The fuel value or relative energy density is the quantity of potential energy in fuel, food or other substance. Potential energy (U, or Ep), a kind of scalar potential, is energy by virtue of matter being able to move to a lower-energy state, releasing energy in some form. ... For the workstation, see SGI Fuel. ...

Some unit conversions:

• 1 eV/u = 160.2177 zJ/u = 96.4853 MJ/kg

using: An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by a single unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. ... The atomic mass unit (amu), unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. ...

• • 1 eV = 160.2177 zJ
  • 1 u = 1.66054 yg (or 1 kg = 602.2142 Yu)
• 1 gray = 1 J/kg, 1 rad = 0.01 J/kg (for an absorbed dose of radiation)

Some values: A gray, (symbol: Gy), is the SI unit of energy for the absorbed dose of radiation. ... The rad is an unit of radiation dose, with symbol rad. ...

• mass-energy equivalence 89.88 PJ/kg = 21.48 Mt TNT per kg = 149.3 pJ/u = 931.5 MeV/u
  • applies e.g. to electron-positron annihilation: 1/1836 u corresponds to 510 eV
• binding energy of helium 675 TJ/kg (28.3 MeV/atom)
• nuclear fusion 300 TJ/kg = 70 kt TNT per kg
• nuclear fission U-235 90 TJ/kg = 22 kt TNT per kg (210 MeV/atom)
• hydrogen 120 MJ/kg
• gasoline 44 MJ/kg
• fat 38 MJ/kg
• coal 23 - 29 MJ/kg
• sugar 17 MJ/kg
• wood 15 MJ/kg
• TNT 4.184 MJ/kg (according to definion of the unit of energy; it is 1 Mcal/kg where cal is the thermochemical calorie; the actual energy of TNT is about 4.6 MJ/kg)

For rocket fuel a more relevant quantity is the energy per unit mass including oxidizer. For example, to burn 1 kg of hydrogen, 8 kg of oxygen is needed, so that the high fuel value reduces to 13.3 MJ per kg propellant. Mass-energy equivalence is where mass has an energy equivalence, and energy has a mass equivalence. ... ... Electron-positron annihilation is the process that occurs when an electron (which is matter) and a positron (which is antimatter) collide. ... Binding energy is the energy required to disassemble a whole into separate parts. ... General Name, Symbol, Number helium, He, 2 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 4. ... The deuterium-tritium fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ... Sketch of induced nuclear fission, a neutron (n) strikes a uranium nucleus which splits into similar products (F. P.), and releases more neutrons to continue the process, and energy in the form of gamma and other radiation. ... Uranium-235 is an isotope of uranium that differs from the elements other common isotope, uranium-238, by its ability to cause a rapidly expanding fission chain reaction. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Gasoline, as it is known in North America, or petrol, in many Commonwealth countries (sometimes also called motor spirit) is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... // Fats in nutrition Fat is one of the three main classes of food and, at approximately 38 kJ (9 kilocalories) per gram, as compared to sugar with 17 kJ (4 kcal) per gram or ethanol with 29 kJ (7 kcal) per gram, the most concentrated form of metabolic energy available... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground either by underground mining, open-pit mining or strip mining. ... A sugar is a carbohydrate which is sweet to taste. ... A news/talk radio station on the frequency of 1300 AM in Grand Rapids, Michigan. ... Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a pale yellow crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon compound that melts at 354 K (178 °F, 81 °C). ... A calorie refers to a non-SI unit of energy. ... Rocket fuel is the propellant which is burned to produce thrust in rockets. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...

Also relevant is the density: since that is very low for liquid hydrogen, the energy per unit volume is not so high, hence a large and therefore heavy tank is needed. LH2 is an acronym used in the aerospace industry, which stands for Liquid Hydrogen. ...

For projectiles, compare the value for TNT with the energy of a kinetic kill vehicle with a closing speed of e.g. 10 km/s, which is 50 MJ/kg. A projectile is any object sent through the air by the application of some force. ...

The available energy from commercial explosives depends on their composition. The energy yield for ANFO is about 927 Kcal/kg depending on the heat value of fuel oil. Aluminised ones will yield as high as 1470 Kcal/kg (Brady et al, 1985). This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... ANFO stands for Ammonium Nitrate / Fuel Oil. ... A calorie refers to a non-SI unit of energy. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ...

 NH4NO3 + 2/3 Al = 2H2O + 1/3Al2O3 + N2 + 1975 (Kcal/kg) NH4NO3 + 1/3 CH2 = 7/3H2O + 1/3 CO2 + N2 + 986 (Kcal/kg) 

Relation with specific fuel consumption

Specific fuel consumption is the amount of fuel needed to do a given amount of work, e.g. a typical value for gasoline engines is 0.5 lb/hp.h = 0.3 kg/kWh, i.e. 1 kg per 12 MJ. The efficiency of the engine is the ratio of this 12 MJ and the 44 MJ mentioned above. In particular, part of the energy goes into heat. Specific fuel consumption, often shortened to SFC, is an engineering term that is used to describe the fuel efficiency of an engine design. ... Efficiency is the capability of acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. ...

See also

• specific power or Power per unit mass
• specific heat of vaporization
• specific heat capacity
• specific melting heat
• specific orbital energy
• binding energy
• Conversion of units for energy