the production of Star Wars, George Lucas founded an innovative effects house called Industrial Light and Magic, which has spearheaded most effects innovations over the last few decades. This movie poster for Star Wars depicts many of the films important elements, such as Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, X-Wing and Y-Wing fighters Star Wars, retitled Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope in 1981 (see note at Title,) is the original (and in chronological...
Industrial Light & Magic original logo, designed by Drew Struzan Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is a motion picture special visual effects company, founded in May 1975 by George Lucas and owned by Lucasfilm Ltd. ...
Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) A recent and profound innovation in special effects has been the development of computer generated imagery, or CGI, which has changed nearly every aspect of motion picture special effects. Digital compositing avoids the inherent graininess of optical compositing. Digital imagery has enabled technicians to create detailed models, matte "paintings," and even fully-realized characters with the malleability of computer software. The seawater creature in The Abyss marked CGIs acceptance in the visual effects industry. ...
The most spectacular use of CGI has been the creation of photographically-realistic images of fantasy creations. Images could be created in a computer using the techniques of animated cartoons or model animation. (In 1993, stop-motion animators working on the realistic dinosaurs of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park were retrained in the use of computer input devices.) By 1995, films such as Toy Story underscored that the distinction between live-action films and animated films was no longer clear. Other landmark examples include a moving stained-glass window in Young Sherlock Holmes, a tentacle of water in The Abyss, a 'liquid metal' villain in Terminator 2: Judgement Day, and hordes of armies of fantastic creatures in Lord of the Rings film trilogy. Steven Allan Spielberg KBE (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director and producer. ...
Jurassic Park is a 1993 science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. ...
Toy Story is an Academy-award-winning CGI animated feature film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution in the United States on November 22, 1995, and Australia on December 7, 1995, as well as in the United Kingdom on 22 March...
Young Sherlock Holmes (1985), directed by Barry Levinson and written by Chris Columbus, depicts a young Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson meeting and solving a mystery together at a boarding school. ...
The Abyss is a 1989 science fiction film which was written and directed by James Cameron, starring Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, and Michael Biehn. ...
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (commonly abbreviated T2) is a 1991 movie directed by James Cameron and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, and Robert Patrick. ...
The Lord of the Rings film trilogy comprises three live action fantasy epic films; The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). ...
It is now possible to create any image and have it look completely realistic to an audience.
Planning and Use Although most special effects work is completed during post-production, it must be carefully planned and choreographed in pre-production and production. A Visual effects supervisor is usually involved with the production from an early stage to work closely with the Director and all related personnel to achieve the desired effects. Post production is the general term for the last stage of film production in which photographed scenes (also called footage) are put together into a complete film. ...
Pre-production is the process of preparing all the elements involved in a film, play, or other performance. ...
In the context of film and television production, a visual effects supervisor is responsible for achieving the creative aims of the director and/or producers through the use of visual effects. ...
Live special effects Live special effects are effects that are used in front of a live audience. Mostly during sporting events, concerts and corporate shows. Types of effects that are commonly used include a laser lighting display, co2 effects, pyrotechnics, flames and confetti. Copper Bromide laser in operation. ...
Pyrotechnics is a field of study often thought synonymous with the manufacture of fireworks, but more accurately it has a wider scope that includes items for military and industrial uses. ...
Small boy trying to catch confetti at Folk Festival in Namur, Belgium. ...
Visual special effects techniques in rough order of invention A practical special effect is one in which a prop object appears to work in a situation where it obviously could not (such as a ringing telephone on stage). ...
An in-camera effect is any special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera and/or its parts. ...
In the field of special effects a miniature effect is a special effect generated by the use of scale models. ...
Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. ...
The Schüfftan process, named after its inventor Eugen Schüfftan (1893–1977), is a movie special effect widely used in the first half of the 20th century. ...
Mattes are used in photography and filmmaking to insert part of a foreground image onto a background image, which is often a matte painting, a background filmed by the second unit, or computer generated imagery. ...
Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over live-action film movement, frame by frame, for use in animated films. ...
A dolly zoom in the film Goodfellas. ...
Optical effects is a sub-category of special effects for film in which film images are manipulated through optical processes using film, light, shadow, lenses and/or chemical processes. ...
Matte can take on one of at least two distinct meanings. ...
A special effects movie camera stand with aerial image capabilities. ...
An optical printer with two projector heads, used in producing movie special effects. ...
The bluescreen setup. ...
Prosthetic makeup is the process of using prosthetic sculpting, molding and casting techniques to create advanced cosmetic effects. ...
Motion control photography is a special effects technique used in film that creates the illusion of size from small models by moving a small camera by the model at very slow speeds. ...
Audio-Animatronics is the registered trademark for a form of robotics created by Walt Disney Imagineering for shows and attractions at Disney theme parks, and subsequently expanded on and used by other companies. ...
Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display. ...
Wire removal is a visual effects technique used to remove wires in films, usually to simulate flying in actors or miniatures. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Computer-generated imagery (commonly abbreviated as CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally, and printed media. ...
Match moving is a special effects technology related to motion capture. ...
Virtual cinematography is an umbrella term for an emerging field. ...
Special effects artists Richard A. Rick Baker (born December 8, 1950 in Binghamton, New York, USA) is a Hollywood special makeup effects artist known for his realistic creature effects. ...
John Blakeley John Blakeley (born January 19, 1946 in Blackpool, UK) is a sculptor and special effects artist who has worked in the film industry for over 20 years. ...
John Charles Dykstra (born June 3, 1947 in Long Beach, California, United States) is a special effects supervisor and pioneer in the development of the use of computers in film making. ...
John Knoll is a motion picture visual effects specialist at Industrial Light and Magic (ILM). ...
Richard Edlund (December 6, 1940) is a multiple Academy Award- winning US special effects photographer. ...
John P. Fulton (born 1902 in Nebraska and died October 1, 1965 in London, England) was an American special effects supervisor and cinematographer. ...
John Gaeta (born 1965) is a visual effects designer best known for his work on the Matrix film trilogy, where he advanced and popularized the effects known as Bullet Time and Virtual Cinematography as well as pushing the boundaries of computer-generated imagery pre visualization. ...
Ray Harryhausen, with creations from Clash of the Titans. ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
Dennis Muren (born November 1, 1946) is an American film special effects artist, most notable for his work on the films of Steven Spielberg and George Lucas. ...
Derek Meddings (15 January 1931–10 September 1995) was a British television and cinema special effects expert, initially noted for his work on the Supermarionation television puppet series produced by Gerry Anderson. ...
Georges Méliès (December 8, 1861 – January 21, 1938), full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest cinema. ...
Thomas Vincent Savini (born November 3, 1946) is an American actor, stunt man, director and award-winning special effects and makeup artist. ...
Brothers Greg and Colin Strause (known as Brothers Strause) are a directing duo and special effects artists who grew up in the suburbs of Chicago. ...
Greg and Colin Strause Brothers Greg and Colin Strause (known as Brothers Strause) are a directing duo and special effects artists who grew up in the suburbs of Chicago. ...
Phil Tippett (born 1951) is a movie director and an award-winning Visual effects Supervisor and Producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation. ...
Douglas Trumbull (born April 8, 1942) is a film director and special effects supervisor. ...
Eiji Tsuburaya (円谷 英二 Tsuburaya Eiji) (July 7, 1901 – January 25, 1970) was responsible for the special effects on many Japanese movies, including the Godzilla series (1954–??). Born in Sukagawa, Fukushima prefecture, He worked as a cinematographer in Kyoto from 1919, joining Shochiku Kyoto Studios in...
Matthew J. Yuricich (born January 19, 1923) is an American Academy Award-winning special effects artist. ...
Lenwood Ballard Bill Abbott, also known as L.B.Abbott (13 June 1908, Pasadena, California - 28 September 1985, Los Angeles) was a special effects expert, cinematographer and cameraman. ...
Adam John Savage (born July 15, 1967) is an American television co-host on the program MythBusters on the Discovery Channel. ...
James Earl Hyneman (born September 25, 1956), known as Jamie Hyneman, is an American visual effects expert, best known for being the co-host of the television series MythBusters on the Discovery Channel. ...
Stan Winston (born April 7, 1946, in Richmond, Virginia), is an Academy Award winning special effects and makeup artist, and film director. ...
There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
Bill Westenhofer is an Academy-Award nominated VFX supervisor for Rhythm and Hues Studios and is currently supervising the effects team for The Golden Compass. ...
Landmark movies The films listed below are considered "landmark" for many reasons. Some showcase early uses of certain effects techniques, such as CGI (Tron) or stop-motion animation (King Kong). Others showcase the use of established techniques to a high degree of realism and spectacle, such as Star Wars and Titanic. TRON may refer to: TRON (film), a 1982 Disney science fiction film starring Jeff Bridges, Bruce Boxleitner, and Cindy Morgan TRON (arcade game), an arcade game based on the TRON film Tron (character), the titular character of the above two Tron 2. ...
King Kong in the 1933 film. ...
Star Wars is an epic space opera saga and a fictional universe initially developed by George Lucas during the 1970s and expanded since that time. ...
Titanic is a 1997 romantic drama film directed, written, and co-produced by James Cameron about the sinking of the RMS Titanic. ...
- The Abyss (CGI effects in alien water probe sequence)
- 2001: A Space Odyssey (Slit-scan photography, front projection, modeling/miniatures)
- The Birds (Male/Female Matte developments)
- Futureworld (First film to use 3-D CGI)
- Jurassic Park (Large animatronics, CGI creatures)
- King Kong (Stop-motion, rear-projection, sound effects)
- The Lord of the Rings Trilogy (Created MASSIVE Software, digital effects, motion capture)
- The Matrix Trilogy (Bullet Time)
- Jason_and_the_Argonauts_(film) (Stop-motion animation)
- Star Wars series (Motion control photography, complex image compositing)
- Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Realistic computer-generated human characters, "morphing.")
- Titanic (Model work, computer generated water, motion capture)
- Toy Story (Complete Computer Animation)
- Tron (Computer animation, virtual sets)
- Westworld (First film to use CGI effects)
- Mary Poppins (Sodium-screen compositing)
- An American Werewolf in London (Mechanical makeup effects)
The Abyss is a 1989 science fiction film which was written and directed by James Cameron, starring Ed Harris, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, and Michael Biehn. ...
The Birds (1963) is a horror film by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the short story The Birds (ISBN 0-582-41798-8) by Daphne du Maurier. ...
Futureworld was a 1976 sequel to the 1973 science fiction film Westworld. ...
Computer-generated imagery (commonly abbreviated as CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects in films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally, and printed media. ...
Jurassic Park is a 1993 science fiction film directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. ...
This is about the original movie and novel. ...
This article is about the novel. ...
The Massive user interface A battle simulated using Massive Massive (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment) is a high-end computer animation and artificial intelligence software package used for generating crowd-related visual effects for film and television. ...
The Matrix series consists of the films The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, and The Matrix Revolutions, all written and directed by the Wachowski brothers. ...
Jason and the Argonauts may refer to: the Greek myth of Jason and the Argonauts Jason and the Argonauts (film), a 1963 film with animation by Ray Harryhausen Jason and the Argonauts (TV movie), a TV movie made in 2000 This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated...
Star Wars is an epic space opera saga and a fictional universe initially developed by George Lucas during the 1970s and expanded since that time. ...
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (commonly abbreviated T2) is a 1991 movie directed by James Cameron and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton, and Robert Patrick. ...
Titanic is a 1997 romantic drama film directed, written, and co-produced by James Cameron about the sinking of the RMS Titanic. ...
Toy Story is an Academy-award-winning CGI animated feature film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution in the United States on November 22, 1995, and Australia on December 7, 1995, as well as in the United Kingdom on 22 March...
Tron is a 1982 science fiction film starring Jeff Bridges as Kevin Flynn (and his counterpart inside the electronic world, Clu), Bruce Boxleitner as Alan Bradley (and Tron), Cindy Morgan as Lora Baines (and Yori) and Dan Shor as Ram. ...
Westworld was a 1973 film written and directed by Michael Crichton. ...
For the 2004 stage musical, see Mary Poppins (musical). ...
An American Werewolf in London is a comedy/horror film released in 1981, written and directed by John Landis. ...
Special effects companies - Griffilms - Award winning SFX & animation company
- Special Effects - Knife & Fireshows, Austria
- Weta Digital, a New Zealand-based company that has worked on such films as King Kong and The Lord of the Rings trilogy.
- Industrial Light and Magic, one of the oldest and most respected effects companies in the world.
- Vision Crew Unlimited
- The Especial Effects Company
- Strictly FX - live special effects company
- Bleeding Art Industries - Based out of Calgary, AB, Canada, they also specialize in makeup FX and prosthetics.
- Animal Logic (Sydney, AU and Venice, CA)
- Bird Studios (London UK)
- Brain Zoo (Van Nuys, CA, US)
- CA Scanline (München, DE)
- CafeFX (Santa Maria, CA, US)
- CBS Digital (LA, CA, US)
- Cinesite (London/Hollywood)
- Digital Domain (Venice, LA, CA, US)
- Double Negative (VFX) (London, UK)
- DreamWorks (LA, CA, US)
- EdenFx (Hollywood, CA, US)
- Flash Film Works (LA, CA, US)
- Framestore CFC (London, UK)
- Giantsteps (Venice, CA)
- MagicSnow Systems (Hollywood, CA, US)
- The Mill (London, UK; NY and LA, US)
- Hydraulx (Santa Monica, LA, US)
- Image Engine (Vancouver, BC, CA)
- Intelligent Creatures (Toronto, ON, CA)
- Mac Guff (LA, CA, US; Paris, FR)
- Moving Picture Company (Soho, London, UK)
- Rhythm and Hues Studios (LA, CA, US)
- Rising Sun Pictures (Adelaide and Sydney, AU)
- RIOT (Santa Monica, CA and Manhattan, NY, USA]]
- Sputnik Studio (Santa Monica, CA)
- Surreal World (Melbourne, AU)
- Tippett Studio (Berkeley, CA, US)
- Zoic Studios (Culver City, CA, US)
- Intrigue FX Canada
- Red Chilles VFX(Bombay,India)
- Pixelloid(Hyderabad,India)
- Primefocus(Mumbai,India)
Weta Digital is a digital visual effects company based in Wellington, New Zealand, an offshoot of the Weta Workshop physical effects company. ...
Industrial Light & Magic original logo, designed by Drew Struzan Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is a motion picture special visual effects company, founded in May 1975 by George Lucas and owned by Lucasfilm Ltd. ...
Vision Crew Unlimited was founded in 1994 by visual effects artists Evan Jacobs, Jon Warren and Douglas Miller with the goal of providing high quality visual effects for feature films, commercials, and television. ...
Strictly FX, a live special effects company, started in 1996 with Mark Grega and Ted Maccabee. ...
Animal Logic is a digital visual effects company based at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article or section reads like an advertisement. ...
This page has been deleted, and protected to prevent re-creation. ...
Digital Domain is an Academy Award-winning computer graphics company located in Venice, California that provides visual effects for film, commercials and music videos. ...
Double Negative is full-service VFX (visual effects) company in Europe. ...
This article is about the film studio. ...
Flash Film Works is a computer graphics company that provides special effects for films, television shows and commercials. ...
Framestore CFC is one of the largest digital film special effects companies in Europe. ...
This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...
The Mill is a post production and visual effects company launched in 1990 with offices in London and New York. ...
hy*draulx, alternatively spelled HYDRAULX and Hydraulx, is a uniquely designed and operated award-winning visual effects (vfx) facility based in Santa Monica, California. ...
Image Engine, based in Vancouver, British Columbia, was formed in 1994 with the express purpose of providing outstanding computer generated visual effects. ...
Intelligent Creatures is a visual effects post-production company specializing in feature films with a fully integrated 2D & 3D pipeline. ...
// Mac Guff is a visual effects company based in both Los Angeles, USA and Paris, France. ...
Moving Picture Company (MPC) is one of the worlds leading post production facilities creating high-end digital visual effects and computer animation for the advertising, music, television and feature film industries. ...
Rhythm & Hues Studios is an Academy Award winning visual effects studio, founded in 1987 by six former employees of Robert Abel and Associates. ...
Rising Sun Pictures (RSP) is an Australian, Adelaide- and Sydney-based visual effects company. ...
Teamsters, armed with pipes, riot in a clash with riot police in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. ...
Surreal World is a digital visual effects and animation studio based in Melbourne, Australia. ...
Tippett Studio is an Academy Award winning visual effects company specializing in computer-generated imagery (CGI) for movies and television commercials. ...
Zoic Studios - written as ZOIC - is a special effects company based in Culver City, California which primarily deals with computer generated special effects for movies and television. ...
Intrigue is a VFX from Canada, which produces state of the art visual effects for the feature film industry. ...
References - Cinefex] magazine
- American Cinematographer magazine
- Special Effects: The History and Technique by Richard Rickitt
- Movie Magic: The History of Special Effects in the Cinema by John Brosnan (1974)
- Techniques of Special Effects Cinematography by Raymond Fielding (For many years, the standard technical reference. Current edition 1985)
- Special Effects: Titanic and Beyond The online companion site to the NOVA documentary (especially notable are the timeline and glossary)
- T. Porter and T. Duff, "Compositing Digital Images", Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '84, 18 (1984).
- The Art and Science of Digital Compositing (ISBN 0-12-133960-2)
- McClean, Shilo T. (2007). Digital Storytelling: The Narrative Power of Visual Effects in Film. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-13465-9.
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