Sangwal or Srinagarindra, was the Princess Mother of Thailand. (born 21 October 1900 in Thon Buri – died 18 July 1995 in Bangkok). Her formal name and title were Somdet Phra Srinagarindra Boromarajajonani. Her name can also be written as Somdej Phra Sri Nakarindhara Boromaratchachonnani. In Thailand, the Princess Mother was affectionately called Somdet Ya (en: the Royal Grand Mother), and by the various hill tribe people, she was called Mae Fah Luang (Royal Mother from the sky, or also the heavenly Royal Mother). October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... 1900 is a common year starting on Monday. ... Thonburi (ธนบุรี) was capital of Thailand for a short time during the reign of King Taksin, after the previous capital Ayutthaya was sacked by the Burmese. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bangkok from the Chao Phraya River at sunset, July 2004 The Modern Bangkok Skyline. ... EN is an abbreviation for: Engineer English language (ISO 639) Evaluation notice Extension node CEN standard. ... A hill tribe is any one of around twenty ethnic groups living in Northern Thailand. ...

Early life

She was born as a commoner to a goldsmith. Her given name was Sangwal. By the time she became nine years old, both her parents already passed away. However before that, she was entered into the service of Princess Valaya Alongkorn, who was a daughter of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). A commoner, in British law, is someone who is neither the Sovereign nor a noble. ... A goldsmith creating a new ring A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with precious metals, usually to make jewellery. ... Sangwal is a given name in Thailand for females. ... In economics and marketing, a service is the non-material equivalent of a good. ... His Majesty King Rama V of Siam, with his son, later King Rama VI (portrait in National History Museum, Bangkok) King Chulalongkorn the Great or Rama V (royal name Phra Chula Chomklao Chaoyuhua) (September 20, 1853 - October 23, 1910) was the fifth king of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand. ...

Sangwal was first educated at Anongkaram School and later at Satri Widhaya School, a well known girl'’s school in Bangkok. She studied and graduated in 1916 from the school of nursing at Siriraj Hospital. Through the help of the Royal scholarship, she went to study abroad in the USA. She first went to the Emerson School in Berkeley, California, where she studied English. She continued after that at the North West School in Hartford, Connecticut. There she met and fell in love with Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkhla, son of King Chulalongkorn. 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Berkeley is the name of several places, all eventually deriving from Berkeley Castle in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, from whom the noble family of Berkeley derive their name, and for which several vessels of the British navy have been christened HMS Berkeley Castle. Any of the holders of several titles in the... State nickname: The Golden State Other U.S. States Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Official languages English Area 410,000 km² (3rd)  - Land 404,298 km²  - Water 20,047 km² (4. ... When used by itself in a sentence, the term Hartford can refer to one of several places in the United States. ... State nickname: The Constitution State Other U.S. States Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Governor M. Jodi Rell (R) Official languages English Area 14,371 km² (48th)  - Land 12,559 km²  - Water 1,809 km² (12. ... HRH Prince Mahidol Adulyadej of Songkla (Somdej Chao Fa Mahidol Adulyadej Kromma Khun Songkla Nakarin - สมเด็จฯ เจ้าฟ้ามหิดล อดุลยเดช กรมขุนสงขลานครินทร์) (January 1, 1892 _ September 24, 1929) was the father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand. ... Songkhla is both a city and a province in Thailand. ...

Marriage and family

In 1920, Prince Mahidol and the Princess returned to Bangkok and married. They had three children: 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

• Galyani Vadhana (born in 1923, in London, England);

• Ananda Mahidol (born 1925 in Heidelberg, Germany, became later King, Rama VIII);

• Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, later became King, Rama IX, and reigns today in Thailand).

The couple again returned to Thailand in 1928, however after only about one year in Thailand, Prince Mahidol passed away. He was survived by his consort, who was 29 years old, and the three young children. Galyani Vadhana, (born 6 May 1923, London, England), is a Princess of Thailand, the older sister of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... St. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Ethnicity... King Ananda Mahidol of Thailand: bust in the National History Museum, Bangkok King Ananda Mahidol or Rama VIII (short royal name: Phrabat Somdej Phra Paramenthara Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Athama Ramathibodinthra พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร (roughly HM King Ananda Mahidol, the Eighth Ruler)) (September 20, 1925 - June 9, 1946) was the eighth king of... 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Map of Germany showing Heidelberg Heidelberg (halfway between Stuttgart and Frankfurt) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX of Thailand His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great (ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช, actually pronounced Phumiphon Adunyadet), King Rama IX of Thailand, born December 5, 1927, has been King of Thailand since 1946. ... The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ... State nickname: Bay State Other U.S. States Capital Boston Largest city Boston Governor Mitt Romney (R) Official languages English Area 27,360 km² (44th)  - Land 20,317 km²  - Water 7,043 km² (25. ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1935 King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) abdicated. The Prince and Princess of Songkhla's eldest son, Prince Ananda Mahidol, then only 10 years old, inherited the throne. After the mysterious death of King Ananda Mahidol, her second son, Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) became ruler. 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... His Majesty King Rama VII of Thailand His Majesty King Prajadhipok (Rama VII, royal name พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว Phra Pokklao Chaoyuhua) (November 8, 1893 - May 30, 1941) was the seventh king of the Chakri dynasty. ... The Throne of Canada Thrones for The Queen of Canada, and the Duke of Edinburgh and the Governor General, in the Canadian Senate, Ottawa. ...

Royal duties

The Princess Mother was actively involved with numerous charitable activities. Her areas of activity ranged from giving assistance to the Border Patrol Police, visiting disabled soldiers, the needy, congested community dwellers, as well as initiating volunteer doctor units to help the hilltribe people in the north, She formed the Volunteer Doctors Foundation to support the activities of the Volunteer Doctor Units. She gave donations to help build schools in remote areas and invited others to help in the project. She also set up the Princess Mother's Fund to help support various other charities. The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. ... A Norwegian soldier (a Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend that country or its interests. ... Compass rose with north highlighted and at top North is one of the four cardinal directions, specifically the direction that, in Western culture, is treated as the primary direction: north is used (explicitly or implicitly) to define all other directions; the (visual) top edges of maps usually correspond to the... A donation is a gift to a fund or cause, usually for charitable reasons. ...

In her later years, Srinagarindra was strongly involved with projects to aid the hilltribe people in northern Thailand, especially around Doi Tung, Chiang Rai province. Nakorn Chiang Rai Nakorn Chiang Rai (thai เชียงราย) is a city in Amphoe Muang, Jangwat Chiang Rai northern Thailand. ... This article is about political regions. ...

In the middle of 1991, she apparently fell in her bedroom. Her health after that never returned to normal. In November 1993, December 1994 and again in June 1995 she had to be admitted to the Siriraj Hospital for treatment. She passed away on 18 July 1995, reaching the high age of 94. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... December is the twelfth and last month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Memorial

Her enormous cremation ceremony on March 10, 1996 was one of the biggest events Thailand ever witnessed in modern times, attended by thousands of people and watched nation-wide on television. Her ashes were afterwards enshrined in the Wat Ratchabophit temple in Bangkok. By all accounts Srinagarindra was highly respected and beloved in Thailand as a person of integrity and moral, and seemed to have had a very good relationship with her son. In remembrance of her, the king in 1993 set up The Princess Mother Memorial Park, which consists of her old house and gardens in Bangkok. The crematorium at Haycombe Cemetery, Bath, England. ... A ceremony is an activity, infused with ritual significance, performed on a certain occasion. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Kihryuzan Senjo-ji Temple, by Toyota Kokai (1780-1850) The word temple has different meanings in the fields of architecture, religion, geography, anatomy, and education. ... Integrity comprises the personal inner sense of wholeness deriving from honesty and consistent uprightness of character. ... Morality is a complex of principles based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which an individual determines whether his or her actions are right or wrong. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The Princess Mother Memorial Park is a park in Bangkok, Thailand. ...

Notes

There is some confusion why the Princess Mother was never titled Queen Mother, considering she was the mother of two kings. Since her husband was never king and only had the title of a prince, she never ascended as a queen-consort. Therefore she was given the title “Princess Mother” by her son. The Thai royal and noble titles signify distance of the bearers to the King. ... The term Queen Mother is a title often held by the mother of a reigning monarch. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ...

External links

• The Communications Authority of Thailand | the Princess Mother
• Mae Fa Luang Foundation | Royal Patron
• Doi Tung Development Project | the Princess Mother
• The Royal Thai Embassy in Washington DC | The Princess Mother of Thailand