In C++, the Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language. The Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to utilise and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and every day functions for tasks such as finding the square root of a number. The C++ Standard Library also incorporates the C Standard Library. Features of the Standard Library are declared within the std namespace. C++ (pronounced see plus plus) is a general-purpose computer programming language. ... In object-oriented programming, a class consists of encapsulated instance variables and subprograms, the methods mentioned below. ... In computer science, a subroutine (function, procedure, or subprogram) is a sequence of code which performs a specific task, as part of a larger program, and is grouped as one, or more, statement blocks; such code is sometimes collected into software libraries. ... In computer science, a core language is a pure programming language, generally organized into statement blocks; the core language is often developed into libraries, which are then used during programming. ... The C standard library is a now-standardised collection of header files and library routines used to implement common operations, such as input/output and string handling, in the C programming language. ... In general, a namespace is an abstract container, which is or could be filled by names, or technical terms, or words, and these represent (stand for) real-world things. ...

Standard headers

The following files contain the declarations of the Standard Library.

Containers

• <bitset>
• <deque>
• <list>
• <map>
• <queue>
• <set>
• <stack>
• <vector>

A deque, or double-ended queue is a data structure which unites the properties of a queue and a stack. ... In computer science, a linked list is one of the fundamental data structures used in computer programming. ... In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that speeds up searching for information by a particular aspect of that information, called a key. ... For queueing people, see queue area. ... In computer science, the set is a collection of certain values without any particular order. ... The word stack can mean several different things: Noun Stack (geology): Coastal landform - A large vertical column of rock in the sea. ... The word vector means carrier in Latin; it is derived from the Latin verb vehere, which means to carry. ...

General

• <algorithm>
• <functional>
• <iterator>
• <locale>
• <memory>
• <stdexcept>
• <utility>

Flowcharts are often used to represent algorithms. ... A function object, often called a functor, is a computer programming construct allowing an object to be invoked or called as if it were an ordinary function, usually with the same syntax. ... In object-oriented programming, an iterator is an object allowing one to sequence through all of the elements or parts contained in some other object, typically a container or list. ... In computing, locale is a set of parameters that defines the users language, country and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface. ... Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. ... Exception handling is a programming language mechanism designed to handle runtime errors or other problems (exceptions) inside a computer program. ...

Strings

• <string>

Generally, string is a thin piece of fiber which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. ...

Streams and Input/Output

• <fstream>
• <ios>
• <iostream>
• <iosfwd>
• <iomanip>
• <istream>
• <ostream>
• <sstream>
• <streambuf>

A file in a computer system is a stream (sequence) of bits stored as a single unit, typically in a file system on disk or magnetic tape. ... In C++ and its predecessor, C, there is no direct included method for streaming data input or output. ... Buffer can have various meanings: In chemistry, the term buffer refers to a buffer solution, usually used to stabilize the acidity (pH) of a liquid. ...

Numerics

• <complex>
• <numeric>
• <valarray>

The complex numbers are an extension of the real numbers, in which all non-constant polynomials have roots. ... In computer programming, an array, also known as a vector or list, is one of the simplest data structures. ...

Language Support

• <exception>
• <limits>
• <new>
• <typeinfo>

Exception handling is a programming language mechanism designed to handle runtime errors or other problems (exceptions) inside a computer program. ... Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. ...

C Standard Library

• <cassert>
• <cctype>
• <cerrno>
• <cfloat>
• <climits>
• <cmath>
• <csetjmp>
• <csignal>
• <cstdlib>
• <cstddef>
• <sstdarg>
• <ctime>
• <cstdio>
• <cstring>
• <cwchar>
• <cwctype>

In computer programming, an assertion is a programming language construct that checks whether an expression is true. ... Mathematics, often abbreviated maths in Commonwealth English and math in American English, is the study of abstraction. ... 8:17 am, August 6, 1945, Japanese time. ... Several programming languages implement a printf function, to output a formatted string. ...

References

• Bjarne Stroustrup: The C++ Programming Language, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-70073-5