Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, "manly"), called in the Orthodox tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter. Andrew is an English males personal name. ... ... Alternate meanings: See Apostle (Mormonism), The Apostle (1997 movie) The 12 Apostles (in Greek απόστολος apostolos= emissary) were probably Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth , by Jesus to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles, across... Statue of St Peter. ...

Andrew was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. Since he was a Jew, Andreas was almost certainly not his given name, but no Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. He had been a disciple of John the Baptist (John 1:37-40) and was one of the first to follow Jesus. He lived at Capernaum (Mark 1:29). In the gospel story he is referred to as being present on some important occasions as one of the disciples more closely attached to Jesus (Mark 13:3; John 6:8, 12:22); in Acts there is only a bare mention of him (1:13). Bethsaida (beth-sā´i-da; Βηθσαΐδά, Bēthsaidá, “house of fishing”) Bethsaida Julias A city east of the Jordan River, in a “desert place” (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32; Luke 9:10). ... Galilee (Hebrew hagalil הגליל, Arabic al-jaleel الجليل), meaning circuit, is a large area located in what is currently northern Israel (Tzafon), traditionally divided into three parts: Upper Galilee, Lower Galilee and Western Galilee. ... John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. ... The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the sequence of the canon as printed in the New Testament, and scholars agree it was the fourth to be written. ... The neutrality and accuracy of this article are disputed. ... Capernaum (Kfar Nahum) was a settlement on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. ... The Gospel of Mark is the second in the familiar sequence of the New Testament Gospels, as they were established by Jerome and appear in many but not all early manuscripts of complete gospels, and as they are commonly printed. ... The Acts of the Apostles (Greek Praxeis Apostolon) is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ...

The Kievan hill where St. Andrew is said to have erected the cross is commemorated by the cathedral dedicated in his name.

Eusebius quotes Origen as saying Andrew preached in Asia Minor and in Scythia, along the Black Sea as far as the Volga. Hence he became a patron saint of Romania and Russia. Traditionally, he was the first bishop of Byzantium, a position which would later become Patriarch of Constantinople. The church of St Andrew in Kiev (1749-54) was built on a hill where, according to the legend, St Andrew the Apostle erected a cross and baptised local inhabitants. ... The church of St Andrew in Kiev (1749-54) was built on a hill where, according to the legend, St Andrew the Apostle erected a cross and baptised local inhabitants. ... Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. ... Eusebius of Caesarea (~275 – May 30, 339) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, Eusebius [the friend of] Pamphilus) was a bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. ... Origen was a Christian scholar and theologian and one of the most distinguished of the Fathers of the early Christian Church. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who holds a specific position of authority in any of a number of Christian churches. ... Byzantium was the original name of the modern city of Istanbul. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion. ...

He is said to have suffered crucifixion at Patras (Patrae) in Achaea, on a cross of the form called Crux decussata (X-shaped cross) and commonly known as "St Andrew's cross". According to tradition his relics were removed from Patras to Constantinople, and thence to St Andrews (see below). This article needs cleanup. ... This article is about the modern Greek district Achaea. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Location within the British Isles. ...

The apocryphal Acts of Andrew, mentioned by Eusebius, Epiphanius and others, is among a disparate group Acts of Apostles that were traditionally attributed to Leucius Charinus. "These Acts may be the latest of the five leading apostolic romances. They belong to the third century: ca. A.D. 260," was the opinion of C.R. James, who edited them in 1924. The Acts, as well as a Gospel of St Andrew, appear among rejected books in the Decretum Gelasianum connected with the name of Pope Gelasius I. The Acts of Andrew was edited and published by Constantin von Tischendorf in the Acta Apostolorum apocrypha (Leipzig, 1821), putting it for the first time into the hands of a critical professional readership. Another version of the Andrew legend is found in the Passio Andreae, published by Max Bonnet (Supplementum II Codicis apocryphi, Paris, 1895). In Judeo-Christian theology, the word apocrypha (Greek απόκρυφα, neuter plural of απόκρυφος, hidden) refers to texts that are not considered canonical, part of the Bible, but are of roughly similar style and age as the accepted Scriptures. ... The Acts of Andrew in the surviving version is probably a 3rd century work, according to Jean-Marc Prieur in The Anchor Bible Dictionary (vol. ... Eusebius of Caesarea (~275 – May 30, 339) (often called Eusebius Pamphili, Eusebius [the friend of] Pamphilus) was a bishop of Caesarea in Palestine and is often referred to as the father of church history because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church. ... Epiphanius (born 310 in Palestine, died on Cyprus 402) was a Church Father and strong defender of orthodoxy, known for tracking down deviant teachings (heresies) wherever they could be traced. ... Leucius Charinus was, according to tradition, a disciple of St. ... The so-called Decretum Gelasianum or Gelasian Decree was traditionally attributed to the prolific Pope Gelasius I, bishop of Rome 492 - 496. ... Gelasius I was Pope (492 - 496). ... Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (Langenfeld, Saxony January 18, 1815- Leipzig December 7, 1874) was a noted German Biblical scholar who recovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in 1859. ... Map of Germany showing Leipzig Leipzig [ˈlaiptsɪç] (Polish; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ...

Andrew is represented in art as an old man with long white hair and a beard, holding the Gospel in his right hand, and leaning on his characteristic saltire cross. The arms of St Albans: a gold saltire on a blue field A saltire is an X-shaped figure in heraldry. ...

Scottish legends

About the middle of the 8th century, Andrew became the patron saint of Scotland. Concerning this there are several legends which state that the relics of Andrew were brought under supernatural guidance from Constantinople to the place where the modern St Andrews stands (Pictish, Muckross; Gaelic, Kilrymont). (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... In several forms of Christianity, a patron saint has special affinity for a trade or group. ... Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ... Location within the British Isles. ... Goidelic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Brythonic). ...

The Saltire (or "St Andrew's Cross") is the national flag of Scotland.

The oldest surviving accounts are two: one among the manuscripts collected by Colbert and willed to the King, now in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, the other in the Harleian Mss in the British Library, London. They state that the relics of Andrew were brought by one Regulus to the Pictish king Angus (or Ungus) Macfergus (c. 731-761). The only historical Regulus (Riagail or Rule)—name is preserved by the tower of St Rule— was an Irish monk expelled from Ireland with St Columba; his date, however, is c. 573-600. There are good reasons for supposing that the relics were originally in the collection of Acca, bishop of Hexham, who took them into Pictish country when he was driven from Hexham (c. 732), and founded a see, not, according to tradition, in Galloway, but on the site of St Andrews. The connection with Regulus is, therefore, due in all probability to the desire to date the foundation of the church at St Andrews as early as possible. Flag of Scotland (Historical) Ratio 3:5 430 × 260 pixels 2041 bytes There is an alternate flag with a lighter blue coloring: File links The following pages link to this file: Aberdeenshire (unitary) Angus Act of Union 1707 Cross Chelsea F.C. England England national football team Fulham F.C... Flag of Scotland (Historical) Ratio 3:5 430 × 260 pixels 2041 bytes There is an alternate flag with a lighter blue coloring: File links The following pages link to this file: Aberdeenshire (unitary) Angus Act of Union 1707 Cross Chelsea F.C. England England national football team Fulham F.C... Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (August 29, 1619 – September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance for 22 years under King Louis XIV. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy... The new buildings of the library. ... Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer (5 December 1661 - 21 May 1724), was an English statesman of the Stuart and early Georgian periods. ... British Library main building, London The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and one of the worlds largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items and adding some 3 million every year. ... The Picts inhabited Pictavia or Pictland - Caledonia (Scotland), north of the River Forth - prior to the Scotticisation of the area. ... Saint Columba (7 December 521 _ 9 June 597), the Latinized version of the Irish name Colmcille (Old Irish Columb Cille) meaning Dove of the church, was an Irish missionary monk who helped re_introduce Christianity to Scotland and the north of England. ...

Another legend says that in the late 8th century, during a joint battle with the English, King Oengus mac Fergus of the Picts and King Eochaid IV of Dalriada, saw a cloud shaped like a saltire, and declared Andrew was watching over them, and if they won by his grace, then he would be their patron saint. However, as noted above, there is evidence Andrew was venerated in Scotland before this, and the two kings in question do not appear to have ruled at the same time. A legend (Latin, legenda, things to be read) is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... The Picts inhabited Pictavia or Pictland - Caledonia (Scotland), north of the River Forth - prior to the Scotticisation of the area. ... Eochaid IV of Dalriada, also known as Eochaid the Venomous Eochaid IV was king of Dalriada. ... The arms of St Albans: a gold saltire on a blue field A saltire is an X-shaped figure in heraldry. ...

A third theory as to Andrew's connection with Scotland is that, following the Synod of Whitby, the Celtic Church felt that Columba had been "outranked" by Peter. They therefore decided that the patron of the Celtic Church would now be Peter's older brother. While a satisfying piece of folklore, there is no more evidence for this than any other theory. The Synod of Whitby was an important alleged synod which led to the unification of the church in England. ... Celtic Christianity is Christianity as it was first received and practised by communities with Celtic backgrounds that observed certain practices divergent from those in the rest of Europe. ... Folklore is the ethnographic concept of the tales, legends, or superstitions current among a particular ethnic population, a part of the oral history of a particular culture. ...

The 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, which declared Scottish independence from England, cites Scotland's conversion to Christianity by St. Andrew, "the first to be an Apostle", as evidence of Scotland being held in especially high regard by God. Events January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ... The Declaration of Arbroath. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... The term God is used to designate a Supreme Being, however, there are countless definitions of God. ...

Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland, Russia, and Romania. The flag of Scotland (and consequently the Union Flag and the arms and Flag of Nova Scotia) feature a saltire in commemoration of the shape of St. Andrew's cross. General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ... The flag of Scotland, with a traditionally coloured field (roughly Pantone300). ... Flag Ratio: 1:2 The Union Flag or Union Jack is the flag most commonly associated with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and was also used throughout the former British Empire. ... The coat of arms of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, officially the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the Province of Nova Scotia, is the oldest provincial achievement of arms in Canada, and the oldest British coat of arms outside Great Britain. ... Categories: Stub | Nova Scotia | Flags of Canada ... The arms of St Albans: a gold saltire on a blue field A saltire is an X-shaped figure in heraldry. ...

Saint Andrew's Cross

Saint Andrew's Cross can refer to the national Flag of Scotland, a white saltire on a blue field, or the naval jack of Russia, a blue saltire on a white field. The flag of Scotland, with a traditionally coloured field (roughly Pantone300). ... In heraldry the background of the shield is called the field . ...

Saint Andrew's Cross is also a type of bondage furniture based on a diagonal cross, specifically a (usually) wooden cross in the shap of an X, with shackles or cuffs for the wrists and ankles, and often footrests as well. The origin of the name is because St. Andrew is a patron saint of both Russia and Scotland and he is said to have been martyred on a diagonal cross. A Saint Andrews Cross, also known as an X-Cross is an item of BDSM furniture based on a diagonal cross, specifically a (usually) wooden cross in the shape of an X, with shackles or cuffs for the wrists and ankles, and often footrests as well. ... This is a list of sexual bondage equipment and restraints: Restraints, including: Ball gag Bit gag Bondage cuffs Bondage mittens Bondage harness Bondage belt Bondage Opera Gloves Breast binder Chastity belts Corsets D-rings Elbow harness Hobble skirt Leg spreaders / spreader bars Medical restraints Monoglove Panic snaps Suspension cuffs Stocks... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for his or her religious faith. ...

Feast day

St. Andrew's Day is observed on November 30 in both the Eastern and Western churches. November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ...

External links

• Texts of The Acts of Andrew The Acts and Martyrdom of Andrew and The Acts of Andrew and Matthew (http://www.gnosis.org/library/cac.htm)