Coordinates: 48.20833° N 16.37278° E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

St. Stephen's Cathedral (German: Stephansdom) is the main religious edifice in Vienna, Austria. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna, who is currently Cardinal Christoph M. Schönborn, O.P. In addition, it is one of the city's symbols, as well as the site of many important events in Austria's national life. St. ... “Wien” redirects here. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Archbishop of Vienna is the metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of Vienna, which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. ... Christoph Cardinal Schönborn. ... The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum), more commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic religious order. ...

St. Stephen's Cathedral in 1912. At the right is the south tower, symbol of Vienna for centuries. At the left are the two Roman towers of the main front of the cathedral.

Download high resolution version (385x626, 126 KB)Picture of the Cathedral of Saint Stephan in Vienna taken in 1912 (German Wikipedia) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (385x626, 126 KB)Picture of the Cathedral of Saint Stephan in Vienna taken in 1912 (German Wikipedia) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

History

St. Stephen's Cathedral was first built as a parish church of the Diocese of Passau in 1147 and rebuilt and enlarged over the centuries, with major new work concluding in 1511, although repair and restoration have continued from the beginning to the present day. The Bishop of Passau is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau in the Archdiocese of München und Freising . ...

It was previously thought that the church had been built in an open field outside the city walls; but excavations for a long-awaited heating system during 2000 revealed graves that were carbon-dated to the fourth century, 2.5 meters below the surface. The 430 skeletons were then moved to the catacombs. Thousands of others must have been buried in the ancient cemetery of this neighbourhood, starting in Roman times; and this, instead of the Ruprechtskirche, may be the oldest church site in Vienna. Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years[1]. Raw, i. ... The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ... St. ...

The first recorded church here was founded in 1137, by Duke Leopold IV in a contract with Reginmar, Bishop of Passau. The church was dedicated to St. Stephen, the patron of the bishop's cathedral in Passau, and is oriented toward the sunrise on his feast day (26 December) in the year its construction began. The first church building was built in the Romanesque style starting in 1137 and consecrated ten years later. It was extended westward from 1230 to 1245. The present west wall and Roman towers date from 1237. Leopold IV, the Generous (c. ... The Bishop of Passau is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau in the Archdiocese of München und Freising . ... St. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with a saint, and referring to the day as the saints day of that saint. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Amiens floorplan: massive piers support the west end towers; transepts are abbreviated; seven radiating chapels form the chevet reached from the ambulatory This article discusses cathedral diagrams. ... South transept of Tournai Cathedral, Belgium, 12th century. ... To consecrate an inanimate object is to dedicate it in a ritual to a special purpose, usually religious. ...

Growth of St. Stephen's Cathedral: The Roman towers and Giant's Door from the burned-out first church were used as part of the Romanesque second church built to replace it. Forty years later, construction began on the Gothic Albertine Choir; 55 years after that, Duke Rudolf IV's additions enlarging the structure began, around the second church that was later dismantled, leaving the third church as the Stephansdom seen today.

After a great fire in the city in 1258, a larger replacement structure, also Romanesque and reusing the Roman towers, was consecrated, on 23 April 1263, an anniversary highlighted each year by a rare ringing of the Pummerin bell for three minutes in the evening. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x657, 113 KB) Growth of the Stephansdom: The Roman towers and Giant door remain from the first church and were used as part of the second church. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x657, 113 KB) Growth of the Stephansdom: The Roman towers and Giant door remain from the first church and were used as part of the second church. ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... Pummerin (Boomer) is the name of the two largest bells in the history of the Stephansdom in Vienna. ...

In 1304, Emperor Albert I ordered construction of a Gothic three-naved choir, further east of the church and wide enough to meet the tips of the old transepts. Work continued under his son Duke Albert II; this latest work was consecrated in 1340, on the 77th anniversary of the previous consecration. The motif of the north nave furnishings was St. Mary; the middle nave was for St. Stephen and All the Saints; and the Apostles were honoured in the south nave. This part of the present cathedral, east of the present stubby transepts, is called the Albertine Choir. Albrecht I of Habsburg (July 1255 – May 1, 1308), sometimes named as Albert I, was King of Germany, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... Cathedral ground plan. ... Albert II of Austria (born December 12, 1298 on the Habsburg (Aargau); died August 16, 1358 in Vienna; known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... For other uses, see Twelve Apostles (disambiguation). ... Cathedral ground plan. ...

On 7 April 1359 Albert II's son Duke Rudolf IV (who is called "the founder") laid the cornerstone in the vicinity of the present south tower for a Gothic extension of Albert's choir westward to encapsulate the existing second church. That old church was then removed from the embrace of the new one in 1430 as work around it progressed. April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389) Berlin joins the Hanseatic League. ... Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1, 1339 in Vienna, died July 27, 1365 in Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365. ...

In 1433 the south tower was finished. Vaulting of the nave began in 1446 and the nave was completed in 1474. In 1450 the foundation was laid for the north tower, but work on it was abandoned in 1511. Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ...

Although it was merely a parish church, in 1365 Rudolf IV presumptuously established a chapter of canons here, such as a cathedral would have. It was a long-held desire of Vienna, with its rising importance, to become its own diocese. Despite long-standing resistance by the bishops of Passau who did not want to lose control of the area, in 1469 Emperor Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor prevailed upon Pope Paul II to grant Vienna its own bishop (appointed then and thereafter by the emperor) and so the Stephansdom became a cathedral. (During the reign of Emperor Karl VI, the see was elevated to an archbishopric in 1722 by Pope Innocent XIII.) This article incorporates text from the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain. ... Canons, Bruges A Canon of the Seminary, Sint Niklaas, Flanders. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... There were three rulers known as Frederick (German Friedrich) III of Germany: Frederick the Handsome, Duke of Austria from 1308 to 1330, who was elected as German King in the time of Louis the Bavarian (1326) as the result of a compromise between the Houses of Wittelsbach and Habsburg. ... Pope Paul II (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI (October 1, 1685 - October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ... A see (from the Latin word sedem, meaning seat) is the throne (cathedra) of a bishop. ... Innocent XIII, né Michelangelo dei Conti (Poli, near Rome, May 13, 1655 – March 7, 1724 in Rome), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706. ...

St. Stephen's Cathedral was saved from intentional destruction at the hands of retreating German forces during World War II, when Captain Gerhard Klinkicht disregarded orders from the city commandant, Sepp Dietrich, to "fire a hundred shells and leave it in just debris and ashes." Wehrmacht   (armed forces, literally defence force(s)) was the name of the armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... SS-Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich Josef Sepp Dietrich also known as Ujac (May 28, 1892–April 21/22, 1966) was a German Waffen-SS general, an SS-Oberstgruppenführer, and one of the closest men to Hitler. ...

One of the fires set by civilian plunderers of nearby shops when Russian troops entered the city was carried by the wind to the cathedral, severely damaging it on 12 April 1945 as the roof collapsed. Fortunately, protective brick shells had been built around the pulpit, Frederick III's tomb, and other treasures, so that damage to the most valuable artworks was minimized. Unfortunately, the beautifully carved Rollinger choir stalls from 1487 were burned. Rebuilding began immediately, with a limited reopening on 12 December 1948 and a full reopening on 23 April 1952. is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... April 23 is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Exterior

The Romanesque and Gothic cathedral stands in the Stephansplatz, an extension of the main shopping street, the Kärtnerstraße, in the heart of Vienna. Interior of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... Stock-im-Eisen-Platz 1895, showing the row of buildings that used to separate Stephansplatz from Stock-im-Eisen-Platz The Stephansplatz is a square at the geographical centre of Vienna. ...

The Stephansdom is 107 meters (350 feet) long and 34 meters (112 feet) wide, and built of limestone.-1...

The soot accumulated over centuries has been removed in recent years, changing its colour from black to white.

Towers

View from the northwest, showing the tall south tower (with some temporary scaffolding visible behind it) and the shorter north tower, along with one of the mosaics formed by the roof tiles. In the lower left is some of the decoration above the St. John of Capistrano outdoor pulpit.

St. Stephen's Cathedral's massive south tower (at location ST on the Plan below) is the dominant feature of the Vienna skyline at 136 meters (445 feet) and is affectionately called Steffl (a German diminutive form of Stephen) by the Viennese. It served as the main observation and command post for the defence of the walled city during the Siege of Vienna in 1529 and again during the second siege in 1683. It is as much the most recognised symbol of Vienna as the Eiffel Tower is of Paris. Its construction took 65 years to complete, from 1368 to 1433, and it contains an apartment for the watchmen who, for centuries (ending in 1955), manned the tower during the night to ring its bells if they spotted a fire. The tip of the tower has the double eagle imperial emblem with the Habsburg-Lorraine coat of arms on its chest, surmounted by the double-armed apostolic cross symbolic of the emperors' style Apostolic Majesty as kings of Hungary. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2234 KB) de: Stephansdom, Wien en: Stephansdom (St Stephen Cathedral), Vienna es: Stephansdom (Catedral San Esteban), Viena fr: Stephansdom (Cathédrale St Étienne), Vienna Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Stephansdom ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1944x2592, 2234 KB) de: Stephansdom, Wien en: Stephansdom (St Stephen Cathedral), Vienna es: Stephansdom (Catedral San Esteban), Viena fr: Stephansdom (Cathédrale St Étienne), Vienna Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Stephansdom ... A diminutive is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment. ... // Combatants Austria with Bohemian, German & Spanish mercenaries Ottoman Empire Commanders Nicholas, Graf von Salm Suleiman I Strength over 16,000 [1] 120,000 [1] Casualties Unknown Unknown The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was the Ottoman Empires first attempt to... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... The Eiffel Tower (French: , ) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the River Seine in Paris, France. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Habsburg - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Patriarchal cross The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the universal religious symbol of Christendom. ...

The Roman Towers on the west front. The arch between them is not the Giant's Door, but the large window above that door.

The north tower (at location NT), planned as a twin to the south tower, has not been completed and is only half as tall, at 68 meters (223 feet). It was given a temporary cap that the Viennese call the "water tower top" when its construction paused in 1511. Construction has not yet resumed. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 854 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 854 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

The main entrance is called the Giant's Door (Riesentor) from the bone of a mastodon that once hung over it. The tympanum above the entrance depicts Christ Pantocrator, flanked by two winged angels. Mastodons or Mastodonts (meaning nipple-teeth) are members of the extinct genus Mammut of the order Proboscidea and form the family Mammutidae; they resembled, but were distinct from, the woolly mammoth which belongs to the family Elephantidae. ... The Romanesque tympanum of Vézelay Abbey, Burgundy, France, 1130s. ... For other uses, see Pantokrator (disambiguation). ...

On the left and on the right of the Giant's Door are the two Roman towers'(at locations RT on the Plan below) which are about 65 meters (215 feet) tall. They are called "Roman" (heidnischen in old Viennese dialect) because they were built from rubble of structures built by the Romans during their occupation of the city site. Square at their bases, and octagonal when they rise above the roof, these Heidentürme housed bells, and although the south Roman tower lost its bells during World War II, the north one is still a working bell tower.

Along with the Giant's Door, the Roman Towers are the oldest parts of the church.

St. Stephen's roof mosaic.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 716 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1361 × 1139 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 716 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1361 × 1139 pixel, file size: 1. ...

Roof

A glory of St. Stephen's Cathedral is its ornately patterned, richly coloured roof, 111 meters (361 feet) long, and covered by 230,000 glazed tiles. Above the choir on the south side of the building the tiles form a mosaic of the double-headed eagle that is symbolic of the empire ruled from Vienna by the Habsburg dynasty. On the north side the coats of arms of the City of Vienna and of the Republic of Austria are depicted. In 1945, fire caused by World War II damage to nearby buildings leapt to the north tower of the cathedral and went on to destroy the wooden framework of the roof. Replicating the original bracing for so large a roof (it rises 38 meters above the floor) would have required an entire square kilometre of forest, so over 600 metric tons of steel bracing were used instead. The roof is so steep that it is sufficiently cleaned by the rain alone and is seldom covered by snow. Mission, or barrel, roof tiles A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, porcelain, metal or even glass. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ... Scholars debate about what exactly constitutes an empire (from the Latin imperium, denoting military command within the ancient Roman government). ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Heraldry is the science and art of describing of coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A forest is an area with a high density of trees (or, historically, a wooded area set aside for hunting). ... A tonne (also called metric ton) is a non-SI unit of mass, accepted for use with SI, defined as: 1 tonne = 103 kg (= 106 g). ...

Bells

St. Stephen's Cathedral has 23 bells. A bell is a simple sound-making device. ...

The largest is officially named for St. Mary, but usually called Pummerin ("Boomer") and hangs in the north tower. At 20,130 kilograms (44,380 pounds), it is the largest in Austria and the second largest swinging bell in Europe (after the 23,500-kilogram (51,800-pound) Peter in Cologne Cathedral). Originally cast in 1711 from cannons captured from the Muslim invaders, it was recast (partly from its original metal) in 1951 after crashing onto the floor when its wooden cradle burned during the 1945 fire. The new bell has a diameter of 3.14 metres (9.6 feet) and was a gift from the province of Upper Austria. It sounds on only a few special occasions each year, including the arrival of the new year. There are three other bells hanging in this tower, but they are older and no longer used. Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... Pummerin (Boomer) is the name of the two largest bells in the history of the Stephansdom in Vienna. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... The pound (abbreviations: lb or, sometimes in the United States, #) is a unit of mass (called weight in everyday parlance) in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom, official name: ) is one of the best-known architectural monuments in Germany and has been Colognes most famous landmark since its completion in the late 19th century. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

Pulpit of John Capistrano.

A peal of eleven electrically operated bells, cast in 1960, hangs in the soaring south tower. Replacements for other ancient bells also lost in the 1945 fire, they are used during Masses at the cathedral: four are used for an ordinary Mass; the quantity increases to as many as ten for a major holiday Mass; and the eleventh and largest is added when the Cardinal Archbishop of Vienna himself is present. From the largest to the smallest, they are named the St. Stephen (5,700 kg); St. Leopold (2,300 kg); St. Christopher (1,350 kg); St. Leonhard (950 kg); St. Josef (700 kg); St. Peter Canisius (400 kg); St. Pius X (280 kg); All Saints (200 kg); St. Clement Maria Hofbauer (120 kg); St. Michael (60 kg); and St. Tarsicius (35 kg). Also in this tallest tower are the Primglocke (recast in 1772) and the Uhrschälle (cast in 1449), which mark the passing of the hours. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 290 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (450 × 930 pixel, file size: 204 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 290 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (450 × 930 pixel, file size: 204 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... The Archbishop of Vienna is the metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of Vienna, which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. ... St. ... Leopold III (1073 – November 15, 1136), Margrave of Austria 1095-1136, also known as Saint Leopold (his feast day being November 15), patron saint of Austria in general and of Vienna, Lower Austria and jointly with Saint Florian of Upper Austria in particular. ... For other uses, see Saint Christopher (disambiguation). ... Leonard of Noblac or of Limoges (also known as Lienard, Linhart, Leonhard, Léonard, Leonardo) (died traditionally in 559), according to the romance that accrued to his name recorded in an 11th-century vita, was a Frankish noble in the court of Clovis I. He was converted to Christianity along... For other uses, see Saint Joseph (disambiguation). ... Saint Petrus Canisius (May 8, 1521 – December 21, 1597) was an important Jesuit who fought against the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, and Switzerland. ... Pope St. ... The festival of All Saints, also sometimes known as All Saints Day, All Hallows or Hallowmas (hallows meaning saints, and mas meaning Mass), is a feast celebrated in the honour of all the saints, known and unknown. ... St. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome) tramples Satan. ... Alexandre Falguière: Tarcisius, Christian martyr, 1868, musée dOrsay St. ...

"Christ with a Toothache" (Zahnweh-Herrgott) at location CT.

The north Roman tower contains six bells, five of which were cast in 1772, that ring for evening prayers and toll for funerals. They are working bells of the cathedral and their names usually recall their original uses: Feuerin ("fire alarm" but now used as a call to evening prayers) cast in 1859; Kantnerin (calling the cantors (musicians) to Mass); Feringerin (used for High Mass on Sundays); Bieringerin ("beer ringer" for last call at taverns); Poor Souls (the funeral bell); and Churpötsch (donated by the local curia in honor of the Maria Pötsch icon in the cathedral). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 590 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 590 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people, i. ...

The 1945 fire destroyed the bells that hung in the south Roman tower. Year 1945and died 2007 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

It is said that the composer Ludwig van Beethoven discovered the totality of his deafness when he saw birds flying out of the bell tower as a result of the bells' tolling but couldn't hear the bells. A portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler, 1820 Ludwig van Beethoven (IPA: ), (baptized December 17, 1770[1] – March 26, 1827) was a German composer. ...

Fixtures

Along the outside walls of the cathedral can be seen Image File history File links Information. ... Shortcut: WP:CU Marking articles for cleanup This page is undergoing a transition to an easier-to-maintain format. ...

• two iron bars, to the north of the main entrance, that were official Viennese ell length standards for verifying the measure of different types of cloth sold during the Middle Ages. Each city had its own set of measures, and the public availability of these standards allowed visiting merchants to comply with the local regulations.

Memorial to W.A. Mozart near location SJC.

• a memorial tablet (near location SJC on the Plan below) recounting Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's relationship with the cathedral, including the fact that he had been appointed an adjunct music director here shortly before his death. This was his parish church when he lived at the "Figaro House" and he was married here, two of his children were baptised here, and his funeral was held in the Chapel of the Cross (at location PES) inside. It is often mistakenly stated that Mozart died poor and so was buried in an unmarked pauper's grave. The truth is that under burial laws decreed in 1784, all — rich or poor — were required to be buried unembalmed and without coffins in communal graves. These laws were still in effect when Mozart died in 1791.
• the pulpit (now outdoors at location SJC) from which St. John Capistrano preached a crusade in 1454 to hold back Muslim invasions of Christian Europe. (The Muslims invaded in 1529 and again in 1683, but were turned back from Europe both times by the resistance of Vienna to the sieges it endured.) The 18th century Baroque statue shows St. Francis under an extravagant sunburst, trampling on a beaten Turk. This was the original cathedral's main pulpit inside until it was replaced by Pilgram's pulpit in 1515.

• a figure (at location CT) affectionately known to the Viennese as "Christ with a toothache", from the agonized expression of his face.
• various other memorials, from the time the area outside the cathedral was a cemetery.
• a recently-restored 15th century sundial, on a flying buttress at the southwest corner (location S).

An ell, when used as a unit of length, is usually 45 inches, i. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 424 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 424 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (IPA: , baptized Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart) (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. ... Saint Giovanni da Capistrano (English:John Capistrano, June 24, 1386 – October 23, 1456), Italian friar, theologian and inquisitor, was born in the village of Capistrano, in the diocese of Sulmona in the Abruzzi. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      A Christian () is a... A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... Numerous saints have been named Francis. ... Wall sundial-a vertical direct south dial Wall sundial in Warsaws Old Town- a vertical south west decliner dial A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. ... Flying buttresses at Bath Abbey, Bath, England. ...

Interior

Der alte Frauenaltar. View from side aisle.

Plan of St. Stephen's Cathedral, with features mentioned in this article marked with red letters. CT "Christ with a Toothache" sculpture; Fr3 Tomb of Emperor Frederick III; G Giant's Door HA High Altar; MP Maria Pötsch icon; NT North Tower; P Pulpit; PES Prince Eugene of Savoy burial chapel; RT Roman Towers; S Sundial; SJC Saint John of Capistrano pulpit; ST South Tower; WNA Wiener Neustädter Altar;

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 396 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2268 × 3430 pixel, file size: 510 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) St. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 396 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2268 × 3430 pixel, file size: 510 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2398x3279, 1008 KB) Summary Floor plan of St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2398x3279, 1008 KB) Summary Floor plan of St. ... Emperor Frederick III Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ...

Altars

There are 18 altars in the main part of the church, and more in the various chapels. The High Altar and the Wiener Neustädt Altar are the most famous. Look up Altar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ...

High Altar [HA]

The first focal point of any visitor is the distant High Altar, built over seven years from 1641 to 1647 as part of the first refurbishment of the cathedral in the baroque style. The altar was built by the Tobias Pock at the direction of Vienna's Bishop Philipp Friedrich Graf Breuner with marble from Poland, Styria and Tyrol. Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens. ... Tobias Pock (or Poch, Bock or Pockh) (Konstanz, 1609 - Vienna, 12 June 1683) was an Austrian Baroque painter from Swabian descent, a pioneer of sacral art. ... Styria (Steiermark in German, Štajerska in Slovenian) can refer to: Styria - a federal state of Austria Styria - an informal province in Slovenia Styria - a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and crownland of Austria-Hungary This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... Coat of arms of Tyrol: *[1] The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ...

The altarpiece shows the stoning of St. Stephen, this church's patron. It is framed by figures of the patron saints of the surrounding areas — Saints Leopold, Florian, Sebastian and Rochus — and surmounted with a statute of St. Mary which draws the beholder's eye to a glimpse of heaven where Christ waits for Stephen (the first martyr) to ascend from below. St. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Wiener Neustädter Altar [WNA]

The Wiener Neustädter Altar. TPL=deca doc.tpl;LIST TPL=deca list.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=Pummerin ;N ftxt=0;R ftxt==;ikufo=;N kufo=1;R kufo==;i024=wien;N 024=2;R 024==;i031=;N 031=3;R 031==;i029=;N 029=4;R 029==;iauen=;N auen=5;R auen==;i039=;N 039=6;R 039==&KEY=fot w0009501 Another view

This altar at the head of the north nave was made in 1447 on the orders of Emperor Frederick III, whose tomb is opposite it, at the head of the south nave. On the predella is his famous A.E.I.O.U. device. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Emperor Frederick III Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... A predella is the platform or step on which an altar stands. ... See AEIOU (disambiguation) for other meanings of AEIOU AEIOU, or A.E.I.O.U. was a device utilised by the Habsburgs emperors. ...

Frederick ordered it for the Cistercian Viktring Abbey (near Klagenfurt) where it remained until the abbey was closed in 1786 as part of Emperor Joseph II's anti-clerical reforms. It was then sent to the Cistercian monastery of St. Bernard of Clairvaux (founded by Emperor Frederick III) in the city of Wiener Neustadt, and finally sold in 1885 to St. Stephen's Cathedral when the Wiener Neustadt monastery was closed after merging with Heiligenkreuz Abbey. The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin Cistercenses), otherwise Gimey or White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which is worn a black scapular or apron) are a Catholic order of monks. ... Viktring Abbey (Stift Viktring) was a Cistercian monastery in Viktring near Klagenfurt in Carinthia, Austria. ... Klagenfurt (Slovenian: Celovec), since July 3, 2007 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (Slovenian: Celovec ob vrbskem jezeru) is the capital of the federal state of Carinthia (German Kärnten), in Austria. ... Joseph II (full name: Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michel Adam; March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... Anti-clericalism is a movement that opposes religious interference into public and political life and more generally the encroachment of religion in the citizens lives. ... Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (Fontaines, near Dijon, 1090 – August 21, 1153 in Clairvaux) was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian monastic order. ... Wiener Neustadt (Hungarian: Bécsújhely) is located south of Vienna in the state of Lower Austria. ... Heiligenkreuz Abbey Heiligenkreuz Abbey (Stift Heiligenkreuz, Closter Heiligen Creyz or Santa Crux) is a Cistercian monastery in the Wienerwald, eight miles north-west of Baden bei Wien in Lower Austria. ...

A project to restore the altar was begun on the 100th anniversary, in 1985, and, primarily because of the large surface area (100 square meters) involved, took 20 years, 10 art restorers, 40,000 man-hours, and €1.3 million to complete.

The altarpiece is composed of two triptychs, the upper being four times taller than the lower one. When the lower panels are opened, the gothic grate of the former reliquary depot above the altar is revealed. The Annunciation Triptych is an altarpiece, ca. ... The Raising of the Cross, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp A triptych (from the Greek tri- three + ptychē fold) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) which is divided into three sections, or three carved panels which are hinged together. ... For the band Reliquary, click here. ...

On weekdays, the four panels are closed and display a drab painted scene involving 72 saints. On Sundays, the panels are opened showing gilded wooden figures depicting events in the life of the Virgin Mary. Gilding is the art of spreading gold, either by mechanical or by chemical means, over the surface of a body for the purpose of ornament. ... The term Virgin Mary has several different meanings: Mary, the mother of Jesus, the historical and multi-denominational concept of Mary Blessed Virgin Mary, the Roman Catholic theological and doctrinal concept of Mary Marian apparitions shrines to the Virgin Mary Virgin Mary in Islam, the Islamic theological and doctrinal concept...

Maria Pócs (Maria Pötsch) Icon [MP]

Pötscher Madonna.

This Byzantine style icon of St. Mary with the child Jesus was originally in the Uniate church in the Hungarian town of Pócs (pronounced Poach), from which this Marian icon takes its name. After two miraculous incidents in 1696 of the mother in the picture shedding real tears, Emperor Leopold I, king of Hungary, ordered it brought to St. Stephen's Cathedral, where it would safe from the French-supported Muslim armies that still controlled much of Hungary. Upon its arrival after a triumphal 5-month journey in 1697, Empress Eleonora Magdalena commissioned the splendid Rosa Mystica oklad and framework (now one of several) for it, and the Emperor personally ordered the icon placed near the High Altar in the front of the church, where it stood prominently from 1697 until 1945. Since then, it has been in a different framework, above an altar under a medieval stone baldachin near the southwest corner of the nave — where the many burning candles indicate the extent of its veneration, especially by Hungarians. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 713 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 713 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The most famous of the surviving Byzantine mosaics of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople - the image of Christ Pantocrator on the walls of the upper southern gallery. ... Look up icon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ... A miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by a God in the universe by which the ordinary course and operation of Nature is overruled, suspended, or modified. ... Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Silver coin of Leopold I, 3 Kreuzers, dated 1670. ... Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg. ... The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet Margaret Beaufort, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500 Engraving of the Gnadenaltar in the Vierzehnheiligen Basilica, Bad Staffelstein, Bavaria. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... Veneration is a religious symbolic act giving honor to someone by honoring an image of that person, particularly applied to saints. ...

The 50 x 70 cm icon was commissioned in 1676 from painter Istvan Papp by Laszlo Csigri upon his release as a prisoner of war from the Turks who were invading Hungary at the time. Perhaps Csigri was unable to pay the 6-ducat fee, because the icon was bought by Laszlo Hurta who donated it to the church in Pócs. Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... The ducat (IPA: ) is a gold coin that was used as a trade currency throughout Europe before World War I. Its weight is 3. ...

The picture shows the mother pointing to the child (signifying "He is the way"), and the child holds a three-stemmed rose (symbolizing the Holy Trinity) and wears a prescient cross from his neck. This article concerns the holy Trinity of Christianity. ...

Since its arrival the picture has not been seen to weep again (perhaps because it enjoys the Gemütlichkeit of Vienna) but other miracles and answered prayers have been attributed to it, including Prince Eugene of Savoy's victory over the Turks at Zenta a few weeks after the icon's installation in the Stephandom. Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ... Senta, City Hall The tower of the City Hall The bridge across Tisa River in Senta Senta (Serbian: Сента or Senta, Hungarian: Zenta, Romanian: Zenta, German: Senta) is a town and municipality on the bank of the Tisa river in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. ...

The residents of Pócs wanted their holy miracle-working painting returned, but the emperor sent them a copy instead. Since then, the copy has been reported to weep real tears and work miracles, so the village changed its name from merely Pócs to Máriapócs and has become an important pilgrimage site. Máriapócs is a small town in eastern Hungary, near Nyíregyháza. ...

The pulpit, with the sculptures of Saints Gregory, Jerome, and Augustine visible from this angle.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1005 KB) Summary Pulpit of Stephansdom. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1005 KB) Summary Pulpit of Stephansdom. ...

Pulpit [P]

A masterwork of late gothic sculpture is the stone pulpit. Long attributed to Anton Pilgram, today Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden is thought more likely to be the carver. So that the local language sermon could be better heard by the worshipers in the days before microphones and loud speakers, the pulpit stands against a pillar out in the nave, instead of in the chancel at the front of the church. The Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral ( 1145). ... A sculpture is a three-dimensional object, which for the purposes of this article is man-made and selected for special recognition as art. ... For other uses of Ambo, see Ambo, Ethiopia, Kom Ombo, ambulance Ambo (band). ... Nikolaus Gerhaert also known as Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden (fl. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... Deconstructing a Roman pillar. ... Links to full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are also found at the entry Cathedral diagram. ... This article is about an architectural feature; for the astronomical term see apsis. ...

The Fenstergucker. Note the chisel in the subject's hand, and the stonemason's signature mark on the shield above the window, which led to speculation that this a self-portrait of the sculptor.

St. Catherine's chapel.

The sides of the pulpit erupt like stylized petals from the stem supporting it. On those gothic petals are relief portraits of the four original Doctors of the Church (St. Augustine of Hippo, St. Ambrose, St. Gregory the Great and St. Jerome), each of them in one of four different temperaments and in one of four different stages of life. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (975x1521, 805 KB) Motive-description: Self monument of an unknown sculptor, beneath the pulpit inside of St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (975x1521, 805 KB) Motive-description: Self monument of an unknown sculptor, beneath the pulpit inside of St. ... Steel woodworking chisel. ... The art and craft of the stonemason has existed since the dawn of civilization - creating buildings, structures and sculpture using stone and other raw materials from the earth. ... A masons mark is a symbol often found on dressed stone in buildings and other public structures. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 609 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (960 × 1280 pixel, file size: 609 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral ( 1145). ... In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. ... In Roman Catholicism, a Doctor of the Church is a theologian from whose teachings the whole Christian church is held to have derived great advantage and to whom eminent learning and great sanctity have been attributed by a proclamation of the Pope or of an ecumenical council. ... “Augustinus” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Ambrose (disambiguation). ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ... “Saint Jerome” redirects here. ...

The handrail of the stairway curving its way around the pillar from ground level to the pulpit has fantastic decorations of toads and lizards biting each other, symbolizing the fight of good against evil. At the top of the stairs, a stone puppy protects the preacher from intruders. Families At least 9, see article. ... Families Many, see text. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. ...

Beneath the stairs is one of the most beloved symbols of the cathedral: a stone self-portrait of the unknown sculptor gawking (German: gucken) out of a window (German: fenster) and thus famously known as the Fenstergucker.

Chapels

There are several formal chapels in St. Stephen's Cathedral:

• St. Katherine's Chapel, in the base of the south tower, is the baptismal chapel. The 14-sided baptismal font was completed in 1481, and its cover was formerly the sound board above the famed pulpit in the main church. Its marble base shows the four Evangelists, while the niches of the basin feature the twelve apostles, Christ and St. Stephan.
• St. Barbara's Chapel, in the base of the north tower, is used for meditation and prayer.
• St. Eligius's Chapel, in the southeast corner, is open for prayer. The altar is dedicated to St. Valentine whose body (one of three, held by various churches) is in another chapel, upstairs.
• St. Bartholomew's Chapel, above St. Eligius' Chapel, has recently been restored.
• The Chapel of the Cross[PES], in the northeast corner, contains the burial place of Prince Eugene of Savoy in the vault containing 3 coffins and a heart urn, under a massive stone slab with iron rings. It is also where the funeral of Mozart was held on 6 December 1791. The beard on the crucified Christ above the altar is of real hair. The chapel is not open to the public.
• St. Valentine's Chapel, above the Chapel of the Cross, is the current depository of the hundreds of relics belonging to the Stephansdom, including a piece of the tablecloth from the Last Supper. A large chest holds the bones of St. Valentine. They were moved here about a century ago, from what is now the Chapter House to the south of the High Altar.

Saint Catherine of Alexandria, known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine (Greek ) is a figure claimed to have been a noted scholar in the early 4th Century who, at the age of only 18, is said to have visited the Emperor Maxentius and to... St. ... Barbara is a female given name used in numerous languages. ... Signature of St. ... Saint Valentine or Saint Valentinus refers to one of at least three martyred saints of Ancient Rome. ... For other uses, see Bartholomew (disambiguation). ... Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Saint Valentine (also Valentinus) refers to one of several martyred saints of ancient Rome. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... The Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. ...

Tombs

It has always been an honour to be buried inside a church, thus close to the physical presence of the saints whose relics are preserved there. Those less honoured were buried near (but outside) the church. Since its earliest days, St. Stephen's Cathedral has been surrounded by cemeteries dating back to Roman times, and has sheltered the bodies of notables and commoners. In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are often depicted as having halos. ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... Castle Ashby Graveyard Northamptonshire A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ...

Ground floor

Tomb of emperor Frederick III.

In the cathedral may be seen the tombs of Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 669 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 669 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1415–1493) [Fr3] under whose reign Vienna obtained its own bishop. His motto "A.E.I.O.U." became synonymous with Austria. Constructed over a span of 45 years, starting 25 years before the emperor's death, this impressive sarcophagus is made of the unusually dense red marble-like stone found at the Adnet quarry. Carved by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden, the tomb lid shows Emperor Frederick in his coronation regalia surrounded by the coats of arms of all of his dominions. The body of the tomb has 240 statues and is a glory of medieval sculptural art. It is prominent in the Apostles' Choir in the southeast corner of the cathedral. Emperor Frederick was 77 when he died, and his leg that had been amputated shortly before his death was buried here with him.
• Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736)[PES],commander of the Imperial forces during the War of the Spanish Succession. His vault is in the large chapel sometimes named for him, in the northwest corner of the cathedral. That chapel has several other names, among them Chapel of The Cross.

Emperor Frederick III Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about... See AEIOU (disambiguation) for other meanings of AEIOU AEIOU, or A.E.I.O.U. was a device utilised by the Habsburgs emperors. ... Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah Detail of a stone sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archeological Museum showing a hunting scene Anthropoid sarcophagus discovered at Cádiz A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ... Venus de Milo, front. ... Adnet, Austria Adnet is a lovely community of 3. ... Nikolaus Gerhaert also known as Nikolaus Gerhaert von Leyden (fl. ... The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Heraldry is the science and art of describing of coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ... Prince Eugen von Savoyen in a contemporary painting François-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan, known as Prinz Eugen von Savoyen in German and Eugenio, Principe di Savoia in Italian (October 18, 1663 – April 24, 1736) was arguable the greatest general to serve the Habsburgs. ... Combatants Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain,[1] Dutch Republic, Portugal, Others France, Spain, Bavaria, Others Commanders Eugene of Savoy, Margrave of Baden, Count Starhemberg, Duke of Marlborough, Earl of Galway, Count Overkirk, Marquês das Minas Duc de Villars, Duc de Vendôme, Duc de Boufflers, Duc de Villeroi, Duke...

Catacombs

When the charnel house and eight cemeteries against St. Stephen's Cathedral's side and back walls were closed due to an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1735, the bones within them were moved to the catacombs below the church. Burials directly in the catacombs occurred until 1783, when a new law forbade most burials within the city. The remains of over 11,000 persons are in the catacombs (which may be toured). A charnel house (Med. ... The bubonic plague or bubonic fever is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. ... The word catacomb comes from Greek kata kumbas (L. ad catacumbas), near the low place and originally it meant a certain burial district in Rome. ...

Bishops Crypt

The most recent interment in this crypt completed in 1952) under the south choir was that of 98-year-old Cardinal Franz König in 2004. The choir stalls in the quire of Bristol Cathedral, Bristol, England A quire is the area of a church where the choir sits, also known as the choir. ... Franz Cardinal König (center) His Eminence Franz Cardinal König (August 3, 1905 – March 13, 2004) was Archbishop of Vienna (1956 - 1985), and a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Canons Crypt

Provosts of the cathedral are buried here. Other members of the cathedral chapter are usually now buried in a special section at the Zentralfriedhof. A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches. ... Exterior of the Dr. Karl Lueger-Gedächtniskirche, Zentralfriedhof, Vienna. ...

Ducal Crypt

For more details on this topic, see Ducal Crypt (Vienna).

A crypt under the chancel holds 78 bronze containers with the bodies, hearts, or viscera of 72 members of the Habsburg dynasty. Before his death in 1365, Duke Rudolf IV had ordered such a crypt to be built for his remains in the new cathedral he commissioned. By 1754 the small rectangular chamber was overcrowded with 12 sarcophagi and 39 urns, so the area was expanded with an oval chamber being added adjacent to the east end of the rectangular one. In 1956 the two chambers were renovated and their contents were rearranged. The sarcophagi of Duke Rudolf IV and his wife were placed upon a pedestal and the 62 urns containing organs were moved from the two rows of shelves around the new chamber to cabinets in the original one. The Ducal Crypt (red letters) is but one of several burial locations beneath the Stephansdom. ... Crypt is also a commonly used name of water trumpets, aquatic plants. ... This article is about an architectural feature; for the astronomical term see apsis. ... In anatomy, the viscera are the internal organs of an animal, in particular the internal organs of the head, thorax and abdomen. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1, 1339 in Vienna, died July 27, 1365 in Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365. ... A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ...

Conservation and restoration

St. Stephen's Cathedral under renovation in October, 2006.

Preservation and repair of the fabric of the medieval cathedral has been a continuous process at St. Stephen's Cathedral since its original construction in 1147. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 1365 pixel, file size: 244 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 1365 pixel, file size: 244 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ...

The porous limestone is subject to weathering, but coating it with a sealer like silicone would simply trap moisture inside the stone and cause it to crack faster when the water freezes. The permanent Dombauhütte (Construction Department) uses the latest scientific techniques (including laser cleaning of delicate features on stonework), and is investigating a process that would impregnate the cavities within the stone with something that would keep water from having a place to infiltrate.-1... Experiment with a laser (US Military) In physics, a laser is a device that emits light through a specific mechanism for which the term laser is an acronym: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. ...

The most visible current repair project is a multi-year renovation of the tall south tower, for which scaffolding has been installed. Fees from advertising on the netting around the scaffolding were defraying some of the costs of the work, but the concept of such advertising was controversial and has been discontinued.

Christ in Gethsemane after restoration.

Systematic cleaning of the interior is gradually proceeding around the walls, and an outdoor relief of Christ in Gethsemane is being restored. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 673 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 673 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... In the art of sculpture, a relief is an artwork where a modelled form projects out of a flat background. ... The Garden of Gethsemane. ...

Recently completed is a giant project for which visitors and worshipers in St. Stephen's Cathedral had been waiting since 1147: better heating of the church during the winter. Previous systems, including fireplaces, just deposited soot and grease on the artwork, but the new system uses apparatus in many different locations so that there is little moving airflow to carry damaging particles. The church is now heated to around 10° C. (50° F.).

Some of the architectural drawings date from the Middle Ages and are on paper 15 feet long and too fragile to handle. Laser measurements of the ancient cathedral have now been made so that a digital 3-dimensional virtual model of the cathedral now exists in its computers, and detailed modern plans can be output at will. When weathered stonework needs to be repaired or replaced, the computerized system can create life-sized models to guide the nine full-time stonemasons on staff in the on-site workshops against the north wall of the cathedral.

Other

• St. Stephen's Cathedral is depicted in a small oval on the packaging of the Manner-Schnitten wafer treat. The Roman Catholic church allowed the Manner company to use the Cathedral as their logo; in return the company is paying the wages of one stone mason doing repair work on the Cathedral.
• The funeral of the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was held in St. Stephen's Cathedral as well as his marriage.
• St. Stephen's Cathedral is featured on the Austrian 10 cent Euro coins.
• In 1862, at the age of 14, Guido von List visited, with his father, the catacombs beneath Stephansdom (St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna) which made a deep impression upom him at which he declared that when he is older he would build a temple to Wotan. List regarded the catacombs as a pagan shrine. As an adult he claimed he had then sworn to build a temple to Wotan when he grew up.
• Much of the cathedral is built in numerological symbolism, based on the numbers 3 and 4. For example, the chair to the bell-ringer's chamber consists of (3 + 4)³ = 343 steps.
• The large, historic organ in the cathedral is by Austrian firm Rieger.

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References

• Official website of St. Stephen's Cathedral (German)
• Official website of the Museum (German)
• Official website of the Permanent Construction Office (German)
• Official website of the Archdiocese of Vienna (German)
• Official website of the parish (German)
• About the Bells (German)
• Digital European Cathedral Archives (German)
• Literaturkritik zur Baugeschichte des wiener Stephandomes (2002) (German)
• Der Stephansplatz im Mittelalter (2003) (German)

See also

• List of tallest churches
• Stephansplatz, Vienna

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... From the year 1311 until the advent of the skyscraper, Christian churches were among the tallest buildings in the world. ... Stock-im-Eisen-Platz 1895, showing the row of buildings that used to separate Stephansplatz from Stock-im-Eisen-Platz The Stephansplatz is a square at the geographical centre of Vienna. ...

External links

• St. Stephen's Cathedral Vienna
• Satellite photo