St. John River
The course of the St. John River
Origin	Northwestern Maine
Mouth	Bay of Fundy at Saint John, NB
Basin countries	United States, Canada
Length	673 km (418 mi)
Source elevation	360 m (1,181 ft)
Avg. discharge	9,913 m³/s (35,000 ft³/s)
Watershed area	54,986 km² (21,230 mi²)

The Saint John River is a river, approximately 418 mi (673 km) long, located in the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It forms part of the Canada-US border in two places along its length. The river drains an area of approximately 55,000 km², of which slightly more than half is located in New Brunswick. The St. John is also the second longest river on North America's Atlantic coastline (between the St. Lawrence River and the Mississippi River). Only the Susquehanna is longer. A section of the St. John River near Fredericton is nicknamed the "Rhine of North America", in reference to its popularity for recreational boating. Image File history File links St_John_River_Map. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Official languages None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci (D) Senators Olympia Snowe (R) Susan Collins (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 13. ... The Bay of Fundy is a bay located on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. ... Saint John is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... A watershed is a region of land where water drains downhill into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, ocean or wetland. ... The source of a river or stream may be a lake, a spring, or a collection of headwaters. ... In hydrology, the discharge of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. ... A watershed is a region of land where water drains downhill into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, ocean or wetland. ... A U.S. state is any one of the fifty states (four of which officially favor the term commonwealth) which, with the District of Columbia, forms the United States of America. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Official languages None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci (D) Senators Olympia Snowe (R) Susan Collins (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 13. ... Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Official languages English, French Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 10 10 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 11th 72 908 km² 2. ... ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 km² and 100,000 km². ... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... This page is about the river in the United States; there is also a Canadian Mississippi River (Ontario). ... The Susquehanna River is a river in the northeastern United States. ...

Description

The St. John rises in Somerset County in northwestern Maine and flows northeast through western Aroostook County for a distance. Near Allagash, it is joined by the Allagash River. The portion of the St. John River that lies entirely in Maine is essentially a wilderness waterway. Below St. Francis, the Saint John begins to form part of the International Boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. Somerset County is a county located in the state of Maine. ... Location in the state of Maine Formed 1839 Seat Houlton Area  - Total  - Water 17,686 km² (6,829 mi²) 407 km² (157 mi²) 2. ... Allagash is a town located in Aroostook County, Maine. ... The Allagash River is a tributary of the St. ... State nickname: The Pine Tree State Official languages None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Governor John Baldacci (D) Senators Olympia Snowe (R) Susan Collins (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 13. ... St. ... ...

Continuing its northeast course, the river passes Fort Kent, Maine, and then flows between Edmundston, New Brunswick and Madawaska, Maine, where it turns southeast, then passes between Van Buren, Maine and St. Leonard, New Brunswick. Near Grand Falls, New Brunswick the river enters entirely into New Brunswick, and changes direction to flow due south through the fertile Upper St. John River Valley, framed by the rising hills of the Appalachian range in Victoria and Carleton counties. At Perth-Andover, the river is joined by the Aroostook and the Tobique rivers. Fort Kent is a town located in Aroostook County, Maine. ... Edmunston in 1872. ... Madawaska is a town located in Aroostook County, Maine. ... Van Buren is a town located in Aroostook County, Maine. ... Grand Falls (French: Grand-Sault) is a town in New Brunswick, Canada and is also the location of a series of rock ledges over which the St. ... A rainy day in the Great Smoky Mountains, Western North Carolina The Appalachian Mountains are a vast system of North American mountains, partly in Canada, but mostly in the United States, extending as a zone, from 100 to 300 miles wide, running from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, 1500 miles south... Victoria County (2001 population 21,172) is located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. ... Carleton County redirects here, For the historical county in Ontario, see Carleton County, Ontario Carleton County (2001 population 27,184) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada. ... Perth-Andover is a village in Victoria County, New Brunswick, Canada. ... The Aroostook River is a tributary of the St. ...

Further south at Woodstock the river leaves the Upper Valley and turns southeast away from the border region, eventually passing through New Brunswick's capital city Fredericton (where it becomes navigable), and the military town of Oromocto. Turning south from Oromocto, the river is joined by the short Jemseg River which empties New Brunswick's largest lake, Grand Lake. South of Fredericton the river becomes broad and shallow and it meanders through many low islands used for pastureland during dry periods in summer and fall. The Town of Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada is located in Western New Brunswick at 46. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Fredericpolis silvae filia noblis (Fredericton noble daughter of the forest) Image:Fredericton, New Brunswick Location. ... Oromocto is a town in west-central New Brunswick, Canada; approximately 20 kilometres southeast of Fredericton on the Saint John River. ...

South of the Jemseg, the Saint John River is surrounded by the low hills of the St. Croix Highlands - another component of the Appalachian range and it is joined by several lateral bays, including Belleisle Bay and the Kennebecasis River. The Saint John River meets the Bay of Fundy at the industrial city of Saint John. At the river's mouth, there is a unique phenomenon caused by the high tides of the Bay. These tides are the highest in the world and cause the river to reverse it's flow twice a day in a narrow gorge in the city's centre, called the Reversing Falls Rapids. A long bay off the Saint John River, which is about 10 kilometers long, by 1 kilometer wide. ... Kennebecasis River, pronounced ke-ne-buh-KAY-sis, is about 97 kilometres long and is in New Brunswick, Canada. ... The Bay of Fundy is a bay located on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. ... Saint John is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... The Reversing Falls Rapids (also referred to as Reversing Falls) are located in Saint John, New Brunswick in a narrow gorge where the Saint John River empties into the Bay of Fundy. ...

History

Members of the Maliseet Nation have historically called the river "Wolastoq", meaning "good and beautiful river". In 1604, parts of the lower river were explored by Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de Monts. Champlain named the river after John the Baptist because he reached the river's mouth on the saint's feast day, June 24. The Maliseet (also known as Wolastoqiyik and Malecite and in French also as Malécites or Étchemins (the latter collectively referring to the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy)) are a Native American/First Nations people who inhabit the Saint John River valley and its tributaries, roughly overlapping the International Boundary between New... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Samuel de Champlain by Théophile Hamel (1870) Samuel de Champlain (c. ... Pierre Dugua, the Sieur de Monts, (1558 - 1628) was a merchant, explorer and colonizer. ... The Baptism of Christ, by Piero della Francesca, 1449 John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer or Yahya the Baptizer) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ...

The river valley formed an important part of the French colony of Acadia. Acadian settlements developed along the lower river during the 17th and 18th centuries; including Fort la Tour (Saint John) and Fort Anne (Fredericton). The area fell under English control during the Seven Year's War, after the English capture of Fort Anne in 1759. In 1784, many loyalist refugees from the Revolutionary War settled in Saint John. The new English colony of New Brunswick was created shortly afterwards and Fredericton was named the capital. English settlement of the fertile Upper River Valley would not occur until the early to mid 19th century. A Danish community (New Denmark) was established in the late 1800's. Meanwhile, francophone Quebecers settled the Madawaska region, also during the 19th century, travelling southwards along traditional portage routes. The Madawaska section of the river valley remains heavily francophone even today. The national flag of Acadia, adopted in 1884. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the original French settlers of parts of the northeastern region of North America comprising what is now the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. ... Saint John or St John may refer to the following people, places, institutions or organizations: // People Saints John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus John the Evangelist, traditionally identified with the apostle, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John... For the Canadian federal electoral district of the same name, see Fredericton (electoral district) Fredericton, population 47,560 (greater Fredericton 81,346, both per 2001 census), is the capital of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. ... The Seven Years War (1754 and 1756–1763) pitted Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For the township in Canada, see Loyalist, Ontario In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. ... The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ... Saint John or St John may refer to the following people, places, institutions or organizations: // People Saints John the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus John the Evangelist, traditionally identified with the apostle, to whom the Gospel of John is attributed, often along with 1 John, 2 John... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Official languages English, French Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 10 10 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 11th 72 908 km² 2. ... For the Canadian federal electoral district of the same name, see Fredericton (electoral district) Fredericton, population 47,560 (greater Fredericton 81,346, both per 2001 census), is the capital of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. ... Madawaska is the name of the north-west region of New Brunswick, Canada. ... For the Gentoo Linux package manager, see Portage (software). ...

The river was an important trade route for the French, English and First Nations traders throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The tremendous flow rate of the river and its tributaries during the spring freshet aided the development of the timber industry in western New Brunswick as the river became a conduit for log drives to saw and pulp mills in the south. Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Carved mask in Vancouver First Nations is a term for ethnicity used in Canada to replace the word Indian. It refers to the Indigenous peoples of North America located in what is now Canada, and their descendants, who are not Inuit or Métis. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... A flash flood (also a freshet, considered archaic) is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas, rivers and streams that is caused by the intense rainfall associated with a thunderstorm, or multiple training thunderstorms. ...

It is this same spring freshet which can proved disastrous to property owners along portions of the river, particularly when ice jams can cause extensive flooding during the spring break-up. A flash flood (also a freshet, considered archaic) is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas, rivers and streams that is caused by the intense rainfall associated with a thunderstorm, or multiple training thunderstorms. ...

The Saint John River has been of tremendous importance to the development of western New Brunswick because it served as a transportation artery, particularly prior to the era of rail transport when paddle wheelers plied its waterways. Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... Paddle steamer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

During the 1950s and 1960s, the river became a major source of hydroelectric power with the construction of dams at Beechwood and Mactaquac where large reservoirs have been created by damming its flow. These massive projects followed the construction of a smaller dam at Grand Falls, in 1925,where the river descends in a steep cataract. A consequence of the latter two dams has been a severe decline in migrating Atlantic Salmon, and the flooding of some valuable farmland to create the headponds. // Events and trends This map shows two essential global spheres during the Cold War in 1959. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969, inclusive. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Scrivener Dam, in Canberra, Australia, was engineered to withstand a once-in-5000-years flood event A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. ... A reservoir is an artificial lake created by flooding land behind a dam. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Binomial name Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, from the Latin words Salmo meaning salmon, and salar meaning leaper) is a fish species of the Salmonidae family found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and in rivers that flow into the Atlantic. ...

In recent years, the river has seen a rise in recreational boating and ecotourism. The rich soil of the Upper Saint John Valley in Aroostook, Carleton, and Victoria counties is also an important area for the cultivation of potatoes. Ecotourism essentially means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. ... Location in the state of Maine Formed 1839 Seat Houlton Area  - Total  - Water 17,686 km² (6,829 mi²) 407 km² (157 mi²) 2. ... Carleton County redirects here, For the historical county in Ontario, see Carleton County, Ontario Carleton County (2001 population 27,184) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada. ... Victoria County (2001 population 21,172) is located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (plural form: potatoes) (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ...

See also

• List of Maine rivers
• List of New Brunswick rivers
• St. Johns River, in Florida

This is a partial list of rivers in the state of Maine in the United States. ... List of rivers in the province of New Brunswick, Canada Atlantic Watershed Gulf of Saint Lawrence Watershed Bay of Fundy Watershed Alphabetical List: Anagance River Aroostook River Barnaby River see Miramichi River Bartibogue River see Miramichi River Bartholomew River Cains River see Southwest Miramichi River Caraquet River Dungarvon River Green... The St. ... State nickname: Sunshine State Official languages English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Governor Jeb Bush (R) Senators Bill Nelson (D) Mel Martinez (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 22nd 170,451 km² 17. ...

External links

• St. John River watershed map and information
• Canadian Council for Geographic Education page with a series of articles on the history of the St. John River
• A book covering the St. John River with full color photos
• Oceanographic study of the salt and fresh water exchange in the lower St. John River