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The term spinal nerve generally refers to the mixed spinal nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the spinal cord. The spinal nerve is the bit that passes out of the vertebrae through the intervertebral foramen. All spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Image File history File links Spinal_nerve. ...
Image File history File links Gray799. ...
The general somatic efferent fibers (or somatic motor fibers), efferent fibers, arise from cells in the anterior column of the spinal cord and pass out through the anterior roots to the voluntary muscles. ...
The general somatic afferent fibers (or somatic sensory fibers), afferent fibers, arise from cells in the spinal ganglia and are found in all the spinal nerves, except occasionally the first cervical, and conduct impulses of pain, touch and temperature from the surface of the body through the posterior roots to...
The general visceral efferent fibers (GVE or sympathetic efferent fibers), probably arise from cells in the lateral column or the base of the anterior column and emerge through the anterior roots and white rami communicantes. ...
The general visceral afferent fibers (or sympathetic afferent fibers), conduct sensory impulses from the viscera through the rami communicantes and posterior roots to the spinal cord. ...
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
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Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
When the vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the vertebral foramina constitute a canal for the protection of the medulla spinalis (spinal cord), while between every pair of vertebræ are two apertures, the intervertebral foramina...
The peripheral nervous system or PNS, is part of the nervous system, and consists of the nerves and neurons that reside or extend outside the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to serve the limbs and organs, for example. ...
Numbering
There are a total of 31 bilaterally-paired spinal nerves : The first to seventh cervical nerves (C1 to C7) exit from the vertebral canal above the respective cervical vertebra (that is to say, C1 exits above the first cervical vertebra; C2 exits above the second, and so forth). The C8 spinal nerve exits below the seventh cervical vertebra, and all the other spinal nerves leave below their corresponding vertebra. The Cervical Nerves—The posterior division of the first cervical or suboccipital nerve is larger than the anterior division, and emerges above the posterior arch of the atlas and beneath the vertebral artery. ...
The Thoracic Nerves—The medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch) of the posterior divisions of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the Semispinalis dorsi and Multifidus, which they supply; they then pierce the Rhomboidei and Trapezius, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. ...
The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Grays Fig. ...
The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. ...
The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. ...
The most distinctive characteristic of the seventh cervical vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. ...
Formation of the spinal nerves Inside the spinal cord, there is grey matter, surrounded by white matter. From out of the grey matter, two dorsal roots (one on the left side, and one on the right side) and two ventral roots emerge. (Dorsal means back, ventral means front.) As the body is symmetrical, the same thing happens on both the left and right side of the body. This happens in each vertebra of the spine. Grey matter is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of nerve cell bodies and short nerve cell extensions/processes (axons and dendrites). ...
White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. ...
penis ...
In anatomy and neurology, the ventral root is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. ...
- The ventral roots similarly continue out from the spinal column, and meet and mix with their corresponding dorsal nerve root at a point after the ganglion.
At this point, the combination of the dorsal roots and ventral roots is called a mixed spinal nerve. The mechanism of the reflex arc In the nervous system, afferent neurons--otherwise known as sensory or receptor neurons--carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. ...
Somatic sensation consists of the various sensory receptors that trigger the experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception). ...
An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ...
In the nervous system, efferent nerves otherwise known as motor or effector neuron carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous systemto effectors - either muscles or glands. ...
In vertebrates, motoneurons (also called motor neurons) are efferent neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers to facilitate muscle contraction and with muscle spindles to modify proprioceptive sensitivity. ...
An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ...
This is a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from a chicken embryo (around stage of day 7) after incubation overnight in NGF growth medium stained with anti-neurofilament antibody. ...
Fate of the spinal nerve After the dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form a spinal nerve, the nerve bifurcates into dorsal and ventral primary rami. Each primary ramus has two branches.
Dorsal - The dorsal primary ramus supplies the muscles and sensory nerves of the back.
The two main branches are a lateral and medial branch. The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. ...
Ventral - The ventral primary ramus supplies the rest of the body wall.
The two main branches are an anterior and lateral cutaneous branch. In addition, the anterior cutaneous bifurcates, forming a medial and lateral branch, while the lateral cutaneous branch splits into an anterior and posterior branch. These secondary and tertiary branches themselves typically have muscular and sensory branches that innervate the body wall. The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. ...
The ventral primary rami also give rise to the roots of the various nervous plexuses (e.g. the brachial plexus), which become the sensory and motor nerves of the limbs. PLEXUS (Physics Learning EXperience Using Software) is a name of project that was started by Vibor Cipan, physics student form Croatia and it is based on utilization of usage of computer technology to enhance learning of physics. ...
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ...
Before forming the plexuses, the ventral rami have two branches leading to a sympathetic ganglion. These ganglia connect to the one above and below them, forming the sympathetic chain. Grays FIG. 838– The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. ...
The Sympathetic Chain is a series of interconnected sympathetic ganglia, belonging to the autonomic nervous system. ...
Importance of the spinal nerves The muscles that one particular spinal root supplies are that nerve's myotome, and the dermatomes are the areas of sensory innervation on the skin for each spinal nerve. In vertebrate embryonic development, a group of tissues formed from somites that develop into the body wall muscle. ...
Dermatome has three meanings: in surgery, a surgical instrument used for slicing skin in order to perform skin grafts. ...
This is of great importance in the diagnosis of neurological disorders, as lesions of one or more nerve roots result in typical patterns of neurologic defects (muscle weakness, loss of sensation) that allow localisation of the causating lesion. In general, a diagnosis (plural diagnoses) has two distinct dictionary definitions. ...
Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. ...
See also Muscle Atrophy Muscle weakness (or lack of strength) is a direct term for It is the inability to exert force with ones muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individuals general physical fitness. ...
Additional images Cervical vertebra Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 560 pixelsFull resolution (1883 × 1317 pixel, file size: 253 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
| A portion of the spinal cord, showing its right lateral surface. The dura is opened and arranged to show the nerve roots. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
| Distribution of cutaneous nerves. Ventral aspect. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (418x850, 35 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Spinal nerve Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 16 Dermatomic area List of images in Gray...
| Distribution of cutaneous nerves. Dorsal aspect. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (400x850, 32 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Spinal nerve Wikipedia:Grays Anatomy images with missing articles 16 Dermatomic area List of images in Gray...
| The mechanism of the reflex arc Image File history File links ReflexArc1. ...
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External links | Nerves: spinal nerves | | Cervical | anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital, Greater occipital, Third occipital) | | Thoracic | anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves) | | Lumbar | anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal nerves) | | Sacral | anterior (Sacral plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves) | | Coccygeal | anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve) | | Anatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord | | Spinal nerve | Dorsal (Root, Ganglion, Ramus) • Ventral (Root, Ramus) • Sympathetic trunk • rami communicantes (Gray, White) | | Gray matter/Rexed laminae | Posterior horn (Column of Clarke, Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando, Nucleus proprius) • Lateral horn • Anterior horn • Central canal/Substantia gelatinosa centralis | | White matter: somatic/ascending (blue) | Posterior/PCML: Gracilis • Cuneatus eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ...
Nerves (yellow) Nerves redirects here. ...
The Cervical Nerves—The posterior division of the first cervical or suboccipital nerve is larger than the anterior division, and emerges above the posterior arch of the atlas and beneath the vertebral artery. ...
The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. ...
The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral roots of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment near the neck. ...
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. ...
The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. ...
The posterior branches of cervical nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the cervical nerves. ...
The first spinal nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. ...
The greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the lesser occipital nerve. ...
While under the Trapezius, the medial branch of the posterior division of the third cervical nerve gives off a branch called the third occipital nerve, which pierces the Trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower part of the back of the head. ...
The Thoracic Nerves—The medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch) of the posterior divisions of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the Semispinalis dorsi and Multifidus, which they supply; they then pierce the Rhomboidei and Trapezius, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. ...
The thoracic spinal nerves T3 through T12. ...
The lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve does not divide, like the others, into an anterior and a posterior branch; it is named the intercostobrachial nerve. ...
The anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named thoraco-abdominal nerves (or thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves). ...
The anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve (subcostal nerve) is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch. ...
The posterior branches of thoracic nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves. ...
The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Grays Fig. ...
The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve. ...
The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus. ...
The posterior branches of the lumbar nerves branch from the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves. ...
The superior clunial nerves innervate the skin of the upper part of the buttocks. ...
The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. ...
In human anatomy, the Sacral plexus refers to the nerve plexus emerging from the sacral vertebrae (S1-S4), and which provides nerves for the pelvis and lower limbs. ...
The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves are small, and diminish in size from above downward; they emerge, except the last, through the posterior sacral foramina. ...
The medial clunial nerves innervate the skin of the buttocks closest to the midline of the body. ...
The coccygeal nerve is the spinal nerve that corresponds to the coccyx bone. ...
The coccygeal plexus is a plexus of nerves near the coccyx bone. ...
The posterior division of the coccygeal nerve does not divide into a medial and a lateral branch, but receives a communicating branch from the last sacral; it is distributed to the skin over the back of the coccyx. ...
The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
penis ...
This is a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from a chicken embryo (around stage of day 7) after incubation overnight in NGF growth medium stained with anti-neurofilament antibody. ...
The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions. ...
In anatomy and neurology, the ventral root is the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve. ...
The ventral ramus (anterior ramus, anterior branch, anterior divisions of the spinal nerves) supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk, and the limbs; they are for the most part larger than the posterior divisions. ...
The sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) is a bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx. ...
Rami communicans (plural rami communicantes) is the term used for a nerve which connects two other nervers. ...
Each spinal nerve receives a branch, gray ramus communicans, from the adjacent ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. ...
The thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves each contribute a branch, white ramus communicans to the adjoining sympathetic ganglion. ...
Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of nerve cell bodies, glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes), capillaries, and short nerve cell extensions/processes (axons and dendrites). ...
Medulla spinalis - Substantia grisea The Rexed laminae comprise a system of ten layers of grey matter (I-X), identified in the early 1950s by Bror Rexed to label portions of the spinal cord. ...
The posterior horn of the spinal cord is dorsal(more towards the back) to the anterior horn. ...
The dorsal nucleus (column of Clarke, Clarkes columns, posterior thoracic nucleus) occupies the medial part of the base of the posterior column, and appears on the transverse section as a well-defined oval area. ...
The apex of the posterior column is capped by a V-shaped or crescentic mass of translucent, gelatinous neuroglia, termed the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando (or gelatinous substance of posterior horn of spinal cord), which contains both neuroglia cells, and small nerve cells. ...
The Nucleus proprius is a layer of the spinal cord adjacent to the substantia gelatinosa. ...
In the thoracic region, the postero-lateral part of the anterior column projects lateralward as a triangular field, which is named the lateral column (lateral cornu, lateral horn). ...
The anterior horn of the spinal cord (or anterior cornu, or anterior column) is the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord. ...
Cross-section through cervical spinal cord. ...
Throughout the cervical and thoracic regions the central canal is situated in the anterior third of the medulla spinalis; in the lumbar enlargement it is near the middle, and in the conus medullaris it approaches the posterior surface. ...
White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. ...
The portion of the medulla spinalis which lies between the posterolateral sulcus and the posterior median sulcus is named the posterior funiculus. ...
The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensation from the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
The fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach) is triangular on transverse section, and lies between the fasciculus gracilis and the posterior column, its base corresponding with the surface of the medulla spinalis. ...
Lateral: Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) • Spinothalamic (Lateral, Anterior) • Spinotectal • Posterolateral (Lissauer) The most lateral of the bundles of the anteior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line which separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. ...
The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the cerebellum. ...
The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs fasciculus, Flechsigs tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ...
The ventral spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. ...
The spinothalamic tract is a sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord that transmits information about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus. ...
The spinothalamic tract is the sensory pathway in the body that transmits pain, temperature, itch and crude touch. ...
The spinothalamic tract is the sensory pathway in the body that transmits pain, temperature, itch and crude touch. ...
The spinotectal tract (spinotectal fasciculus) is supposed to arise in the dorsal column and terminate in the inferior and superior colliculi. ...
The posterolateral tract (fasciculus of Lissauer, tract of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus) is a small strand situated in relation to the tip of the posterior column close to the entrance of the posterior nerve roots. ...
| | White matter: motor/descending (red) | Lateral: Corticospinal (Lateral) • Ep (Rubrospinal, Olivospinal) The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ...
The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ...
In human anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a neural network located in the brain that is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement. ...
The rubrospinal tract is part of the indirect extra-pyramidal tract and is responsible for large muscle movement such as the arms and the legs. ...
The olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg) arises in the vicinity of the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata, and is seen only in the cervical region of the medulla spinalis, where it forms a small triangular area at the periphery, close to the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots. ...
Anterior: Corticospinal (Anterior) • Ep (Vestibulospinal, Tectospinal, Reticulospinal) The most lateral of the bundles of the anterior nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line which separates the antero-lateral region into two parts, viz. ...
The anterior corticospinal tract (also called the direct pyramidal tract or anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus) is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. ...
The vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway. ...
The tectospinal tract is part of the indirect extrapyramidal tract and is responsible for coordinating head and eye movements, It is responsible for impulses that are motor. ...
The reticulospinal tract (or anterior reticulospinal tract) is an extrapyramidal motor tract which travels from the reticular formation. ...
| | Layers | Epidural space • Dura mater • Subdural space • Arachnoid mater • Subarachnoid space • Pia mater | | Other structures | Denticulate ligaments • Conus medullaris • Cauda equina • Filum terminale • Cervical enlargement • Lumbar enlargement • Anterior median fissure | | Vertebral column and spinal cord | | Vertebrae | cervical: C1 (Atlas) • C2 (Axis) • C3 • C4 • C5 • C6 • C7 (Vertebra prominens) thoracic: T1 • T2 • T3 • T4 • T5 • T6 • T7 • T8 • T9 • T10 • T11 • T12 The epidural space is a part of the human spine which is very close to the spinal cord, lying just outside the dura mater. ...
The dura mater (from the Latin hard mother), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. ...
The subdural space (or subdural cavity) is an artificial space created by the separation of the arachnoid mater from the dura mater as the result of trauma or pathologic process. ...
The Arachnoid mater is one of the three layers of the meninges, interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater and separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space. ...
The meninges (singular meninx) are the system of membranes that contain the brain. ...
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The pia mater has 21 pairs of denticulate ligaments which attach it to the arachnoid and dura maters. ...
The conus medullaris is the terminal end of the spinal cord. ...
The cauda equina is a structure within the lower end of the spinal column, that consists of nerve roots and rootlets from above. ...
The spinal cord is a part of the vertebrate nervous system that is enclosed in and protected by the vertebral column (it passes through the spinal canal). ...
The cervical enlargement corresponds with the attachments of the large nerves which supply the upper limbs. ...
The lumbar enlargement (or lumbosacral enlargement) gives attachment to the nerves which supply the lower limbs. ...
The anterior median fissure of the spinal cord has an average depth of about 3 mm, but this is increased in the lower part of the medulla spinalis. ...
The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ...
In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the topmost (first) cervical vertebra of the spine. ...
In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis or epistropheus. ...
The most distinctive characteristic of the seventh cervical vertebra is the existence of a long and prominent spinous process, hence the name vertebra prominens. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
A typical thoracic vertebra The thoracic vertebrae (vertebrae thoracales) compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. ...
lumbar: L1 • L2 • L3 • L4 • L5 The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen (hole) in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ...
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen (hole) in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ...
sacral: S1 • S2 • S3 • S4 • S5 For the record label, see Sacrum Torch. ...
coccygeal: Co1 • Co2 • Co3 • (Co4) • (Co5) | | Spinal nerves | cervical: C1 • C2 • C3 • C4 • C5 • C6 • C7 • C8 thoracic: T1 • T2 • T3 • T4 • T5 • T6 • T7 • T8 • T9 • T10 • T11 • T12 The coccyx is formed of up to five vertebrae. ...
The Cervical Nerves—The posterior division of the first cervical or suboccipital nerve is larger than the anterior division, and emerges above the posterior arch of the atlas and beneath the vertebral artery. ...
The Thoracic Nerves—The medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch) of the posterior divisions of the upper six thoracic nerves run between the Semispinalis dorsi and Multifidus, which they supply; they then pierce the Rhomboidei and Trapezius, and reach the skin by the sides of the spinous processes. ...
lumbar: L1 • L2 • L3 • L4 • L5 The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Grays Fig. ...
sacral: S1 • S2 • S3 • S4 • S5 The five sacral nerves emerge from the sacrum. ...
coccygeal: Co | |
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