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This article has been tagged since September 2006. Spinal stenosis
Classification & external resources | ICD-10 | M48.0 | | ICD-9 | 723-724 | Spinal stenosis is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the spinal cord and nerves. This is usually due to the natural process of spinal degeneration that occurs with aging. It can also sometimes be caused by spinal disc herniation, osteoporosis, or a tumour. Spinal stenosis may affect the cervical spine, the lumbar spine or both. Lumbar spinal stenosis results in low back pain as well as pain or abnormal sensations in the legs. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) is a coding of diseases and signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or diseases, as classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). ...
// M00-M99 - Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M25) Arthropathies (M00-M03) Infectious arthropathies (M00) Pyogenic arthritis (M01) Direct infections of joint in infectious and parasitic diseases classified elsewhere (M02) Reactive arthropathies (M023) Reiters disease (M03) Postinfective and reactive arthropathies in diseases classified elsewhere (M05-M14...
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
Medicine is the science and art of maintaining andor restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. ...
The spinal canal is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. ...
The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers or axons, which includes the glia that ensheath the axons in myelin. ...
A spinal disc herniation, incorrectly called a slipped disc, is a medical condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out. ...
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. ...
Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ...
In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are those vertebrae immediately behind (caudal to) the skull. ...
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen (hole) in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Low back pain. ...
“Hurting†redirects here. ...
Diagram of an insect leg A leg is the part of an animals body that supports the rest of the animal above the ground and is used for locomotion. ...
Cervical spinal stenosis
The main causes of cervical spinal stenosis (CSS) include cervical spondylosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), or calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 40. ...
CSS is more common in males than females, and is mainly found in the 40-60 year age group. The shield and spear of the Roman god Mars, which is also the alchemical symbol for iron, represents the male sex. ...
Look up Female in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Signs of CSS include spastic gait; upper extremity numbness; upper extremity, lower extremity weakness or both; radicular pain in the upper limb; sphincter disturbances; muscle wasting; sensory deficits; and reflex abnormalities. In medicine, a sign is a feature of disease as detected by the doctor. ...
Radicular Pain is pain experienced along the dermatome (or sensory distribution) of a nerve due to pressure on the nerve root. ...
In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ...
It has been suggested that Muscle weakness and Dystrophy be merged into this article or section. ...
A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc. ...
Diagnosis The best diagnostic and investigative tool is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while computed tomograghy (CT) is somewhat useful if MRI is unavailable. However, spinal stenosis can be found in asymptomatic patients.[1][2][3] Magnetic Resonance Image showing a median sagittal cross section through a human head. ...
CT apparatus in a hospital Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two...
Treatment If the problem is mild, treatment may be as simple as physical therapy and the use of a cervical collar. If severe, treatments include laminectomy, hemilaminectomy, or decompression. Physical therapy (or physiotherapy[1]) is the provision of services to people and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. ...
A cervical collar is a plastic, foam, or plastazole neck brace that can be rigid or soft and is used to secure the cervical vertebrae in the normal position. ...
Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ...
Hemilaminectomy is a surgical procedure in which only part of a vertebral lamina is removed in the spine. ...
Decompresion has several meanings: in physics, decompression is the release of pressure and is the opposition of compression in medicine, scuba diving and aviation, decompression can refer to a sickness in scuba diving, decompression can refer to a stop, a chamber, a buoy, a trapeze, tables or a computer in...
Lumbar spinal stenosis The main causes of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) include hypertrophy of the facet joints or osteoarthritis; spondylolisthesis; diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH); and degenerative disc disease. Bodybuilder Markus Rühl has marked hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. ...
A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one (lower) vertebra and the inferior articular process of the adjacent (higher) vertebra. ...
Osteoarthritis / Osteoarthrosis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease, arthrosis or in more colloquial terms wear and tear), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion inside joints. ...
Spondylolisthesis (not to be confused with spondylosis or spondylolysis), also known as hangmans fracture, is an anteroposterior translatory movement (displacement) of two spinal vertebrae in relationship to each other caused by instability between the two involved vertebrae. ...
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc, which is often called degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the spine, is a common disorder of the lower spine. ...
Usually, this condition occurs after the age of 50, and both genders are equally affected.
Signs of LSS include neurogenic intermittent claudication that causes leg pain, weakness, tingling and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Many of these leg symptoms are referred to as sciatica. Low back pain may or may not be present. With lumbar spinal stenosis, the patient's pain usually is worse while walking and will feel better after sitting down. The patient is usually more comfortable while leaning forward, such as walking while leaning on a shopping cart. Claudication, literally limping, is used as a medical term in various contexts. ...
A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc. ...
Sciatica is pain caused by general compression and/or irritation of one of five nerve roots that are branches of the sciatic nerve. ...
Diagnosis As with CSS, MRI is the best imaging procedure, though unlike with CSS, CT may be somewhat useful, and can be used if MRI is unavailable.
Treatment Treatment includes weight loss, and activity modification, such as using a walker to promote a certain posture. Epidural steroid injections may also help relieve the leg pain. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
// Look up walker in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
While not moving, a human can be in one of the following main positions. ...
An epidural catheter after insertion. ...
If the symptoms are more severe, a laminectomy or foraminotomy may be indicated to take pressure off the spinal nerve. Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ...
Foraminotomy is a medical operation used to relieve pressure on nerves that are being compressed by the intervertebral foramina, the passages through the bones of the vertebrae of the spine that pass nerve bundles to the body from the spinal cord. ...
Surgical laminectomy Regarding indications for laminectomy, a complicated, nonrandomized analysis of a randomized controlled trial of laminectomy[4], in patients with: Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ...
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a form of clinical trial, or scientific procedure used in the testing of the efficacy of medicines or medical procedures. ...
Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ...
- "neurogenic claudication or radicular leg pain with associated neurologic signs, spinal stenosis shown on cross-sectional imaging, and degenerative spondylolisthesis shown on lateral radiographs obtained with the patient in a standing position. The patients had had persistent symptoms for at least 12 weeks and had been confirmed as surgical candidates by their physicians. Patients with adjacent levels of stenosis were eligible; patients with spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis were not."
found that patients: - "treated surgically showed substantially greater improvement in pain and function during a period of 2 years than patients treated nonsurgically."
New surgical developments Recent developments include several new implants used in surgery to treat the symptoms of spinal stenosis, while preserving as much normal motion in the spine as possible. Three newer technologies include the X-Stop, the Wallis, and TOPS implants.[5] These mostly titanium implants (the Wallis Ligament is predominantly constructed out of PEEK) act to prevent extension of the stenotic segments and create slight flexion over the segment.
In November 2005 the X-STOP was approved by the FDA for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with moderate symptoms. This procedure is a much less invasive surgery than decompression, but the treatment is still new and effectiveness, indications and potential risks and complications won't be well understood until the procedure has been in use for a longer period. The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ...
External links - Spinal Stenosis - Information for Patients
- Spinal Stenosis (Patient information that has been peer-reviewed)
- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
- Cervical Disorders - Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation
References - ^ Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al (1987). "Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging". Radiology 164 (1): 83-8. PMID 3588931.
- ^ Boden SD, McCowin PR, Davis DO, Dina TS, Mark AS, Wiesel S (1990). "Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation". The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 72 (8): 1178-84. PMID 2398088.
- ^ Ernst CW, Stadnik TW, Peeters E, Breucq C, Osteaux MJ (2005). "Prevalence of annular tears and disc herniations on MR images of the cervical spine in symptom free volunteers". European journal of radiology 55 (3): 409-14. DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.11.003. PMID 16129249.
- ^ Weinstein JN, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, et al (2007). "Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (22): 2257-70. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa070302. PMID 17538085.
- ^ B. Stromqvist (2006). Lumbar Spinal Stenosis - Striving for Less Invasive Surgery.
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M, 710-739) | | Arthropathies | Arthritis (Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) - acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) - Chondromalacia patellae | Systemic connective
tissue disorders | Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjögren's syndrome - Behçet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility | | Dorsopathies | Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Sciatica, Lumbago, Low back pain) | | Soft tissue disorders | Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) - Synovitis - Tenosynovitis (Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - fibroblastic (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) - enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendonitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendonitis) - Myalgia | | Osteopathies | Osteoporosis - Pseudarthrosis - Stress fracture - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis | | Chondropathies | Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Köhler disease, Sever's disease) - Tietze's syndrome | | See also congenital conditions (Q65-Q79, 754-756) | |
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