Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. Clair River connecting it to Lake Huron (to the North) and Detroit River connecting it to Lake Erie (to the South)

Great Lakes freighters navigating on the lower St. Clair River. View is from the U.S. side, looking across to Canada.

The St. Clair River is a river in central North America which drains Lake Huron into Lake St Clair, forming part of the International Boundary between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan. The river is also a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway with shipping channels permitting cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (684x851, 174 KB) Summary Lake St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (684x851, 174 KB) Summary Lake St. ... Public beach on Lake St. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 561 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1051 pixel, file size: 641 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 561 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 1051 pixel, file size: 641 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ... A public beach on Lake St. ... Canada and the United States of America share the longest common border among any two countries that is not militarized or actively patrolled. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... The Great Lakes Waterway is a system of channels and canals that makes all of the Great Lakes accessible to oceangoing vessels. ... This article is about transported goods. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Location

The river, which some consider a "strait,"[1] flows in a southerly direction, connecting the southern end of Lake Huron to the northern end of Lake St. Clair. It branches into several channels near its mouth at Lake St. Clair, creating a broad delta region. Simplified diagram A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ... Public beach on Lake St. ... In physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. ... Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ...

Size

The river is 39 miles (64 km) long and drops 5 feet (1.5 m) in elevation from Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair. The flow rate averages around 182,000 cubic feet per second (5,200 m³/s), and the drainage area is 222,400 square miles (576,000 km²). This takes into account the combined drainage areas of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. It has been suggested that Thousand Cubic Feet be merged into this article or section. ... Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ... --67. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ...

The shipping channel on Lake St. Clair itself is 35 miles (56 km) long from the end of the St. Clair River to the beginning of the Detroit River. The Detroit River is 32 miles (51 km) long and drops 3 feet (1 m) in elevation from Lake St. Clair to its mouth at Lake Erie. The Detroit River discharges an average of 186,000 cubic feet per second (5,300 m³/s) into Lake Erie. Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ...

History

In the 1700s, French voyageurs travelled on the river in canoes loaded with furs destined to adorn Europe's royalty. Ships built at Marine City, Michigan during the mid-1800s carried immigrants up the river on their way to new homes in the American West. During the 20th century, freighters returned from the upper Great Lakes with iron ore, copper, grain - products of some of these settlers' labor. The coureurs des bois (runners of the woods) or voyageurs (travellers) is the name given to the men who engaged in the fur trade directly with the Amerindians in North America from the time of New France up through the 19th century, when much of the continent was still mostly... It has been suggested that Canadian canoe be merged into this article or section. ... Marine City is a city located in St. ... // Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... This article is about cereals in general. ...

Watersheds

Head of river looking into Lake Huron, showing the twin Blue Water Bridge

The St. Clair River and its Lambton County tributaries in Ontario contributes 103,210 acres (418 km²) to the watershed, although this does not include the Sydenham River watershed. In Michigan, the Black River, Pine River, and Belle River drain 780,600 acres (3,159 km²) in Lapeer, Macomb, Sanilac, and St. Clair counties; the watersheds around Bunce Creek and Marine City are relatively small. Photo of 2nd Blue Water Bridge From the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Excellence in Highway Design 1998 Biennial Awards: [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Photo of 2nd Blue Water Bridge From the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Excellence in Highway Design 1998 Biennial Awards: [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ... The newer Blue Water Bridge is in the foreground, the older bridge is behind. ... Lambton County, Ontario is a census division of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (blue outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (green lines) of a contiguous area. ... The Sydenham River is a river in Kent County and Middlesex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada flows southwest from its source west of London, Ontario and empties into Lake Saint Clair. ... Black River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan, flowing into the St. ... There are nine rivers with the name Pine River in the U.S. state of Michigan: Pine River (Alcona/Iosco Counties) Pine River (Arenac County) Pine River (Charlevoix County) Pine River (Chippewa/Mackinac Counties) Pine River (Dickenson County) Pine River (Lake/Manistee/Osceola/Wexford Counties), also called South Branch of... The Belle River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan, flowing into the St. ... Lapeer County is a county located in the state of Michigan. ... Macomb County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Sanilac County is a county located in the state of Michigan. ... St. ... Marine City is a city located in St. ...

Islands

• Stag Island lies between Corunna, Ontario and Marysville, Michigan.
• Fawn Island is near Port Lambton, Ontario and Marine City, Michigan.
  
• Walpole, Seaway, Bassett, Squirrel, Pottowatamie, St. Anne, Dickinson, Russell and Harsens islands are located where the St. Clair River flows into Lake St. Clair near Algonac, Michigan; these islands form the "St. Clair Flats", the only major river delta in the Great Lakes and the largest freshwater delta in North America. Six of the islands in this delta are Crown lands being used by the Walpole Island First Nation.

Corunna is a community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, located on the St. ... Marysville is a city in St. ... View of St. ... Marine City is a city located in St. ... Walpole Island is an island in southwestern Ontario, Canada on the border between Ontario and Michigan in the United States. ... Russell Island is a small island between Algonac, Michigan, and Walpole Island, Ontario. ... 69. ... Algonac is a city located in St. ... For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... First Nations is a common title used in Canada to describe the various societies of indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, who are not of Inuit or Métis descent. ...

Land usage

Most of the watershed away from the river in Ontario and Michigan is used for agriculture. A few forest and wetland remnants are present, although their area has declined significantly since European settlement. This article is about a community of trees. ... A subtropical wetland in Florida, USA, with an endangered American Crocodile. ...

Much of the shoreline on both sides of the St. Clair River is urbanized and heavily industrialized. Intensive development has occurred in and near the cities of Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario. The heaviest concentration of industry (including a large petrochemical complex) lies along the Ontario shore south of Sarnia. A statue of Thomas Edison with the Blue Water Bridge in the background. ... Sarnia is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada (city population 71,419, census area population 88,793, in 2006). ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ...

Several communities along the St. Clair rely on the river as their primary source of drinking water. About one-third to one-half of the residents of Michigan receive their water from the St. Clair/Detroit River waterway. Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ...

Industries -- including petroleum refineries, chemical manufacturers, paper mills, salt producers and electric power plants -- also need high quality water for their operations, although there have been some cases in recent years where these industries have contaminated river waters after discharging pollutants. View of Shell Oil Refinery in Martinez, California. ... A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus. ... Edible salt is mostly sodium chloride (NaCl). ... A power station (also power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ... Pollutants are substances which directly or indirectly damage us or the environment. ...

Land habitat

Land areas of the St. Clair River shoreline and flats consist of two biological zones: upland and transitional, both of which are normally above the water table, but which may be flooded periodically. Shore A shore or shoreline is the land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. ... Mudflats in Brewster, Massachusetts extending hundreds of yards offshore at the low tide. ... Cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table The water table or phreatic surface is the surface where the water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. ... Flooding in Amphoe Sena, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. ...

The upland forests consist of deciduous species, many of which are near their northern climatic limit. Most pre-European settlement trees have been cleared for agriculture, industry, or urbanization. Remaining forest stands, such as oak savannas as well as lakeplain prairies, are found along the southern reaches of the river, particularly on the islands of the St. Clair River Delta and on the Michigan shore in Algonac State Park. Deciduous forest after leaf fall Like many deciduous plants, Forsythia flowers during the leafless season For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus (from Latin oak tree), and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ... Algonac State Park is a 1,450 acre (5. ...

Transitional species are abundant in the low-lying regions, categorized as shrub ecotones, wet meadows, sedge marshes, and island shorelines and beaches. This habitat is home to water and land mammals, including humans, as well as songbirds, waterfowl, insects, pollinators, reptiles, and amphibians. A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... For other uses, see Ecotone (disambiguation). ... A meadow is a tract of grassland, either in its natural state or used as pasture or for growing hay. ... Genera See text The family Cyperaceae, or the Sedge family, is a taxon of monocot flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... Beaches is a 1988 movie adapted by Mary Agnes Donoghue from the novel Beaches by Iris Rainer Dart. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... A songbird is a bird belonging to the suborder Oscines of Passeriformes (ca. ... Falcated Duck at Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands centre, Gloucestershire, England Wildfowl or waterfowl, also waterbirds, is the collective term for the approximately 147 species of swans, geese and ducks, classified in the order Anseriformes, family Anatidae. ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets... A pollinator is the agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain. ... Orders  Crocodilia - Crocodilians scary crocodiles. ... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ...

Water habitat

The aquatic habitat of the St. Clair River ranges from deep and fast near the Blue Water Bridge to shallow and slow in the lower river near its discharge point into Lake St. Clair. Freshwater angelfish Freshwater biology is a field of biology that studies the life and ecosystems of freshwater habitats. ... The newer Blue Water Bridge is in the foreground, the older bridge is behind. ...

Each area provides a unique habitat for aquatic life:

• macrophytes (visible marine plants),
• benthic macroinvertebrates (organisms that live at the bottom of a lake or stream),
• phytoplankton and zooplankton (floating plants and animals),
• emergent vegetation (plants seen above the water surface),
• fish (from minnows to large sport fish).

u fuck in ua ... In marine geology and biology, benthos are the organisms and habitats of the sea floor; in freshwater biology they are the organisms and habitats of the bottoms of lakes, rivers, and creeks. ... The term macroinvertebrates is traditionally used to refer to aquatic invertebrates including insects (e. ... Life on Earth redirects here. ... Diagrams of some typical phytoplankton Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of plankton. ... Photomontage of plankton organisms Plankton is the aggregate community of weakly swimming but mostly drifting small organisms that inhabit the water column of the ocean, seas, and bodies of freshwater. ... Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants, and is, by far, the most abundant biotic element of the biosphere. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ...

Area of concern

The St. Clair River is listed as an Area of Concern (AOC) because of pollutants such as bacteria, heavy metals, and toxic organics, which had come from municipal and industrial discharges, urban and rural runoff, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), and contaminated sediments. Phyla Actinobacteria Aquificae Chlamydiae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Lentisphaerae Nitrospirae Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Verrucomicrobia Bacteria (singular: bacterium) are unicellular microorganisms. ... A heavy metal is any of a number of higher atomic weight elements, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature. ... Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Benzene is the simplest of the arenes, a family of organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen; therefore, carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon are not organic (see below for more on the definition controversy... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Run-off, composed of a mixture of water and soil along with any other organic or inorganic substances that may exist in the land, is the product of precipitation, snowmelt, over-irrigation, or other water coming in contact with the earth and carrying matter to streams, rivers, lakes, and other... Air pollution Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (whether chemical substances, or energy such as noise, heat, or light) into the environment to such a point that its effects become harmful to human health, other living organisms, or the environment. ... Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. ...

The St. Clair River AOC includes the entire river, from the Blue Water Bridge to the southern tip of Seaway Island, west to St. Johns Marsh and east to include the north shore of Mitchells Bay on Lake St. Clair. Anchor Bay is not included. Anchor Bay Entertainment: the home video/television distribution company. ...

Through the Great Lakes agreement, a Remedial Action Plan (RAP) was created to initiate cleanup measures. It consists of six steps:

• Restrictions on fish consumption
• Bird and animal deformities
• Degradation of benthos
• Restrictions on dredging activities
• Restrictions on drinking water consumption
• Beach closings
• Degradation of aesthetics
• Added cost to agriculture and industry
• Loss of fish and wildlife habitat

The RAP for the St. Clair River AOC was initiated in 1985. A binational group, called the RAP Team, was established in 1987 to develop the plan and ensure adequate and appropriate public involvement. The RAP Team included representatives from federal, state, and provincial governments. Seagrass growing off the coast of the Florida Keys. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Parthenons facade showing an interpretation of golden rectangles in its proportions. ... This article is about the year. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ...

Crossings

This is a list of bridges and other crossings of the St. Clair River from Lake St. Clair upstream to Lake Huron. This article is about the edifice (including an index to articles on specific bridge types). ... There are a number of lakes named Lake Saint Clair or Lake St Clair. ... Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron. ...

Crossing	Carries	Location	Coordinates
Russell Island Ferry		Algonac, Michigan and Russell Island, Michigan
Walpole-Algonac Ferry		Algonac, Michigan and Walpole Island, Ontario
Sombra-Marine City (Bluewater) Ferry	M-29 St. Clair Parkway	Marine City, Michigan and Sombra, Ontario
St. Clair Tunnel	Canadian National Railway	Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario
Blue Water Bridge	I-69 I-94 Highway 402