Part of a series of articles on Christianity

Foundations The Lord Jesus Christ God the Trinity (Father Son Spirit) Holy Bible · Christian Theology New Covenant · Supersessionism Apostles · Church · Kingdom · Gospel History of Christianity · Timeline Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... Image File history File links Christian_cross. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tetragrammaton. ... Jesus (8–2 BC/BCE to 29–36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... This page is about the title or the Divine Person. For the Christian figure, see Jesus. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... In many religions, the supreme God is given the title and attributions of Father. ... This article presents a description of Jesus as based on the views of Christians. ... This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Christian theological controversy be merged into this article or section. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... Supersessionism (also called Replacement theology by some, e. ... The Twelve Apostles (, apostolos, Liddell & Scott, Strongs G652, someone sent forth/sent out) were men that according to the Synoptic Gospels and Christian tradition, were chosen from among the disciples (students) of Jesus for a mission. ... The phrase One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church appears in the Nicene Creed () and, in part, in the Apostles Creed (the holy catholic church, sanctam ecclesiam catholicam). ... The Kingdom of God (Greek basileia tou theou,[1] or the Kingdom of Heaven) is a key concept in Christianity based on a phrase attributed to Jesus of Nazareth in the gospels. ... For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ... This article outlines the history of Christianity and provides links to relevant topics. ... The purpose of this chronology is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era to the present. ...

Holy Bible Old Testament · New Testament Decalogue · Sermon on the Mount Birth · Resurrection · Great Commission Inspiration · Books · Canon · Apocrypha Hermeneutics · LXX · English Translation NOTE: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh, but not Old Testament, because it does not recognize the New Testament as a continuation or completion of the Jewish bible. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... This 1768 parchment (612x502 mm) by Jekuthiel Sofer emulated the 1675 Decalogue at the Esnoga synagogue of Amsterdam The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Hebrew Bible, were written by God and given to Moses on Mount Sinai in the... The Sermon on the Mount was, according to the Gospel of Matthew, a particular sermon given by Jesus of Nazareth (estimated around AD 30) on a mountainside to his disciples and a large crowd (Matt 5:1-7:29). ... The Virgin Birth is a key doctrine of the Christian faith, and is also held by Muslims (Quran 3. ... The Death of Jesus and the Resurrection of Jesus are two events in the New Testament in which Jesus is crucified on one day (the Day of Preparation, i. ... The Great Commission is a tenet in Christian theology emphasizing mission work and evangelism, particularly (but not exclusively) emphasized by evangelicals. ... Biblical inspiration is the doctrine in Christian theology concerned with the divine origin of the Bible and what the Bible teaches about itself. ... The canonical list of the Books of the Bible differs among Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Orthodox Christians, even though there is a great deal of overlap. ... The Biblical canon is an exclusive list of books written during the formative period of the Jewish or Christian faiths; the leaders of these communities believed these books to be inspired by God or to express the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people (although there may... Apocrypha (from the Greek word απόκρυφα meaning those having been hidden away[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned. ... Biblical Hermeneutics, part of the broader hermeneutical question, relates to the problem of how one is to understand Holy Scripture. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Lancelot Brentons English translation. ... The efforts of translating the Bible from its original languages into over 2,000 others have spanned more than two millennia. ... The Bible has been translated into many languages. ...

Christian Theology History of Theology · Apologetics Creation · Fall of Man · Covenant · Law Grace · Faith · Justification · Salvation Sanctification · Theosis · Worship Church · Sacraments · Future {Under construction!} The history of theology is about the way theology has developed and the way history has impacted theology. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ... Christian Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of Christianity. ... Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Covenant, meaning a solemn contract, is the customary word used to translate the Hebrew word berith (ברית, Tiberian Hebrew bÉ™rîṯ, Standard Hebrew bÉ™rit) as it is used in the Hebrew Bible. ... NOTE: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh, but not Old Testament, because it does not recognize the New Testament as a continuation or completion of the Jewish bible. ... In Christianity, divine grace refers to the sovereign favor of God for humankind, as manifest in the blessings bestowed upon all —irrespective of actions (deeds), earned worth, or proven goodness. ... Faith in Christianity centers on faith in the existence of God, who created the universe. ... In Christian theology, justification is Gods act of making or declaring a sinner righteous before God. ... In religion, salvation refers to being saved from an undesirable state or condition. ... Sanctification or in its verb form, sanctify, literally means to set apart for special use or purpose, that is to make holy or sacred (compare Latin sanctus holy). Therefore sanctification refers to the state or process of being set apart, i. ... In Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic theology, theosis, meaning divinization (or deification or, to become god), is the call to man to become holy and seek union with God, beginning in this life and later consummated in the resurrection. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In Christian theology, ecclesiology is a branch of study that deals with the doctrines pertaining to the Church itself as a community or organic entity, and with the understanding of what the church is —ie. ... A sacrament is a Christian rite that mediates divine grace—a holy [[Mystery The root meaning of the Latin word sacramentum is making sacred. One example of its use was as the term for the oath of dedication taken by Roman soldiers; but the ecclesiastical use of the word is... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

History and Traditions Ecumenical Councils · Creeds · Missions Great Schism · Crusades · Reformation Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy · Oriental Orthodoxy Syriac · Assyrian · Eastern Catholicism Western Christianity Roman Catholicism · Protestantism Thomism · Anabaptism · Lutheranism Anglicanism · Calvinism · Arminianism Baptist · Evangelicalism · Restorationism Liberalism · Fundamentalism · Pentecostal Other Denominations · Movements · Ecumenism Preaching · Prayer · Music Liturgy · Calendar · Symbols · Art In Christianity, an Ecumenical Council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. ... A creed is a statement of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ... A Christian mission has been widely defined, since the Lausanne Congress of 1974, as that which is designed to form a viable indigenous church-planting movement. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Crusades were a series of military campaigns conducted in the name of Christendom[1] and usually sanctioned by the Pope. ... The Protestant Reformation, also referred to as the Protestant Revolution or Protestant Revolt, was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe. ... Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, the rest of Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a religious organization which claims to be the continuation of the original Christian body, founded by Jesus and his Twelve Apostles. ... The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only the first three ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus — and rejected the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. ... Syriac Christianity is a culturally and linguistically distinctive community within Eastern Christianity. ... The Holy Apostolic and Catholic Assyrian Church of the East under His Holiness Mar Dinkha IV, is a Christian church that traces its origins to the See of Babylon, said to be founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle. ... The domes of an Ukrainian Catholic parish in Simpson, Pennsylvania This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the See of Rome. ... Western Christianity refers to Catholicism, Protestantism, and Anglicanism (which is also usually included in the Protestant category). ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Thomism is the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of St. ... Anabaptists (Greek ανα (again) +βαπτιζω (baptize), thus, re-baptizers [1], German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the Radical Reformation. ... Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century> Luthers writings launched the Protestant Reformation of the Western church. ... The term Anglican (from medieval Latin ecclesia Anglicana meaning the English church) is used to describe the people, institutions, and churches as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts developed by the established Church of England, the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican Churches (a loosely affiliated group of... Calvinism is a system of Christian theology and an approach to Christian life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and... // For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ... A Baptist is a member of a Baptist church or a person who believes in baptism by full immersion. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to a tendency in diverse branches of conservative Christianity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For Christian theological modernism in the Roman Catholic Church, see Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... This article concerns the self-labeled Fundamentalist Movement in Protestant Christianity. ... The Pentecostal movement within Evangelical Christianity places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the gifts of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ... A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ... Christian movements are theological, political, or philosophical intepretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination. ... The word ecumenism (also oecumenism, Å“cumenism) is derived from Greek (oikoumene), which means the inhabited world, and was historically used with specific reference to the Roman Empire. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... This article is about the many forms of prayer within Christianity. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... // Partial list of Christian liturgies (past and present) Roman Catholic church (churches in communion with the Holy See of the Bishop of Rome) Latin Rite Novus Ordo Missae Tridentine Mass Anglican Use Mozarabic Rite Ambrosian Rite Gallican Rite Eastern Rite, e. ... The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in some Christian churches which determines when Feasts, Memorials, Commemorations, and Solemnities are to be observed and which portions of Scripture are to be read. ... Christian art is art that spans many segments of Christianity. ...

Important Figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Luther · Calvin · Wesley · Carey · Barth Graham · John Paul II · Bartholomew I Paul of Tarsus, also known as Paul the Apostle or Saint Paul (AD 3–14 — 62–69),[1] is widely considered to be central to the early development and spread of Christianity, particularly westward from Jerusalem. ... The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... This article covers the events of, reaction to, and historical legacy of Roman Emperor Constantine Is legalization, legitimization, and conversion to Christianity. ... Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) (c. ... For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see Saint Augustine of Canterbury. ... Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109. ... Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. ... Gregory Palamas (1296 - 1359) was a monk of Mount Athos in Greece, and later became Archbishop of Thessalonica. ... John Wycliffe (also Wyclif, Wycliff, or Wickliffe) (c. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism. ... John Wesley (June 17, 1703–March 2, 1791) was an 18th-century Anglican clergyman and Christian theologian who was an early leader in the Methodist movement. ... William Carey (August 17, 1761 – June 9, 1834) was an English missionary and Baptist minister, known as the father of modern missions. ... Karl Barth (May 10, 1886–December 10, 1968) (pronounced Bart) was an influential Swiss Reformed Christian theologian. ... Billy Graham, April 1966 Rev. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni Paolo II), born   (May 18, 1920 – April 2, 2005) reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from October 16... Patriarch Bartholomew I His All Holiness, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome (Greek:Η Αυτού Θειοτάτη Παναγιότητα ο Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης Βαρθολομαίος Α Αρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Νέας Ρώμης) , born Demetrios Archontonis (Δημήτριος Αρχοντώνης, Dimítrios Archontónis) on 29 February 1940) has been the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, and thus first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion, since 2 November 1991. ...

Mary Magdalene is described, both in the canonical New Testament and in the New Testament apocrypha, as a devoted disciple of Jesus. She is considered by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches to be a saint, with a feast day of July 22. Her name means "Mary of Magdala", after a town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. The life of the historical Mary is a subject of ongoing debate. John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... The category of New Testament apocrypha reminds the modern reader of the wide range of responses that were engendered in the interpreting of the message of Jesus of Nazareth during the first several centuries of the Common Era, as mainstream Christianity emerged. ... In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry. ... Jesus (8–2 BC/BCE to 29–36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a religious organization which claims to be the continuation of the original Christian body, founded by Jesus and his Twelve Apostles. ... The term Anglican (from medieval Latin ecclesia Anglicana meaning the English church) is used to describe the people, institutions, and churches as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts developed by the established Church of England, the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican Churches (a loosely affiliated group of... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are usually depicted as having halos. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as the saints day of that saint. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... Magdala (tower) was a small village in Galilee, which seems to have been the birthplace of Mary Magdalene, or Mary of Magdala, in the Christian New Testament. ... The Sea of Galilee with the Jordan River flowing out of it to the south and into the Dead Sea Kineret redirects here; for the Amgen drug having this tradename, see Anakinra The Sea of Galilee is Israels largest freshwater lake, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in circumference, about...

Mary Magdalene in the New Testament

In Luke 8:2 she is mentioned as one of the women who "ministered to Him [Jesus] of their substance" (in other words, they provided Jesus with money or supplies). The book also tells the story of an exorcism on Mary that cast out seven demons. These women, who earlier "had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities," later accompanied Jesus on his last journey to Jerusalem (Matthew 27:55; Mark 15:41; Luke 23:55) and were witnesses to the Crucifixion. Mary remained there until the body was taken down and laid in a tomb prepared for Joseph of Arimathea. In the early dawn of the first day of the week Mary Magdalene, Salome, and Mary the mother of James, (Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:2; Gospel of Peter 12), came to the sepulchre with sweet spices to anoint the body. They found the sepulchre empty but saw the "vision of angels" (Matthew 28:5). As the first witness to the empty tomb, Mary Magdalene went to tell Peter and John, (John 20:1-2), (gaining her the epithet "apostle to the apostles") and again immediately returned to the sepulchre. She remained there weeping at the door of the tomb. According to the New Testament, she was the first witness of the Resurrection appearances of Jesus, though at first she did not recognise him. When he said her name she was recalled to consciousness, and cried, Rabboni. She wanted to cling to him, but he forbade her: John 20:17 "Jesus said to her, 'Do not cling to Me, for I have not yet ascended to My Father; but go to My brethren and say to them, "I am ascending to My Father and your Father, and to My God and your God."'" The Gospel of Luke is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... Saint Francis exorcised demons in Arezzo, fresco of Giotto Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure) is the practice of evicting demons or other evil spiritual entities, which are supposed to have possessed (taken control of) a person or object. ... St. ... Jerusalem (Hebrew:  , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic:  , al-Quds (the Holy); official Arabic in Israel: أورشليم القدس, Urshalim-al-Quds (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names) is the capital and largest city[1] of the State of Israel with a population of 724,000 (as of May 24, 2006[2... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... The Gospel of Mark is traditionally the second New Testament Gospel, ascribed to Mark the Evangelist. ... The Gospel of Luke is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... Crucifixion of St. ... Joseph of Arimathea, according to the Gospels, was the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after his crucifixion. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Faces of mother and child; detail of sculpture at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Female mallard duck and ducklings In the case of a mammal such as a human, the biological mother gestates her child (called first an embryo, then a fetus) in the womb from conception until the fetus... Among the men named James (יעקב Holder of the heel; supplanter; Standard Hebrew YaÊ¿aqov, Tiberian Hebrew Yaʿăqōḇ), in the New Testament, whose number may be increased by the variety of epithets and euphemisms applied to them, James son of Alphaeus (or Clopas), is called James the Less or the... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... The Gospel of Mark is traditionally the second New Testament Gospel, ascribed to Mark the Evangelist. ... The Gospel of Peter was a prominent passion narrative in the early history of Christianity, but over time passed out of common usage. ... A sepulchre (also spelled sepulcher) is a burial chamber. ... To anoint is to apply perfumed oil. ... entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment - an image from the Pericopes of Henry II In the Gospels, the empty tomb is the first sign of the Resurrection of Jesus. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ... entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment - an image from the Pericopes of Henry II In the Gospels, the empty tomb is the first sign of the Resurrection of Jesus. ... The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the canon of the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to John the Evangelist. ... In the Supper at Emmaus, Caravaggio depicted the moment the disciples recognise Jesus The Resurrection appearances of Jesus are reported by the Canonical Gospels to have occurred after the discovery of the empty tomb. ... It is often accepted that Aramaic was the mother tongue of Jesus of Nazareth. ...

This is the last entry in the canonical Gospels regarding Mary of Magdala, who now returned to Jerusalem. She is probably included in the group of women who joined the Apostles in the Upper Room in Jerusalem after Jesus' ascension (Acts 1:14).

The penitent Mary Magdalen, a much reproduced composition by Titian.

Image File history File links Tizian_009. ... Image File history File links Tizian_009. ... Titians self-portrait, 1566. ...

Identification with other women of the New Testament

Tradition as early as the 3rd century (Hippolytus, in his Commentary on Song of Songs) identifies Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany and the woman sinner, who anointed Jesus's feet. The latter person can be found in Luke 7:36-50: Statue of Hippolytus, 3rd century. ... Mary anoints Jesus in Bethany in this icon. ...

"And, behold, a woman in the city, which was a sinner, when she knew that Jesus sat at meat in the Pharisee's house, brought an alabaster box of ointment, and stood at his feet behind him weeping, and began to wash his feet with tears, and did wipe them with the hairs of her head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment."

Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys. Mary Magdalene. Ca. 1860.

Though the woman remains unnamed, she is identified with Mary of Bethany, the sister of Martha and the resurrected Lazarus (Luke 10:38-42 and John 1:10), as John 11:1-2 says: Image File history File links Mariya_Magdalena. ... Image File history File links Mariya_Magdalena. ... Mary Magdalene. ... Mary anoints Jesus in Bethany in this icon. ... For other uses, see Martha (disambiguation). ... Resurrection of Lazarus by Juan de Flandes, around 1500. ...

"Now there was a certain man sick, named Lazarus, of Bethania, of the town of Mary and Martha her sister. And Mary was she that anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair: whose brother Lazarus was sick.

The identification of Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany, also led to her being identified with "the woman who was a sinner". Church fathers of the 3rd and 4th centuries considered this sin as "being unchaste". In an influential sermon in 591, Pope Gregory I identified her as a sinner ('peccatrix') who repented upon meeting Jesus, but he did not call her a prostitute ('meretrix'). That was a folk belief that arose later and many writers and artists have followed it until the 20th century. The traditional Roman Catholic feast day dedicated to Mary Madgalene celebrated her position as a penitent. This was changed in 1969, with the revision of the Roman Missal and the Roman Calendar, and now there is no mention in either of Mary Magdalene the sinner (Catholic Online). The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... Sexual abstinence or chastity is the practice of voluntarily refraining from sexual intercourse and (usually) other sexual activity. ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ...

Kreuzigung by Meister des Marienlebens

While the Catholic Church has not issued a binding view on this, Catholics have traditionally identified all three women as the same Mary; this is reflected in a sermon of Pope Gregory I (591): "She whom Luke calls the sinful woman, whom John calls Mary [of Bethany], we believe to be the Mary from whom seven devils were ejected according to Mark." Eastern Orthodox Christians distinguish between Mary Magdalene on the one hand and Mary of Bethany,"the woman who was a sinner", on the other hand. Protestants mostly reject all these identifications. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1326, 126 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mary Magdalene ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1326, 126 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Mary Magdalene ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ...

This viewpoint is also espoused by much medieval Christian art. In many, if not most, medieval depictions, Mary Magdalene is shown as having long red hair, which she wears down over her shoulders. This was generally taken to be a sign of sexual impropriety in women at the time. The other women of the New Testament, in these same depictions, ordinarily have dark hair that is kept beneath a scarf. This disparity between depictions of women can be seen in works such as the Crucifixion paintings by the Meister des Marienlebens.

For some Christians, the idea developed by Church fathers, that Mary Magdalene is also the woman that Jesus had rescued from being stoned to death (as recounted in the Pericope Adulterae) still holds true. This is reflected in the Mel Gibson movie The Passion of the Christ as well as in Martin Scorsese's earlier film adaptation of Nikos Kazantzakis's novel The Last Temptation of Christ. Scholars however believe that Mary Magdalene, Mary of Bethany, and the woman Jesus rescued as well as the one who anointed him at Simon the Leper's house in the Gospel of Luke, are all different women. Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment in which the criminal is put to death by having stones thrown at him or her. ... The Pericope Adulteræ (pur-IC-op-ee uh-DUL-ter-igh), meaning the passage of the adulterous woman in Latin, is the name traditionally given to verses 7:53–8:11 of the Gospel of John, which is usually referred to in English as the woman taken in adultery... Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an Academy Award-winning American-born, Australian-raised actor, director, and producer. ... The Passion of the Christ (2004) is a film about the last twelve hours of the life of Jesus Christ, known to Christians as the Passion. Directed by Mel Gibson, it was nominated for three Academy Awards: best cinematography, best makeup, and best original score. ... Martin Luciano Scorsese (born November 17, 1942) is an acclaimed American film director. ... Nikos Kazantzakis (Νίκος Καζαντζάκης in Greek) (February 18, 1883, Heraklion, Crete, Greece - October 26, 1957, Freiburg, Germany), author of poems, novels, essays, plays, and travel books, was arguably the most important and most translated Greek writer and philosopher of the 20th century. ... The Last Temptation of Christ, also published as The Last Temptation, is a novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1951. ...

Eastern Orthodox icon of Mary Magdalene

Image File history File links Maria_Magdalene_icon. ... Image File history File links Maria_Magdalene_icon. ...

Veneration of Mary Magdalene

The Eastern Orthodox Church maintains that the saint retired to Ephesus with the Theotokos (Mary the Mother of God) and there died, that her relics were transferred to Constantinople in 886 and are there preserved. Gregory of Tours (De miraculis, I, xxx) supports the tradition that she retired to Ephesus with no mention of any connection to Gaul. Historical Map of Ephesus, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 Ephesus (Greek: , Turkish: ), was one of the great cities of the Ionian Greeks in Anatolia, located in Lydia where the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) flows into the Aegean Sea (in modern day Turkey). ... Theotokos of Kazan Theotokos (Greek Θεοτόκος) is a title of Mary, the mother of Jesus. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Saint Gregory of Tours (c. ... Map of Gaul circa 58 BC For Gaul after the Roman conquest, see Roman Gaul Gaul (Latin Gallia) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the...

How a cult of Mary Magdalene first arose in Provence is not clear. As a Roman Catholic saint, Mary Magdalene's relics were first venerated at the abbey of Vézelay in Burgundy. Jacobus de Voragine gives the official story of the translation of the relics of Mary Magdalene from her sepulchre in the oratory of Saint Maximin at Aix-en-Provence to the newly-founded abbey of Vézelay ("the Abbey of Vesoul" in William Caxton's translation), that was reputed to have been undertaken in 771 by the founder of the abbey, identified as Gerard, duke of Burgundy (Medieval Sourcebook). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are usually depicted as having halos. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... Vézelay is a commune in the Yonne département in the Bourgogne région of France. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... Jacobus de Voragine (c. ... Aix (prounounced eks), or, to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, Aix-en-Provence is a city in southern France, some 30 km north of Marseille. ... Vézelay is a commune in the Yonne département in the Bourgogne région of France. ... William Caxton (c. ...

The Saint Maximin of this legend is a figure who conflates the historical bishop Maximin with the "Maximin" accompanying Mary Magdalene, Martha and Lazarus to Provence. Emperor Maximinus Thrax Caius Julius Verus Maximinus (c. ...

A cult later than the Legenda Aurea drew pilgrims to the body of Mary Magdalene, officially discovered September 9, 1279, at Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, Provence, where they attracted such throngs of pilgrims that the earlier shrine was rebuilt as the great Basilica from the mid thirteenth century, one of the finest Gothic churches in the south of France. The Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine is a collection of fanciful hagiographies, lives of the saints, that became a late mediæval best seller. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Categories: France geography stubs | Communes of Var ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For albums named Pilgrim, see Pilgrim (album). ... St. ... See also Gothic art. ...

Basilica Saint Maximin la Sainte Baume.

The competition between the Cluniac Benedictines of Vézelay and the Dominicans of Saint-Maxime occasioned a rash of miraculous literature supporting the one or the other site. Jacopo de Voragine, compiling his Legenda Aurea before the competition arose, characterized Mary Magdalen as the emblem of penitence, washing the feet of Jesus with her copious tears, protectress of pilgrims to Jerusalem, daily lifting by angels at the meal hour in her fasting retreat and many other miraculous happenings in the genre of Romance, ending with her death in the oratory of Saint Maximin, all disingenuously claimed to have been drawn from the histories of Hegesippus and of Josephus. edited version of Image:STmaximin. ... edited version of Image:STmaximin. ... Jacobus de Voragine (c. ... The story of St George and the dragon is one of many stories of the saints preserved in the Golden Legend. ... An emblem consists of a pictorial image, abstract or representational, that epitomizes a concept - often a concept of a moral truth or an allegory. ... As a literary genre, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic prose and verse narrative current in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. ... Hegesippus (ca 110 A.D. - ca 180), was a Christian chronicler of the early Christian church and writer countering heresies. ... A representation of Flavius Josephus, a woodcutting in John C. Winstons translation of his works Josephus ( 37 – 100 AD/CE), who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Flavius Josephus[1], was a 1st century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal ancestry who survived...

The French tradition of Saint Lazare of Bethany is that Mary, her brother Lazarus, and Maximinus, one of the Seventy Disciples and some companions, expelled by persecutions from the Holy Land, traversed the Mediterranean in a frail boat with neither rudder nor mast and landed at the place called Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer near Arles. Mary Magdalene came to Marseille and converted the whole of Provence. Magdalene is said to have retired to a cave on a hill by Marseille, La Sainte-Baume ("holy cave", baumo in Provencal), where she gave herself up to a life of penance for thirty years. When the time of her death arrived she was carried by angels to Aix and into the oratory of Saint Maximinus, where she received the viaticum; her body was then laid in an oratory constructed by St. Maximinus at Villa Lata, afterwards called St. Maximin. Resurrection of Lazarus by Juan de Flandes, around 1500. ... The Seventy of the Gospel of Luke 10:1 – 20, were followers that Jesus appointed and sent ahead of him. ... Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (lit. ... Arles (Arle in Provençal) is a city in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône département, of which it is a sous-préfecture, in the former province of Provence. ... The Sainte-Baume is a mountain ridge spreading between the départements of Bouches-du-Rhône and Var. ... Aix (prounounced eks), or, to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, Aix-en-Provence is a city in southern France, some 30 km north of Marseille. ... Conservative 13th century Gothic in Provence: Basilica of Mary Magdalene, Saint Maximin la Sainte Baume. ... Viaticum, a Latin word originally meaning travelling provisions, is used in Roman Catholicism for the Eucharist (the consecrated host and wine) administered to a dying person. ...

There is no earlier mention of these episodes than the notice in 745 when, according to the chronicler Sigebert, the relics were removed to Vézelay through fear of the Saracens. There is no record of their return and a casket of relics associated with Magdalene remains at Vézelay. Events Births November 10 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. ... See Sigeberht I of Essex for the Saxon ruler by that name Sigebert I (535-575) was a Frankish King, one of the sons of Clotaire I and Ingund. ... Vézelay is a commune in the Yonne département in the Bourgogne région of France. ... For the rugby club Saracens see Saracens (rugby club) The term Saracen comes from Greek sarakenoi. ...

In 1279, when Charles II, King of Naples, erected a Dominican convent at La Sainte-Baume, the shrine was marvelously found intact, with an explanatory inscription stating why the relics had been hidden. Charles II, known as the Lame (Fr. ...

In 1600, the relics were placed in a sarcophagus commissioned by Pope Clement VIII, the head being placed in a separate reliquary. The relics and free-standing images were scattered and destroyed at the Revolution. In 1814, the church of La Sainte-Baume, also wrecked during the Revolution, was restored, and, in 1822, the grotto was consecrated afresh. The head of the saint now lies there and has been the centre of many pilgrimages. Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 – March 3, 1605 in Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization. ...

The Magdalene became a symbol of repentance for the vanities of the world, and Mary Magdalene was the patron of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Magdalene College, Cambridge (both pronounced "maudlin", as in weepy penitents). Unfortunately, her name was also used for the infamous Magdalen Asylums in Ireland where "fallen women" were mistreated and exploited. College name Magdalen College Named after Mary Magdalene Established 1458 Sister College Magdalene College President Professor David Clary FRS JCR President Iain Anstess Undergraduates 395 Graduates 230 Homepage Boatclub Magdalen College (pronounced ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... Full name The College of Saint Mary Magdalene Motto Garde ta Foy Keep your Faith Named after Mary Magdalene Previous names Buckingham College Established 1428 Sister College(s) Magdalen College Master Duncan Robinson Location Magdalene Street Undergraduates 335 Postgraduates 169 Homepage Boatclub Magdalene College (pronounced ) was founded in 1428 as... Magdalen Laundry in Ireland, c. ...

Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross.

Crucifixion, detail of Mary Magdalene The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Crucifixion, detail of Mary Magdalene The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ...

Easter Egg tradition

For centuries, it has been the custom of many Christians to share dyed and painted eggs, particularly on Easter Sunday. The eggs represent new life, and Christ bursting forth from the tomb. Among Eastern Orthodox this sharing is accompanied by the proclamation "Christ is risen!", and the person being addressed would respond "[Christ] has risen indeed!". Easter eggs, also known as Spring eggs[1] in the United States, are specially decorated eggs given out to celebrate the Easter holiday or springtime. ... Easter, also known as Pascha (Greek Πάσχα: Passover), the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrection, or Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian liturgical year, observed between late March and late April (early April to early May in Eastern Christianity). ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ...

One tradition concerning Mary Magdalene says that following the death and resurrection of Jesus, she used her position to gain an invitation to a banquet given by Emperor Tiberius Caesar. When she met him, she held a plain egg in her hand and exclaimed "Christ is risen!" Caesar laughed, and said that Christ rising from the dead was as likely as the egg in her hand turning red while she held it. Before he finished speaking, the egg in her hand turned a bright red, and she continued proclaiming the Gospel to the entire imperial house. For other uses, see Death (disambiguation). ... The resurrection of Jesus is an event in the New Testament in which God raised him from the dead[1] after his death by crucifixion. ... Emperor Tiberius Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar (November 16, 42 BC–March 16, AD 37) was the second Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from AD 14 until his death. ...

Another version of this story can be found in popular belief, mostly in Greece. It is believed that after the Crucifixion, Mary Magdalene and the Virgin put a basket full of eggs at the foot of the cross. There, the Eggs were painted red by the blood of the Christ. Then, Mary Magdalene brought them to Tiberius Caesar (see above).

The Gospel of Mary

Mary Magdalene, in a dramatic 19th-century popular image of penitence painted by Ary Scheffer.

A group of scholars have suggested that for one early group of Christians Mary Magdalene was a leader of the early Church and maybe even the unidentified Beloved Disciple, to whom the Fourth Gospel commonly called Gospel of John is ascribed. The most familiar of the scholars is Elaine Pagels. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1244x1923, 138 KB) From http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1244x1923, 138 KB) From http://www. ... Ary Scheffer (February 10, 1795 _ June 15, 1858), French painter of Dutch extraction, was born at Dordrecht. ... The phrase disciple whom Jesus loved or Beloved Disciple is used several times in the Gospel of John. ... The Gospel of John is the fourth gospel in the canon of the New Testament, traditionally ascribed to John the Evangelist. ... Elaine Pagels (née Hiesey, born February 13, 1943), is the Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University. ...

Ramon K. Jusino offers an explanation of this view, based on the textual researches of Raymond E. Brown, a biblical scholar, in "Mary Magdalene, author of the Fourth Gospel?", 1998, available on-line. Ann Graham Brock (see ref.) summarized this reading of the texts in 2003. She demonstrated that an early Christian writing portrays authority as being represented in Mary Magdalene or in the church community structure. Father Raymond Edward Brown, S.S., (born May 22, 1928, died of aids August 8, 1998), was an American Roman Catholic priest appointed in 1972 and in 1996 to the Pontifical Biblical Commission, which advises the pontiff on scriptural matters, and professor emeritus at the Protestant Union Theological Seminary in...

These scholars also observe that the Mary Magdalene figure is consistently elevated in writings from which formal leadership roles are absent, while the Paul figure is more involved in a tug-of-war between these two opposing systems of church government.

Scholars of the Mary who appears in the Nag Hammadi Gnostic texts have identified her with the Magdalene, even though she is merely given the (Coptic) equivalent of "Mary". However, Stephen J. Shoemaker thinks that this Mary is actually the Blessed Virgin Mary (Shoemaker 2001), that this fits in better with the notions that Mary was intimate with Jesus, was his greatest disciple, and was to be the center of Jesus' religion; Shoemaker has made a study of Marian liturgies and devotion in Early Christianity. The town of Nag Hammadi in Egypt Nag Hammâdi (Arabic نجع حمادي; transliterated: Naj Hammādi) (26°03′N 32°15′E), is a town in the middle of Egypt, called Chenoboskion in classical antiquity, about 80 kilometres north-west of Luxor with some 30,000 citizens. ... Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge... Blessed Virgin Mary A traditional Catholic picture sometimes displayed in homes. ...

Further attestation of Mary of Magdala and her role among some early Christians is provided by the gnostic, apocryphal Gospel of Mary Magdalene which survives in two 3rd century Greek fragments and a longer 5th century translation into Coptic. In the Gospel the testimony of a woman first needed to be defended. All of these manuscripts were first discovered and published between 1938 and 1983, but as early as the 3rd century there are Patristic references to the Gospel of Mary. These writings reveal the degree to which that gospel was despised and dismissed by the early Church Fathers. In the fragmentary text, the disciples ask questions of the risen Savior (a designation that dates the original no earlier than the 2nd century) and are answered. Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge... The category of New Testament apocrypha reminds the modern reader of the wide range of responses that were engendered in the interpreting of the message of Jesus of Nazareth during the first several centuries of the Common Era, as mainstream Christianity emerged. ... The Gospel of Mary Magdalene was found in the Akhmim Codex, a gnostic text of the New Testament apocrypha acquired by Dr. Rheinhardt in Cairo in 1896. ... (2nd century - 3rd century - 4th century - other centuries) Events The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east. ... (4th century - 5th century - 6th century - other centuries) Events Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ... Coptic is the most recent phase of ancient Egyptian. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... (2nd century - 3rd century - 4th century - other centuries) Events The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east. ... The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... ( 1st century - 2nd century - 3rd century - other centuries) Events Roman Empire governed by the Five Good Emperors ( 96– 180) – Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius. ...

Then they grieve, saying, "How shall we go to the Gentiles and preach the Gospel of the Kingdom of the Son of Man? If even he was not spared, how shall we be spared?" And Mary bids them take heart: "Let us rather praise his greatness, for he prepared us and made us into men." She then delivers — at Peter's request — a vision of the Savior she has had, and reports her discourse with him, which shows Gnostic influences. The word Gentile from the Latin gentilis, can either be a translation of the Hebrew Goy/גוי or of the Hebrew word Nochri/נכרי. In the most common modern use it refers to the former being derived from the Latin term gens (meaning clan or a group of families) and it is... The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Her vision does not meet with universal approval:

"But Andrew answered and said to the brethren, 'Say what you think concerning what she said. For I do not believe that the Savior said this. For certainly these teachings are of other ideas."

"Peter also opposed her in regard to these matters and asked them about the Savior. "Did he then speak secretly with a woman, in preference to us, and not openly? Are we to turn back and all listen to her? Did he prefer her to us?"

Dr. Karen King, a professor of church history at Harvard Divinity School, has observed, "The confrontation of Mary with Peter, a scenario also found in The Gospel of Thomas, Pistis Sophia, and The Greek Gospel of the Egyptians, reflects some of the tensions in second-century Christianity. Peter and Andrew represent orthodox positions that deny the validity of esoteric revelation and reject the authority of women to teach." (introduction, The Nag Hammadi Library) Harvard Divinity School Harvard Divinity School is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States. ... The Gospel of Thomas is the modern name given to a New Testament-era apocryphon completely preserved in a papyrus Coptic manuscript discovered in 1945 at Nag Hammadi, Egypt. ... The important Gnostic text, the Pistis Sophia, in five copies, which scholars date c. ... The suppressed Greek Gospel of the Egyptians (which is quite distinct from the Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians) written at the end of the 1st century or the beginning of the 2nd century AD, was cited by Clement of Alexandria, whose quotations give us many of the brief excerpts that... The Nag Hammadi library is a collection of early Christian Gnostic texts discovered near the Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945. ...

• Early Christian Writings: Gospel of Mary
• Gospel of Mary: (English), syncretic text, incorporating Coptic and earlier Greek versions; further web links

Mary Magdalene and Jesus' relationship

The penitent Mary Magdalene, by Francesco Hayez

Some modern writers have come forward with claims that Mary Magdalene was the wife of Jesus. These writers cite Gnostic writings to support their argument. Sources like the Gospel of Philip do depict Mary Magdalene as being closer to Jesus than any other disciple. However, there is no known ancient document that claims she was his wife and Gnosticism was generally non-supportive of sexuality. The closeness described in these writings depicts Mary Magdalene, representing the Gnostics, as understanding Jesus and his teaching while the other disciples, representing the Church, did not. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1589, 228 KB) Description: Title: de: Büßende Maria Magdalena Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 118 × 150 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Mailand Current location (gallery): de: Civica Galleria dArte Moderna Other notes... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2024x1589, 228 KB) Description: Title: de: Büßende Maria Magdalena Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: de: 118 × 150 cm Country of origin: de: Italien Current location (city): de: Mailand Current location (gallery): de: Civica Galleria dArte Moderna Other notes... Modernism is a term which covers a variety of political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. ... Gnosticism is a blanket term for various religions and sects most prominent in the first few centuries A.D. General characteristics The word gnosticism comes from the Greek word for knowledge, gnosis (γνῶσις), referring to the idea that there is special, hidden mysticism (esoteric knowledge... The Gospel of Philip is one of the texts of the New Testament apocrypha. ... In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Mary Magdalene appears with more frequency than other women in the canonical Gospels and is shown as being a close follower of Jesus. Mary's presence at the Crucifixion and Jesus's tomb, while hardly conclusive, is at least consonant with the role of grieving wife and widow, although if that were the case Jesus might have been expected to make provision for her care as well as for his mother Mary. Crucifixion of St. ...

An argument for support of the married status of Jesus is that bachelorhood was very rare for Jewish males of Jesus' time, being generally regarded as a transgression of the first mitzvah (divine commandment) — "Be fruitful and multiply". According to this reasoning, it would have been unthinkable for an adult, unmarried Jew to travel about teaching as a rabbi. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Mitzvah (Hebrew: מצווה, commandment; plural, mitzvot; from צוה, tzavah, command) is a word used in Judaism to refer to (a) the commandments, of which there are 613, given in the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) or (b) any Jewish law at all. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbÄ«;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbÄ«) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished, (in knowledge). In the ancient Judean schools (and among Sefaradim today) the sages...

A counter-argument to this is that the Judaism of Jesus' time was very diverse and the role of the rabbi was not yet well defined. It was really not until after the Roman destruction of the Second Temple in A.D. 70 that Rabbinic Judaism became dominant and the role of the rabbi made uniform in Jewish communities. Before Jesus, celibate teachers were known in the communities of the Essenes and John the Baptist also was celibate. Later, Paul of Tarsus was an example of an unmarried itinerant teacher among Christians. Jesus himself approved of voluntary celibacy for religious reasons and explicitly rejected a duty to marry: "There are eunuchs, who have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven. He that can take, let him take it." (Matthew 19:12) Drawing of the Second Temple in Jerusalem during the time of Herod the Great A stone (2. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished, (in knowledge). In the ancient Judean schools (and among Sefaradim today) the sages... The Essenes (es-eenz) were followers of a religious way of living in Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. Many scholars today argue that there were a number of separate but related groups that had in common mystic, eschatological, messianic, and ascetic beliefs... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Paul of Tarsus, also known as Paul the Apostle or Saint Paul (AD 3–14 — 62–69),[1] is widely considered to be central to the early development and spread of Christianity, particularly westward from Jerusalem. ... The Gospel of Matthew (literally, according to Matthew; Greek, Κατά Μαθθαίον or Κατά Ματθαίον) is one of the four Gospel accounts of the New Testament. ...

It has been speculated that the biblical account of the wedding at Cana (John 2) [1] was, actually, the marriage of Jesus and Mary Magdalene. Proponents of this view argue that Jesus' mother Mary advising the servants to do what Jesus tells them, reflects the role of the groom's mother, who according to Jewish tradtion was in charge of the servants at a wedding.^{[citation needed]} However, the biblical account also says that Jesus and his disciples had been invited. Also, the interpretation of Mary's words is far from conclusive. In the Christian New Testament, the Gospel of John refers a number of times to a town called Cana of Galilee. ...

The idea that Mary Magdalene was the wife of Jesus was popularized by books like the pseudohistorical Holy Blood, Holy Grail (1982) and The Da Vinci Code (2003), a novel heavily influenced by the former book. Holy Blood, Holy Grail is a controversial New York Times bestselling book by authors Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln, which was published in 1982 by Dell (ISBN 055212138) in London. ... This article is about the novel. ...

The Medieval "Golden Legend[2]" (see above) says "Some say that S. Mary Magdalene was wedded to S. John the Evangelist".

The Australian scholar Barbara Thiering claims that a full account of the marriage and children of Jesus and Mary Magdalene can be derived from the New Testament by use of the pesher technique. Thiering's controversial use of the technique is not supported in the scholarly community. Barbara Thiering ( 1930 – ) is a controversial Australian scholar with an international reputation. ... Pesher is a Hebrew word meaning interpretation in the sense of solution. It became known from one group of the Dead Sea Scrolls. ...

Metaphysical marriage

Penitent Magdalene, by Antonio Canova.

Writers employing metaphysical analogy and allegory assert that Christ was already married — to the Church. This image goes back to Old Testament depictions of the covenant between God and his people as a marriage, especially in the books Hosea, Ezekiel and the Song of Songs. Imagery of marriage also appears in the Gospels and is applied to Jesus in the letters of the Apostle Paul (e.g. Ephesians 5:22-33) and in the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament. This was later expanded by the Church fathers. Some writers, following an early tradition that Jesus is in a mystical sense the second Adam that began with Paul and continued with Irenaeus and others, embody this sense with literal parallels: like the first Adam, his bride was taken from his side when he had fallen asleep (died on the cross). In medieval Christian anagogic exegesis, the blood and water which came from his side when he was pierced, was held to represent the bringing forth of the Church with its analogy in the water of baptism and the wine of the new covenant. Thus Christ can be said in an allegorical sense to already have a wife in the Church. By shifting from the metaphysical analogy to a literal marriage, it can then be considered impossible or intolerable to believe that he was literally married. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x1152, 266 KB) Photo notes: 45 degree shot (from Marys right) Title: Maddalena Penitente (english: The Repentant Mary Magdalene) Location: Hermitage, St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (864x1152, 266 KB) Photo notes: 45 degree shot (from Marys right) Title: Maddalena Penitente (english: The Repentant Mary Magdalene) Location: Hermitage, St. ... Self-portrait by Canova, 1792. ... Analogy is either the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than (and in addition to) the literal. ... NOTE: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh, but not Old Testament, because it does not recognize the New Testament as a continuation or completion of the Jewish bible. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Book of Hosea. ... Ezekiel the Prophet of the Hebrew Scriptures is depicted on a 1510 Sistine Chapel fresco by Michelangelo. ... Song of Solomon is also the title of a novel by Toni Morrison. ... Visions of John of Patmos, as depicted in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. ... The Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... It has been suggested that Adam be merged into this article or section. ... An engraving of Irenaeus ( 130–202), bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul (now Lyon, France). ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... This article discusses textual hermeneutics. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Covenant Theology (also known as Covenantalism or Federal theology) is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. ...

"Pagasa" Magdalene at the foot of the cross, Photo illustration by Niccolo Cosme(Philippines)

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (432x648, 145 KB)Pagasa(Hope) Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross a photo illustration by photographer Niccolo Cosme Philippines http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (432x648, 145 KB)Pagasa(Hope) Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross a photo illustration by photographer Niccolo Cosme Philippines http://www. ...

Mary Magdalene in popular culture

In film and literature:

• In Abel Ferrara's 2005 film "Mary", French actress Juliette Binoche is starring as an actress impersonating Mary Magdalene. Touched by her own work, she goes to Jerusalem, much to the chagrin of her director, played by Matthew Modine.
• The 2006 documentary film "Secrets of Mary Magdalene," based on Dan Burstein's and Arne J. De Keijzer's book by the same name, uncovers the mystery behind Mary Magdalene's life and legacy. Leading experts in the study of Mary Magdalene help seperate the facts from the fiction.

• The popular novel The Da Vinci Code and the movie based on it center around a mystery concerning the location of Mary Magdalene's tomb.

• The novel and movie The Last Temptation of Christ entertain the idea of Christ and Magdalene's marriage.
• Three Marys, a novel by Paul Park (Cosmos Books: 2003), refracts Jesus' life through the lives of the three women who were closest to him. The narrative alternates non-linearly between the viewpoints of Mother Mary, Mary of Magdala, and Mary the sister of Lazarus. The novel portrays Jesus and Mary Magdalene as husband and wife, and the wedding at Cana as their own. The book was so controversial that Park, a respected novelist, was unable to find a publisher for it for close to six years; he lost friends and was fired by his literary agent over it. Three Marys was finally published by a print-on-demand small press, and has been well-received critically.
• Donna Jo Napoli's novel Song of the Magdalene offers a childhood for Mary that makes sense of her actions in the New Testament.
• Nino Ricci's novel Testament (Houghton Mifflin: New York, 2003) tells the story of Jesus' ministry and fate through four first-person narratives, one of which is from the point of view of Miriam of Magdala.

In video games and comics: Born July 15, 1951 in The Bronx, Ferrara started his career in his teens, making amateur films on Super 8. ... This article is about the novel. ... The Da Vinci Code is a 2006 feature film based on the bestselling 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code, by author Dan Brown. ... The Last Temptation of Christ, also published as The Last Temptation, is a novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis, first published in 1951. ... Paul Park (b. ... Donna Jo Napoli is an author of childrens and young adult books, as well as a prominent linguist with work in syntax, phonetics, phonology, morphology, historical and comparative linguistics, Romance studies, structure of Japanese, structure of American Sign Language, poetics, writing for ESL students, and mathematical and linguistic analysis... Nino Ricci is a Canadian novelist who lives in Toronto, Ontario. ...

• Xenosaga Episode III: Also sprach Zarathustra, the third and final installment of the popular video games series Xenosaga for the Sony PlayStation 2, contains several references to Mary Magdalene. Three of the main characters of this third act, KOS-MOS, chaos and T-elos, seem to have significant connection with the mythical figure of Mary Magdalene. The true nature of this connection will be revealed only at the end of the game.
• The manga Chrono Crusade centers around the adventures of nun named Rosette Christopher and a demon named Chrono, Rosette being part of the Order of Magdalene. There is also a character named Mary Magdalene that appears in Chrono's flashbacks.
• The comic book Magdalena is about the descendants of Mary Magdalene, who are champions fighting for the Catholic Church against evil.

In music: This article is about computer and video games. ... Xenosaga ) is primarily a series of video games developed by Monolith Soft and published by Namco. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... PS2 redirects here. ... KOS-MOS Ver. ... chaos from Xenosaga: Episode III chaos (ケイオス) is a playable character in the Xenosaga series. ... The following is a list of major villains/antagonists in the Xenosaga series. ... This article or section may need to be cleaned up and rewritten because it describes a work of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. ... A comic book is a magazine or book containing the art form of comics. ... The Magdalena #1 The Magdalena is a comic book heroine published by Top Cow Productions. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... In religion and ethics, Evil refers to the bad aspects of the behaviour and reasoning of human beings —those which are deliberately void of conscience, and show a wanton desire for destruction. ...

• In the song, The Point of no Return by Immortal Technique, it is mentioned "Mary Magdalene giving birth to the children of Jesus".
• Pop singer Sandra's first major hit single, contained on her album "The Long Play", is titled "Maria Magdalena".
• The Tori Amos song "Mary's of the Sea" on her album The Beekeeper is about Mary Magdalene's travel to Gaul, based on the Gospel of Mary Magdalene. Amos has also alluded to the Magdalene in her songs "Past the Mission", "Talula", and "Mountain".
• A Perfect Circle song on their album Mer de Noms is titled "Magdalena".

Felipe Coronel (born February 19, 1978), better known as Immortal Technique, is a hip hop MC and political activist. ... Sandra and Michael Cretu on German TV Sandra is a famous German music group that consists primarily of Sandra Cretu (vocals) and Michael Cretu (writer and producer). ... Tori Amos (born Myra Ellen Amos on August 22, 1963) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter. ... The Beekeeper is an album by singer-songwriter Tori Amos. ... A Perfect Circle (often referred to as APC) was an alternative rock band, formed by guitarist Billy Howerdel. ... Mer de Noms is the first studio album by the art rock band A Perfect Circle. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Category:Mary Magdalene

• Black Madonna
• Ancient mysteries
• Saint Sarah
• Pistis Sophia
• Jesus bloodline, Rex Deus
• Yuz Asaf

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... A Black Madonna (or Black Virgin) is a statue or painting of Mary in which she is depicted with black skin. ... Ancient mysteries originate in the ancient or medieval world. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The important Gnostic text, the Pistis Sophia, in five copies, which scholars date c. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Rex Deus. ... According to some revisionist historians, the Rex Deus (Latin for King God) bloodline is, supposedly, the European branch of the descendants of both high priest Aaron and king David of ancient Israel, an elite of diaspora Israelites who have managed to preserve their dual lineage intact for some 2,000... Yuz Asaf (or Yus Asaph, or Shahzada Nabi Hazrat Yura Asaf) is believed, to be the name adopted by Jesus after he survived the crucifixion and subsequently migrated to Kashmir. ...

External links

• St Mary Magdalene, Catholic Encyclopaedia 1911
• Professor Christopher Witcombe's Art History course Da Vinci's Code section on Mary Magdalene at Sweet Briar College
• MaryMagdalene.Com
• Mary Magdalene's burial in St.Maximin le Ste.Baume in the Provence
• Magdalene.org: illus. modern lithograph by Richard Stoddard
• Mary Magdalen Research Guide: About.com (includes images of Pregnant Mary Magdalen)
• Convent of Saint Mary Magdalene
• St Mary Magdalen and the case for the ordination of women in the Catholic Church
• Legends of Mary Magdalene
• The Pesher of Christ: The Marriage of Jesus by Dr. Barbara Thiering
• Articles and more than 40 Paintings
• The Da Vinci Code and Mary Magdalene
• Myriam M'Gadolah: Mary Magdalene
• "Secrets of Mary Magdalene website"

Barbara Thiering ( 1930 – ) is a controversial Australian scholar with an international reputation. ...

References

• Amy Wellborn, de-coding Mary Magdalene: Truth, Legend, and Lies, Our Sunday Visitor 2006: a straightforward accounting of what is well-known of Mary Magdalene.
• Ann Graham Brock, Mary Magdalene, The First Apostle: The Struggle for Authority, Harvard University Press 2003: discusses issues of apostolic authority in the gospels and the Gospel of Peter the competition between Peter and Mary, especially in chapter 7, "The Replacement of Mary Magdalene: A Strategy for Eliminating the Competition".
• Birger A. Pearson, "Did Jesus Marry?" Bible Review, Spring 2005, pp 32-39 & 47 Discussion of complete texts.
• Stephen J. Shoemaker, "Rethinking the ‘Gnostic Mary’: Mary of Nazareth and Mary of Magdala in Early Christian Tradition", in Journal of Early Christian Studies, 9 (2001) pp 555-595.
• Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, The Templar Revelation, Simon & Schuster, 1997. Presents a hypothesis that Mary Magdalene was a priestess who was Jesus' partner in a sacred marriage.
• Joan Acocella. "The Saintly Sinner: The Two-Thousand-Year Obsession with Mary Magdalene". The New Yorker, February 13 & 20, 2006, p. 140-49. Prompted by controversy surrounding Dan Brown's the Da Vinci Code.
• Katherine Ludwig Jansen, The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages (Princeton University Press) 2000.
• Dan Burstein & Arne J. De Keijzer, Secrets of Mary Magdalane - CDS Books, 1593152051, 2006.