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Encyclopedia > Standard Romanization (Cantonese)
Chinese language romanization

Chinese language
   General Chinese
   Romanisation in Singapore Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... In linguistics, romanization or latinization is a system for representing a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original word or language used a different writing system. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... General Chinese (GC) is a phonetic system invented by Yuen Ren Chao to represent the pronunciations of all major Chinese dialects. ... The romanisation of the Chinese language in Singapore is not dictated by a single policy, nor is policy implimentation consistent, as the local Chinese community is composed of a myriad of dialect groups. ...


Mandarin Mandarin, or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; pinyin: ; literally official speech), or Beifanghua (Traditional Chinese: 北方話; Simplified Chinese: 北方话; pinyin: ▶(?)]; literally Northern speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ...


For Standard Mandarin
    EFEO
    Gwoyeu Romatzyh
    Hanyu Pinyin
    Latinxua Sinwenz
    Lessing-Othmer
    Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
    Postal System Pinyin
    Tongyong Pinyin
    Wade-Giles
    Yale Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China on Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. ... The École française dExtrême-Orient (EFEO) is a French institute dedicated to the study of Asian societies. ... Gwoyeu Romatzyh (國語羅馬字 Pinyin: Guóyǔ Luómǎzì), abbreviated GR, is a romanization (formerly used officially in the Republic of China) with complex spelling rules which allow for tonal distinctions (unlike most other Romanizations, which require additional diacritics or numerals). ... Pinyin (Chinese: 拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard... Latinxua Sinwenz (拉丁化新文字; also known as Sin Wenz, Latinxua Sinwenz, Zhongguo Latinxua Sin Wenz, Beifangxua Latinxua Sin Wenz or Latinxua) is a little-used romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. ... Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (國語注音符號第二式), abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). ... In the early twentieth century, China (starting with the dying Qing Empire) used Postal (Office) System Pinyin (Traditional Chinese:郵政式拼音 Pinyin: Yóuzhèngshì PÄ«nyÄ«n) (unrelated to the modern Hanyu Pinyin), based on Wade-Giles (in particularly, Herbert Giless A Chinese-English Dictionary) for postal purposes, especially for... Tongyong Pinyin (Chinese: 通用拼音; Pinyin: ; literally Universal/General Usage Sound-combining) is the current official romanization of the Chinese language adopted by the national government (although not all local governments) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since late 2000, announced by the Mandarin Promotion Council of the Ministry of Education. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers. ...

Cantonese Cantonese (Traditional Chinese: 粵語; Simplified Chinese: 粤语, Cantonese: Yuet6yue5; Mandarin pinyin: Yueyu, Yụet (Guangdong) language) is one of the major dialect groups or languages of the Chinese language or language family. ...


For Standard Cantonese
    Ball (Cantonese)
    Barnett-Chao
    Chalmers
    Canton
    Hong Kong Government
    Jyutping
    Meyer-Wempe
    Sidney Lau
    Standard Cantonese Pinyin
    Standard Romanization
    Tipson
    Williams-Eitel
    Yale
More than romanisation
    Jones (Cantonese)
    S. L. Wong (Cantonese) Standard Cantonese is a variant of Cantonese and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation (not an official title) is the method of romanisation used in Hong Kong. ... Jyutping (Traditional Chinese: 粵拼; Simplified Chinese: 粤拼; pinyin: yuèpÄ«n; Yale: yuhtpÄ«ng; sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... The Meyer-Wempe romanisation system was developed by two Catholic missionaries in Hong Kong, Bernhard F. Meyer and Theodore F. Wempe, during the 1920s and 1930s. ... Sidney Lau is a system of romanisation for Standard Cantonese, developed by Sidney Lau for teaching Cantonese. ... Standard Cantonese Pinyin is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Yu Bingzhao (ch. ... The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers. ...

Min Nan Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ...


For Hainanese
    Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
For Taiwanese
    Pe̍h-oē-jī
For Teochew
    Peng'im Hainanese is a dialect of the Min Nan group spoken in the southern Chinese province of Hainan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ... Taiwanese (Chinese: 台語, 台灣話 or 福佬話; Taiwanese Pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân-oÄ“ or Hō-ló-oÄ“; Hanyu Pinyin: TáiyÇ” or Táiwānhuà) is the primary spoken language of 70% of the Taiwanese population. ... Pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ« (POJ) (Chinese: 白話字; pinyin: ) is a romanization created and introduced to Taiwan by Presbyterian missionaries in the 19th century. ... The Teochew dialect (Guangdong romanization: Dio7 Ziu1; Missionary romanization: Tiô-chiu-oē, Chinese:潮州话, Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Teochiu or Tiuchiu), is a Chinese language and dialect of Minnan spoken in a region of eastern Guangdong referred to as Chaoshan. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ...

Hakka Hakka (Simplified Chinese: 客家话, Traditional Chinese: 客家話, Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, pinyin: Kèjiāhuà) is a Chinese dialect/language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ...


For Moiyan dialect
    Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an Meixian (梅縣; Hakka: Moi-yen or Moi-yan) is a county in north eastern Guangdong province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating the Standard Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, and Hainanese spoken varieties of Chinese. ...

Standard Romanization is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in South China in 1888. Publications in Standard Romanization have been issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society, the China Baptist Publication Society, and the Pakhoi Mission Press. In linguistics, romanization or latinization is a system for representing a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original word or language used a different writing system. ... Standard Cantonese is a variant of Cantonese and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese. ... The British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS; more commonly known as Bible Society) is a charity that was founded on March 7, 1804. ...

Contents


Initials

p
[p]
p'
[pʰ]
m
[m]
f
[f]
t
[t]
t'
[tʰ]
n
[n]
l
[l]
k
[k]
k'
[kʰ]
ng
[ŋ]
h
[h]
ts
[ts]
ts'
[tsʰ]
s
[s]
sh
[sʰ]
kw
[kw]
k'w
[kʰw]
y, i
[j]
oo, w
[w]

The initial, also called the onset, or in Chinese shengmu (PY: shēngmǔ, TC: 聲母, SC: 声母), is an important concept in the phonological study of Chinese languages. ...

Finals

a
[ɑː]
aai
[ɑːi]
aau
[ɑːu]
aam
[ɑːm]
aan
[ɑːn]
aang
[ɑːŋ]
aap
[ɑːp]
aat
[ɑːt]
aak
[ɑːk]
  ai
[ɐi]
au
[ɐu]
am, om
[ɐm]
an
[ɐn]
ang
[ɐŋ]
ap, op
[ɐp]
at
[ɐt]
ak
[ɐk]
e
[ɛː]
ei
[ei]
      eng
[ɛːŋ]
    ek
[ɛːk]
i, z
[iː]
  iu
[iːu]
im
[iːm]
in
[iːn]
ing
[ɪŋ]
ip
[iːp]
it
[iːt]
ik
[ɪk]
oh
[ɔː]
oi
[ɔːi]
o
[ou]
  on
[ɔːn]
ong
[ɔːŋ]
  ot
[ɔːt]
ok
[ɔːk]
oo
[uː]
ooi
[uːi]
    oon
[uːn]
ung
[ʊŋ]
  oot
[uːt]
uk
[ʊk]
eu
[œː]
  ui
[ɵy]
  un
[ɵn]
eung
[œːŋ]
  ut
[ɵt]
euk
[œːk]
ue
[yː]
      uen
[yːn]
    uet
[yːt]
 
      m
[m̩]
  ng
[ŋ̩]
     
  • The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
  • When h or k is an initial, om and op are used as the final, instead of am and ap.
  • When s, ts or ts’ is the initial, and i is the final, the final is written z instead.
  • When y is an initial, and i, iu, in, ip, it, or iu are used as finals, the y is ommitted, resulting in i, iu, in, ip, it, and iu, but yik, and ying.
  • When y is an initial, and ue, uen, or uet are finals, the y is ommitted.
  • When w is an initial, and oo, ooi, or oon are finals, the w is ommitted.
  • When i is an initial ending with ue begins a rime
  • Unlike most modern Cantonese romanization systems, a distinction is made between 卅 and 沙. The former is represented by sa while the latter is written as sha.

The final, also called the rhyme, or in Chinese yunmu (PY: yùnmǔ, TC: 韻母, SC: 韵母), is an important concept in the phonological study of Chinese languages. ... A nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. ...

Tones

Tones are indicated using diacritic marks. Of the entering tones, only the middle entering tone is indicated, while the upper entering and lower entering are merged with the upper even and lower even tones.

Tone description Diacritic Example
Upper even faan

Upper rising faán
Upper going faàn
Lower even faān
Lower rising maǎn
Lower going faân
Middle entering faat°

Reference

  • Roy T. Cowles (1999). A Pocket Dictionary of Cantonese 廣東話袖珍字典, Hong Kong University Press (香港大學出版失社). ISBN 962-209-122-9.


 

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