A spoke is one of some number of rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface. A driving wheel on a steam locomotive. ... Hub may refer to the following: Look up Hub on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The center of a wheel. ... An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. ...

A spoked wheel on display at The National Museum of Iran, in Tehran. The wheel is dated to the late 2nd millennium BC and was excavated at Choqa Zanbil.

The term originally referred to portions of a log which had been split lengthwise into four or six sections. The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape. Eventually, the term spoke was more commonly applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work, than to the materials he used. Wheel on display at The National Museum of Iran, at Tehran. ... Wheel on display at The National Museum of Iran, at Tehran. ... Tehran is a metropolis of 14 million situated at the foot of the towering Alborz range. ... Choghazanbil ziggurat, Iran Choghazanbil ziggurat, another view Choqazanbil (also Choghazanbil) is an ancient ziggurat located in Iran. ... Wheelwright - a person that repairs and aligns defective wheels of automotive vehicles, such as automobiles, buses, and trucks. ...

Construction

Spokes can be made of wood or metal. Some types of wheel have removable spokes which can be replaced individually if they break or bend. These include bicycle and wheelchair wheels. High quality bicycles with conventional wheels use spokes of stainless steel, while cheaper bicycles may use galvanized (also called "rustless") or chrome plated spokes. This racing bicycle is built using lightweight, shaped aluminium tubing and carbon fiber stays and forks. ... Wheelchair seating A wheelchair is a mobility device used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness or disability. ... In metallurgy, stainless steel (inox) is defined as a ferrous alloy with a minimum of 10. ... Galvanization, named after the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, was originally the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday). ... Chrome plating is a finishing treatment utilizing the electrolytic deposition of chromium. ...

The original type of spoked wheel with wooden, fixed spokes was used for horse drawn carriages. For use in bicycles, such wheels proved too heavy, so wheels with spokes made of tensioned, adjustable metal wires were introduced. Although the tension-spoked wheel appears to work in a completely different way to the wagon wheel, it doesn't: only the bottom few spokes carry the load at any given time, and do so by reducing in tension in the same way that only the bottom few spokes of a wooden wagon wheel are in compression at any time. Constructing a tension-spoked wheel from its constituent parts is called wheelbuilding and requires some experience for a strong and long-lasting end product. Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The Horse (Equus caballus) is a sizeable ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus Equus. ... This racing bicycle is built using lightweight, shaped aluminium tubing and carbon fiber stays and forks. ... The art and science of assembling a wheel (generally a bicycle wheel, although such wheels are also used on motorcycles, wheelchairs and some cars) from its component rim, spokes, nipples and hub. ...

With the development of the automobile, these wire wheels, with their excellent weight to strength ratio, soon became popular for light vehicles. For everyday cars, wire wheels were soon replaced by the less expensive metal disc wheel or a light alloy wheel made from aluminium or magnesium, but wire wheels remained popular for sports cars up to the 1960s. A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. ... Honda NSX sports car A sports car is a type of automobile designed for sporting performance. ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Spoke Length

When building a bicycle wheel, the spokes must have the right length. If the spokes are too short, they can not be tightened. If they are too long they will touch the rim tape, possibly puncturing the tire. Here is a formula using the law of cosines: The art and science of assembling a wheel (generally a bicycle wheel, although such wheels are also used on motorcycles, wheelchairs and some cars) from its component rim, spokes, nipples and hub. ...

The desired spoke length is

where

• r₁ = spoke hole circle radius of the hub, for example 35mm,
• r₂ = nipple seat radius, equal to half the ERD of the rim, for example 301mm,
• a = distance from the central point to the flange (1/2 of the distance between the flanges for a front wheel, unequal figures for a rear wheel due to the cogs - both sides are not the same in that case).
• α = the angle from radial of the spokes. 360 degrees divided by half the spokes (for one side) would be one cross. For example, a 32 spoke wheel has 16 per side, 360 divided by 16 equals 22-1/2. Multiply 22.5 (one cross) by the number of crossings to get the angle - if 3 cross the 32 spoke wheel has an angle α of 67.5 degrees.

ISO 5775 is an international standard for labeling the size of bicycle tyres and rims. ...

See also

• Spoke wrench
• Spokeshave

A spoke wrench is a small wrench used to loosen or tighten the tension in a spoke. ... Spokeshaves A spokeshave is a tool used to straighten and smooth wooden rods and shafts, often for use as wheel spokes, chair legs or arrows. ...

External links

These pages are in german:

• Hub dynamo assembly instructions with spoke length formula and a nice diagram
• Online spoke length calculator, uses slightly different measures than the above formula