Saint Methodius was a Bishop (disambiguation). A bishop is an ordained priest who holds a specific position of authority in any of a number of Christian churches. Bishops in the New Testament The bishops role is typically called the episcopacy, because the word bishop is derived ultimately from the Greek word episkopos (ε... bishop of Great Moravia (Czech Velká Morava, Slovak Veľká Morava, Latin Magna Moravia) was a Slav state existing on the territory of present-day Moravia and Slovakia between 833 and the early 10th century. The first use of the designation Great Moravia stems from Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos in his work... Great Moravia ("Moravia") (born The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. The city is... Thessaloniki, Greece, formally called the Hellenic Republic ( Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), is a country in the southeast of Europe on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula. It has land boundaries with Bulgaria, the Former Yugoslav... Greece, Events The Danish king accepts Christianity. Tang Wen Zong succeeds Tang Jing Zong as emperor of China. Births Saint Methodius, missionary and Bible translator Deaths Theodore the Studite, monk and theologician (approximate date) Categories: 826 ... 826; he died in the (unknown) capital of Great Moravia, April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). There are 269 days remaining. Events 648 BC - Earliest solar eclipse recorded by the Ancient Greeks. 402 - Stilicho stymies the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia 1320 - The Scots reaffirm their... April 6, Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ... 885). Saint Methodius was the main translator of the The Bible (From Greek βιβλιος biblios, meaning book, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is a word applied to sacred scriptures. Although most often... Bible into Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic or Old Bulgarian, incorrectly Old Slavic ) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Solun (Thessaloniki) by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. It was used by them for translation of the Bible and other... Old Church Slavonic (see also The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. They form a distinct group of Indo-European languages, with speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia. Branches Scholars divide... Slavic languages) using the Tablet inscribed with the Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavonic alphabet. It was created by Saint Cyril around 862-863 in order to translate the Bible and other texts into the Slavonic language (more exactly, Old Church Slavonic). The name comes from the Old... Glagolitic alphabet created by his brother and collaborator See Saint Cyril (disambiguation) for other persons with this name. Saint Cyril (born in 827, Thessaloniki, Byzantine Empire (today Greece); died February 4, 869, Rome) was a Byzantine monk, scholar, theologian, and linguist. With his brother Methodius he is believed to have invented the Glagolitic alphabet, an alphabet used for... Saint Cyril.

Mission to the Slavs

But both brothers were now to enter upon the work which gives them their historical importance. An independent Slavonic Prince Albert of Monaco on the left represents a principality where he wields adminisitrative authority. Prince Charles of Wales represents a titular principality with no administrative authority. A principality is a monarchial feudatory or sovereign state, whose monarch is a prince or princess. The term is also sometimes used as... principality had been established by Rastislav, the king of Great Moravia (Czech Velká Morava, Slovak Veľká Morava, Latin Magna Moravia) was a Slav state existing on the territory of present-day Moravia and Slovakia between 833 and the early 10th century. The first use of the designation Great Moravia stems from Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos in his work... Great Moravia; and to maintain this independence it was necessary to assert also the ecclesiastical independence of his state, which had been, at least externally, Christianized from the German side. Hauck accepts the statement of Theotmar that Rastislav expelled the Teutonic clergy at the beginning of his contest with the Franks. He then turned to Constantinople to find teachers for his people. It is obvious that the opportunity to extend Byzantine influence among the Slavs would be there; and the task was entrusted to Cyril and Methodius. Their first work seems to have been the training of assistants. The assertion that Cyril now undertook his translation of part of the Bible contradicts the statement of the Legenda that it had already been made before his undertaking of the Great Moravian mission; and the oldest Slavonic documents have a southern character. Cyril is designated by both friends and opponents of contemporary date as the inventor of the Slavonic script. This would not exclude the possibility of his having made use of earlier letters, but implies only that before him the Slavs had no distinct script of their own for use in writing books. The so-called Glagolitic script can be traced back at least to the middle of the tenth century, possibly even into the ninth; it presupposes a man of some education as its originator, and is evidently derived principally from the Greek, but also partly from the Latin cursive. The Cyrillian script is undoubtedly later in origin, and apparently was first used in The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the east, Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north along the river Danube. National motto: Съ... Bulgaria. It is impossible to determine with certainty what portions of the Bible the brothers translated. Apparently the The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Scriptures, is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. The term is a translation of the Latin Novum Testamentum, which translates the Greek Η Καινη Δια... New Testament and the Psalms (Tehilim תהילים, in Hebrew) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Because the book consists of songs or chants, a psalm can be used to mean any religious chant or poem of praise... Psalms were the first, followed by other lessons from the The Old Testament or the Hebrew Scriptures constitutes the first major part of the Christian Bible, usually divided into the categories law, history, poetry (or wisdom books) and prophecy. All of these books were written before the birth of Jesus. Canon of the Old Testament Main article: Biblical canon The... Old Testament. The Translatio speaks only of a version of the For the genre of Christian-themed music, see gospel music. Gospels are a genre of ancient literature concerning the life of Jesus. The word derives from the Old English word for Good News, a translation of the Greek word ευαγγελιον, euangelion... Gospels by Cyril, and the Vita Methodii only of the evangelium Slovenicum; but this does not prove that Cyril did not translate other liturgical selections (see BIBLE VERSIONS, B, XVI., § 1). The question has been much discussed which liturgy, that of The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. It is located on the lower Tiber river, near the Mediterranean Sea, at 41°50N, 12°15E. The Vatican City State, a sovereign enclave within Rome, is the seat... Rome or that of Map of Constantinople. Constantinople (Roman name: Constantinopolis; Modern Greek: Konstantinoupoli or Κωνσταντινούπολη) is the former name of the city of Istanbul in todays Turkey. Today, Constantinople is the area between the Golden Horn and... Constantinople, they took as a source. Since, however, the opposition objected only to the liturgical use of the Slavonic language, not to any alleged departure from the Roman type of liturgy, it is probable that the Western source was used. This view is confirmed by the "Prague Fragments" and by certain Old Glagolitic liturgical fragments brought from Jerusalem ( Modern Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim, Biblical and trad. Sephardi Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַםִ, Arabic: القدس al-Quds, see also names of Jerusalem) is... Jerusalem to Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. As of 2003, Kiev officially had 2,642,486 inhabitants, although the large number... Kief and there discovered by Saresnewsky-- probably the oldest document for the Slavonic tongue; these adhere closely to the Latin type, as is shown by the words "mass", "preface", and the name of one Felicitas. In any case, the circumstances were such that the brothers could hope for no permanent success without obtaining the authorization of Rome.

Appeal to Rome

Accordingly, they went to Rome after three and a half years of labor, passing through Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory of present-day countries: Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia... Pannonia (the The Balaton Principality (also called Pannonian or Transdanubian Principality, in Slovak: Blatensk kniežatstvo, in Bulgarian: Blatensko Knezevstvo) (839/840-876) was a Slavic principality (duchy) located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between rivers Danube to its east, Drava and Mura to the south, the R... Balaton Principality), where they were well received by Prince Koceľ (Kocelj, Kozel). The account of a discussion in Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Gondola. Venice (Italian Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto, population 274,000 (2003). The city stretches across numerous small islands in a marshy lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. The saltwater lagoon stretches... Venice on the use of Slavonic in the liturgy is doubtful. But there is no question of their welcome in Rome, due partly to their bringing with them the relics of Saint Clement; the rivalry with Constantinople, too, as to the jurisdiction over the territory of the Slavs would incline Rome to value the brothers and their influence. The learning of Cyril was also prized; Anastasius calls him not long after "the teacher of the Apostolic See". The ordination of the brothers' Slav disciples was performed by Formosus and Gauderic, two prominent bishops, and the newly made priests officiated in their own tongue at the altars of some of the principal churches. Feeling his end approaching, Cyril put on the monastic habit and died fifty days later ( February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 320 days remaining, 321 in leap years. Events 1014 - Pope Boniface I recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany. 1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. 1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared... 14 February Events Western Emperor Louis II allies with eastern Emperor Basil I against the Saracens. Charles the Bald tries to take the kingdom of Lothair II after the latters death, but finds resistance from Louis the German The Fourth Council of Constantinople (5 October 869-28 February 870) is called... 869). There is practically no basis for the assertion of the Translatio (ix.) that he was made a bishop; and the name of Cyril seems to have been given to him only after his death.

Methodius as Bishop

Methodius now continued the work among the Slavs alone; not at first in Great Moravia, but in Pannonia (in the The Balaton Principality (also called Pannonian or Transdanubian Principality, in Slovak: Blatensk kniežatstvo, in Bulgarian: Blatensko Knezevstvo) (839/840-876) was a Slavic principality (duchy) located in the western part of the Pannonian plain, between rivers Danube to its east, Drava and Mura to the south, the R... Balaton Principality), owing to the political circumstances of the former country, where Rastislav had been taken captive by his nephew Svatopluk, then delivered over to Carloman, and condemned in a diet of the empire at the end of 870. Friendly relations, on the other hand, had been established with Koceľ on the journey to Rome. This activity in Pannonia, however, made a conflict inevitable with the German episcopate, and especially with the bishop of This page is for the city of Salzburg. For the surrounding state of Salzburg, see: Salzburg (state) Fountain in the Residenzplatz Flag of Salzburg Salzburg (population 145,000 in 2003) is a city in western Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg (population 520,000 in 2003... Salzburg, to whose jurisdiction Pannonia had belonged for seventy-five years. In Events Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866). Ragnar Lodbrok invades England, but is defeated by king Ella of Northumbria A Russian expedition for the first time threatens Constantinople. Louis the German divides his kingdom among his sons. Lothair, threatened with excommunication, takes back his first wife, Harald Harfagre... 865 Bishop Adalwin is found exercising all episcopal rights there, and the administration under him was in the hands of the archpriest Riehbald. The latter was obliged to retire to Salzburg, but his superior was aturally disinclined to abandon his claims. Methodius sought support from Rome; the Vita asserts that Koceľ sent him thither with an honorable escort to receive episcopal consecration. The letter given as Adrian's in chap. viii., with its approval of the Slavonic mass, is a pure invention. It is noteworthy that the pope named Methodius not bishop of Pannonia, but archbishop of Sirmium, thus superseding the claims of Salzburg by an older title. The statement of the Vita that Methodius was made bishop in Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. The Danes invade England and conquer East Anglia. Among the buildings destroyed by the Danish invaders are the abbey of Ely and the monastery of Peterborough. December 31 - King Alfred of Wessex beats the Danes at Englefield, Berkshire. First of... 870 and not raised to the dignity of an archbishop until Events Viking raid of Dorestad. Births Deaths abu al-Kindi, scientist Categories: 873 ... 873 is contradicted by the brief of John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. He is often considered one of the ablest pontiffs of the 9th century. He was born in Rome. Among the reforms achieved during his pontificate was a notable administrative reorganisation of the papal curia. With little help from European kings, he attempted... Pope John VIII, written in June, Events Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona, founded the benedictine monastery at Ripoll. Births Olga of Kiev Deaths Louis the Stammerer, king of the West Franks Rurik, ruler of Novgorod Heads of states France - Louis III, king of France (879-882) Categories: 879 ... 879, according to which Adrian consecrated him archbishop; John includes in his jurisdiction not only Great Moravia and Pannonia, but Servia as well.

Methodius and the Germans

The archiepiscopal claims of Methodius were considered such an injury to the rights of Salzburg that he was forced to answer for them at a synod held at Regensburg in the presence of King Louis. The assembly, after a heated discussion, declared the deposition of the intruder, and ordered him to be sent to Germany, where he was kept a prisoner for two years and a half. In spite of the strong representations of the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum, written in 871 to influence the pope, though not avowing this purpose, Rome declared emphatically for Methodius, and sent a bishop, Paul of Ancons, to reinstate him and punish his enemies, after which both parties were commanded to appear in Rome with the legate. The papal will prevailed, and Methodius secured his freedom and his archiepiscopal authority over both Great Moravia and Pannonia, though the use of Slavonic for the mass was still denied to him. His authority was restricted in Pannonia when after Koceľ's death the principality was administered by German nobles; but Svatopluk now ruled with practical independence in Great Moravia, and expelled the German clergy. This apparently secured an undisturbed field of operation for Methodius; and the Vita (x.) depicts the next few years (873–879) as a period of fruitful progress. Methodius seems to have disregarded, wholly or in part, the prohibition of the Slavonic liturgy; and when Frankish clerics again found their way into the country, and the archbishop's strictness had displeased the licentious Svatopluk, this was made a cause of complaint against him at Rome, coupled with charges regarding the In Christian theology the filioque clause (and the Son) is a disputed part of the Nicene Creed. Following John 15:26b, the Nicene Creed states that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father. This creed was first promulgated at the First Council of Nicea in 325 and modified at the... Filioque. Methodius vindicated his orthodoxy at Rome, the more easily as the creed was still recited there without the Filioque clause, and promised to obey in regard to the liturgy. The other party was conciliated by giving him a Swabian, Wiching, as his coadjutor. When relations were strained between the two, John VIII steadfastly supported Methodius; but after his death (December Events Carloman, King of the West Franks becomes sole king upon the death of his brother. Marinus I becomes pope. Births Deaths August 5: Louis III, king of West Francia Pope John VIII Heads of states France - Louis III, king of France (879_882) Categories: 882 ... 882) the archbishop's position became insecure, and his need of support induced Goetz to accept the statement of the Vita (xiii.) that he went to visit the Eastern emperor. It was not, however, until after his death, which is placed, though not certainly, on April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). There are 267 days remaining. Events up to 19th century 1730 - Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated. 1742 - The first performance of George Frideric Handels oratorio The... 8 April Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ... 885, an open conflict eventuated. Gorazd, whom he had designated as his successor, was not recognised by Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. In his dealings with Constantinople in the matter of Photius, as also in his relations with the young Slavonic church, he pursued the policy of Pope Nicholas I. There is a problem in... Pope Stephen VI, and was soon expelled, with the other followers of Methodius.

Reference

• This article includes content derived from the The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of... public domain The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a 1914 religious encyclopedia, published in thirteen volumes. It focuses on Christianity from a primarily Protestant point of view. Edited by the reverend Philip Schaff (1819-1893) in its English language version, it was based on the third edition of the Realencyklop... Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914.